AutoCAD for Interior Design and Space Planning

BEVERLY KIRKPATRICK has worked with AutoCAD for 30+ years, developing interior designs, space plans, and finish schedules for schools, banks, hospitals, churches, and car dealerships. She taught AutoCAD at college and high school levels. JAMES KIRKPATRICK worked with and taught AutoCAD for 40+ years, established Eastfield College's AutoCAD Training Center, and authored 30+ books in the field. HOSSEIN ASSADIPOUR teaches CAD, CNC, CAM, and related topics, and wrote Learning AutoCAD in 20 Projects. He is professor of Division of Mathematics, Engineering Technologies & Computer Sciences at Essex County College. DAVID BYRNES spent 38 years in design, drafting, and 3D modeling, working with AutoCAD since v. 1.4. A CAD consultant, instructor, and author since 1988, he contributed to Cadalyst magazine for 15 years, and taught 2D/3D design software at Emily Carr University of Art + Design, British Columbia Institute of Technology, and the University of British Columbia.

• PART I:  PREPARING TO DRAW WITH AUTOCAD Chapter 1  Introducing the AutoCAD User Interface     1 Chapter Objectives     1 Introduction     1 Exercise 1-1 Examine the AutoCAD User Interface and Save a Workspace     2 Drawing Window and Graphics Cursor     4 Application Menu Button     7 Inputting or Selecting a Command     8 Ribbon     8 Expanded Panels     9 Dialog Boxes and Palettes     9 Tooltips     10 Flyouts     10 Command Line Window (+9)     11 Quick Access Toolbar     11 Customizing the Quick Access Toolbar Down Arrow and Showing the Menu Bar     12 Using AutoCAD Toolbars     13 User Coordinate System Icon     14 Advantage of Using the UCS     14 Viewport Label Menus     14 ViewCube     16 Navigation Bar     17 Infocenter     18 Status Bar     18 Drawing Coordinates Values (+I)     18 Model or Paper Space     21 Quick View Tools     21 Annotation Scaling Tools     21 Workspace Switching     22 Lock/Unlock Toolbar and Window Positions     22 On/Off Hardware Acceleration     22 Clean Screen (+0 [Zero])     22 Modifying and Saving a Workspace     22 Getting Help in AutoCAD 2022     24 Closing AutoCAD     25 Chapter Summary     26 Chapter Test Questions     26 PART II:  TWO-DIMENSIONAL AUTOCAD Chapter 2  Quick-Start Tutorials: Basic Settings and Commands     29 Chapter Objectives     29 Introduction     29 Following the Tutorials in This Book     30 Tutorial 2-1 Part 1, Beginning an AutoCAD Drawing: Saving Your Work; Setting Units, Limits, Grid, and Snap; Creating Layers     31 Beginning an AutoCAD Drawing     31 Saving the Drawing     32 Save     32 Save As     32 DWT     34 DWS     34 DXF     34 Drawing Name and File Name Extension     35 Units     36 Controlling Your Drawing     36 Drawing Scale     37 Drawing Limits and the Cartesian Coordinate System     37 Grid     38 GRIDDISPLAY     38 Snap     40 Zoom     41 Drafting Settings Dialog Box     41 Layers     42 Layer Lists     44 Linetypes     46 Lineweights     46 Lineweight Settings Dialog Box     46 Lineweight Display     48 Setting the Annotation Scale     50 Saving the Drawing     50 Using the Mouse and Right-Click Customization     51 Tutorial 2-1 Part 2, Drawing Lines, Circles, Arcs, Ellipses, and Donuts     52 Ortho     52 Drawing Lines Using the Grid Marks and Snap Increments     53 Erase and Undo     54 Drawing Lines Using Absolute Coordinates     56 Drawing Lines Using Relative Coordinates     57 Drawing Lines Using Polar Coordinates     58 Drawing Lines Using Direct Distance Entry     59 DYNMODE     59 Circle     60 Center, Radius     61 Center, Diameter     62 2 Points     62 3 Points     63 TTR     63 LTSCALE     63 ZOOM     64 Zoom-Window     64 Zoom-All     65 Zoom-Previous     65 Zoom-Extents     66 Zoom-Object     66 Zoom-Realtime     66 PAN REALTIME     66 Transparent Commands     66 REDRAW     67 REGEN     67 HIGHLIGHT     67 Move and Editing Commands Selection Set     67 Options for Selecting Objects to Modify     70 Window (W) and Crossing Window (C)     71 All (ALL)     71 Fence (F)     71 Remove (R) and Add (A)     71 Last (L) and Previous (P)     71 Undo (U)     72 Grips     72 UNDO and REDO     73 ARC     74 3-Point     74 Start, Center, End     76 Start, Center, Angle     76 Start, Center, Length     76 Start, End, Angle     77 Start, End, Direction     77 Start, End, Radius     77 Continue     77 ELLIPSE     77 Axis, End     77 Center     79 DONUT     79 SCALE     80 Reference     80 Adding Text     82 Command History     82 Tutorial 2-2 Plot Responses for CH2-TUTORIAL1, Using the Model Tab     83 Plot - Name     84 Page Setup     84 Printer/Plotter     84 Plot to File     85 Browse for Plot File     85 Plot Style Table (Pen Assignments)     85 Paper Size     86 Plot Area     87 Plot Scale     87 Annotative Property and Annotation Scale     88 Plot Offset (Origin Set to Printable Area)     89 Shaded Viewport Options     89 Plot Options     89 Drawing Orientation     90 Preview…     90 Chapter Summary     92 Chapter Test Questions     92 Chapter Projects     95 Chapter 3  Drawing with AutoCAD: Conference and Lecture Rooms     103 Chapter Objectives     103 Exercise 3-1 Drawing a Rectangular Conference Room, Including Furniture     103 Making a Drawing Template     105 Polyline     107 Undo     108 OFFSET     108 Through     109 Erase     109 Layer     109 EXPLODE     109 ID Point     109 TRIM     111 Rectangle     111 CHAMFER     114 Polyline     114 Undo     114 Angle     115 Trim     115 mEthod     115 Multiple     115 FILLET     116 COPY and Osnap-Midpoint     117 ROTATE     118 Reference     119 POINT     119 DIVIDE     120 MEASURE     121 OSNAP     122 Activating Osnap     122 Copy, Osnap-Midpoint, Osnap-Node     123 MIRROR     124 Osnap Modes That Snap to Specific Drawing Features     127 Exercise 3-2 Drawing a Rectangular Lecture Room, Including Furniture     130 Running Osnap Modes     129 Osnap Settings: Marker, Aperture, Magnet, Tooltip     130 Making Solid Walls Using Polyline and Solid Hatch     132 From     133 BREAK     133 First     134 @     134 Polyline Edit     134 HATCH     136 ARRAY     138 Rectangular     140 Path     141 ARRAYEDIT     141 Distance     141 Exercise 3-3 Drawing a Curved Conference Room, Including Furniture     144 Polyline     145 Width     146 Half Width     146 Length     147 Close     147 POLYGON     148 Edge     149 Grips—Add Vertex     149 Grips—Convert to Arc     151 ARRAY     152 Polar     152 Exercise 3-4 Drawing a Conference Room Using Polar Tracking     155 Polar Tracking     157 Polyline Edit     159 Specifying Points with Tracking     160 Drawing the Chairs around the Conference Table     162 Completing the Conference Room     164 Using Command Preview     165 Choosing Selection Options     166 Chapter Summary     167 Chapter Test Questions     167 Chapter Projects     170 Chapter 4  Adding Text and Tables to the Drawing     183 Chapter Objectives     183 Exercise 4-1 Placing Text on Drawings     183 Making Settings for Text Style     185 Style Name     185 Font Name     185 Making a New Text Style     186 Using the Single Line Text Command to Draw Text     189 Setting the Justify Option     191 Using Standard Codes to Draw Special Characters     192 Using the Multiline Text Command to Draw Text Paragraphs in Columns     195 Changing Text Properties     198 Checking the Spelling     202 Exercise 4-2 Using the TABLE Command to Create a Door Schedule     203 Exercise 4-3 Using the TABLE Command to Create a Window Schedule     214 Chapter Summary     215 Chapter Test Questions     215 Chapter Projects     218 Chapter 5  Advanced Plotting: Using Plot Styles, Paper Space, Multiple Viewports, and PDF Files     223 Chapter Objectives     223 Understanding Layer Names, Colors, and Lineweights     223 Choosing a Plot Style     224 Named Plot Style (STB)     225 Color-Dependent Plot Style (CTB)     226 Exercise 5-1 Make a Color-Dependent Plot Style to Change Colors to Plot Black     226 Exercise 5-2 Plot a Layout with One Viewport     228 Model, Layout1, and Layout2 Tabs     229 Page Setup Manager     229 Center and Scale the Plan     230 Complete the Layout     232 Exercise 5-3 Plot a Layout with Two Viewports     233 Insert an Entire Drawing into a Current Drawing     233 Page Setup Manager     236 Copy a Viewport     237 Center and Scale the Plans     237 Complete the Layout     239 Exercise 5-4 Plot a Layout with Four Viewports     241 Viewports (VPORTS)     242 Use MVIEW to Restore the Viewport VP4 into Layout1     244 Page Setup Manager     245 Center and Scale the Plans     246 Complete the Layout     246 Exercise 5-5 Make PDF Files That Can Be Attached to E-mails and Opened without the AutoCAD Program     247 Chapter Summary     250 Chapter Test Questions     250 Chapter Projects     253 Chapter 6  Drawing the Floor Plan: Walls, Doors, and Windows     255 Chapter Objectives     255 The Tenant Space Project     255 Exercise 6-1 Tenant Space Floor Plan     256 RECTANGLE     257 HATCH     258 ARRAY     258 Multiline Style     260 Multiline Command     262 Edit Multiline Command     268 EXTEND     269 PROPERTIES     269 LIST     270 COLOR     270 Linetype     272 Lineweight     272 Make Object's Layer Current     272 Match Properties     272 Block     273 Wblock     276 Insert     278 Insertion Point     281 X Scale Factor, Y Scale Factor     281 Using Annotative Text     282 Inserting Entire Drawings as Blocks     284 Advantages of Using Blocks     284 Exercise 6-2 Hotel Room 1 Floor Plan     285 AutoCAD DesignCenter     287 Chapter Summary     291 Chapter Test Questions     291 Chapter Projects     294 Chapter 7  Dimensioning and Area Calculations     297 Chapter Objectives     297 Eight Basic Types of Dimensions     297 Using Dimension Variables     298 Exercise 7-1 Dimensioning the Tenant Space Floor Plan Using Linear Dimensions     301 Setting the Dimension Variables Using the Command Prompt     303 Setting the Dimension Variables Using the Dimension Style Manager Dialog Box     304 Using the Fit Tab to Scale for Dimension Features     309 Annotative     309 Scale Dimensions to Layout     310 Use Overall Scale of: (DIMSCALE)     310 Linear and Continue Dimensioning     311 Aligned Dimensioning     315 Baseline Dimensioning     315 Adding a Dimension Break     318 Using Adjust Space     318 Exercise 7-2 Revisions and Modifying Dimensions     319 Setting the DIMASSOC Dimension Variable     319 Understanding Associative Dimension Commands     321 Oblique     321 Align Text (Home-Angle-Left-Center-Right)     322 Override     322 Update     322 Defpoints Layer     322 Using the PROPERTIES Palette     323 Accessing Match Properties     323 Using Grips     323 Drawing a Revision Cloud     324 Exercise 7-3 Tenant Space Total Square Footage     326 Defining the Area for Square Footage     326 Using the Cal Calculator     329 Chapter Summary     331 Chapter Test Questions     331 Chapter Projects     334 Chapter 8  Drawing Elevations, Sections, and Details     337 Chapter Objectives     337 Introduction     337 Exercise 8-1 Tenant Space: Elevation of Conference Room Cabinets     337 UCS     339 UCS Icon     340 Draw the Upper Cabinets     341 Mirror     342 Draw the Lower Cabinets     344 Stretch     345 Complete the Drawing     354 Circles to Be Used with Multileaders     357 Exercise 8-2 The Multileader Command     357 Multileader Standard Style     357 Multileader     360 Multileader Align     362 Change Multileader Style     362 Multileader Collect     366 Multileader Add     367 Exercise 8-3 Tenant Space: Section of Conference Room Cabinets with Hatching     368 Prepare to Use the Hatch Command with the Add: Select Objects Boundary Option     371 Use the Hatch Command with the Add: Select Objects Boundary Option     372 Use the Hatch Command with the Add: Pick Points Boundary Option     373 Hatch; Hatch and Gradient Dialog Box; Hatch Tab     376 Type and Pattern     376 Angle and Scale     377 Hatch Origin     378 Boundaries     378 Options     378 More Options     379 Islands     380 Boundary Retention     380 Boundary Set     380 Gap Tolerance     380 Inherit Options     380 Edit Hatch     381 Exercise 8-4 Detail of Door Jamb with Hatching     385 Exercise 8-5 Use Point Filters and Object Snap Tracking to Make an Orthographic Drawing of a Conference Table     386 Point Filters     388 Object Snap Tracking     389 Chapter Summary     393 Chapter Test Questions     393 Chapter Projects     396 Chapter 9  Drawing the Furniture Installation Plan, Adding Specifications, and Extracting Data     401 Chapter Objectives     401 Introduction     401 Exercise 9-1 Tenant Space Furniture Installation Plan with Furniture Specifications     402 Draw the Furniture Symbols     403 Define Attributes (ATTDEF)     403 Constant Attribute     408 Variable Attribute     410 Verify Attribute     412 Edit Text (TEXTEDIT)     413 QP (Quick Properties)     414 Properties Palette     414 WBLOCK the Furniture with Attributes Symbol     414 Insert the Furniture Symbols with Attributes into the Drawing     416 Complete the Tenant Space Furniture Installation Plan     418 Edit Attribute, Single     418 Edit Attribute, Global     420 Attribute Display (ATTDISP)     422 Redefining an Inserted Block with Attributes Using the BLOCK Command     422 Block Attribute Manager (BATTMAN)     423 Synchronize Attributes (ATTSYNC)     423 Exercise 9-2 Extracting Attributes from the Tenant Space Furniture Installation Plan     424 Data Extraction…     425 Chapter Summary     430 Chapter Test Questions     430 Chapter Projects     432 Chapter 10  DesignCenter, Dynamic Blocks, and External References     435 Chapter Objectives     435 Introduction     435 Exercise 10-1 Reception Area Furniture Installation Plan Using the DesignCenter     435 The DesignCenter     436 DesignCenter Tabs     436 DesignCenter Buttons     437 Exercise 10-2 Training Room Furniture Installation Plan Using DesignCenter and Dynamic Blocks     440 Use Block Editor to Make Dynamic Blocks     445 Exercise 10-3 Attach an External Reference to an Office Plan     456 XATTACH (Attach External Reference)     456 External Reference (XREF)     457 XBIND     457 Features of External References     457 Chapter Summary     463 Chapter Test Questions     463 Chapter Projects     465 Chapter 11  Drawing the Reflected Ceiling Plan and Voice/Data/Power Plan     471 Chapter Objectives     471 Introduction     471 Exercise 11-1 Part 1, Tenant Space Lighting Legend and Reflected Ceiling Plan     471 Tenant Space Lighting Legend Symbols     473 Tenant Space Reflected Ceiling Plan     473 Exercise 11-1 Part 2, Tenant Space Voice/Data/Power Legend and Plan     474 Tenant Space Voice/Data/Power Legend Symbols     474 Tenant Space Voice/Data/Power Plan     476 Chapter Summary     478 Chapter Test Questions     478 Chapter Projects     480 Chapter 12  Creating Presentations with Layouts and Making a Sheet Set     485 Chapter Objectives     485 Exercise 12-1 Make a Printed Presentation of the Tenant Space Project by Combining Multiple Plans on One Sheet of Paper     485 Use Create Layout Wizard to Set Up Four Viewports on a Single Sheet     486 Complete the Title Block     487 Use Layer Properties Manager to Freeze Viewport Layers     490 Scale and Center the Plans     492 Using MVSETUP to Align the Plans     492 Complete the Presentation     494 Exercise 12-2 Making a Four-Sheet Presentation of the Tenant Space Project Using a Sheet Set     495 Make New Layout Tabs and Rename the New Layout Tabs     496 Prepare the Layout Tabs for Plotting Drawings     496 Use MVSETUP to Insert a Title Block     498 Quick View Tools     500 New Sheet Set and Sheet Set Manager     501 Chapter Summary     504 Chapter Test Questions     504 Chapter Project     507 Chapter 13  Isometric Drawing and Gradient Hatch Rendering     509 Chapter Objectives     509 Axonometric Drawing     509 Isometric Drawing     509 Exercise 13-1 Fundamentals of Isometric Drawing     510 Drafting Settings Dialog Box     512 Shape 1: Drawing the Isometric Rectangle     512 Shape 2: Drawing Isometric Ellipses     513 Shape 3: Drawing a Chair with Ellipses That Show the Thickness of a Material     515 Shape 4: Drawing a Shape That Has a Series of Isometric Ellipses Located on the Same Centerline     518 Shape 5: Isometric Detail with Rounded Corners     520 Shape 6: A TV Shape with an Angled Back     521 Shape 7: Isometric Detail: A Hexagonal-Shaped Vase     524 Exercise 13-2 Tenant Space Reception Desk in Isometric     525 Dimensioning in Isometric     532 Gradient Hatch     532 Exercise 13-3 Using Gradient Patterns to Render the Shapes of Exercise 13-1     533 Chapter Summary     540 Chapter Test Questions     540 Chapter Projects     543 PART III:  THREE-DIMENSIONAL AUTOCAD Chapter 14  Solid Modeling     547 Chapter Objectives     547 Introduction     547 Creating Primitive Shapes with Solid Commands     548 Creating Composite Solids with Solid Commands     548 Editing Solids with Solid Commands     548 Controlling UCS in Three Dimensions     549 Dynamic UCS     549 Viewing Solids     549 3D Views Menu Options     549 SteeringWheels     551 ViewCube     552 Editing Solids with Other Commands     552 Controlling Solids Display     552 Exercise 14-1 Part 1, Drawing Primitive Solids     553 Box     555 Sphere     555 Wedge     556 Cone     556 Cylinder     557 Torus     557 Exercise 14-1 Part 2, Using Extrude to Draw Extruded Solids     558 Drawing an Extruded Circle     558 Drawing an Extruded Polygon     558 Drawing an Extruded Rectangle     559 Drawing an Extruded Structural Angle     560 Drawing an Extruded Shape     561 Exercise 14-1 Part 3, Using REVOLVE to Draw Revolved Solids; Using 3DROTATE to Rotate Solids about the X-, Y-, and Z-Axes     562 Drawing Revolved Shape 1     562 Drawing a Revolved Rectangle     564 Drawing a Revolved Paper Clip Holder     565 Using 3dROTATE     565 Exercise 14-1 Part 4, Using CHAMFER and FILLET to Form Chamfers and Fillets on Solid Edges     566 Chamfering and Filleting the Top Four Edges of Two Separate Boxes     566 Chamfering and Filleting the Top Edge of Two Separate Cylinders     567 Exercise 14-1 Part 5, Using UNION to Join Two Solids; Using SUBTRACT to Subtract Solids from Other Solids     568 Drawing Solid Shape 1     568 Drawing Solid Shape 2     569 Joining with Union     570 Using Subtract     570 Performing a Hide     571 Exercise 14-1 Part 6, Using Sweep, Helix, Subtract, Loft, Planar Surface, Thicken, and Polysolid to Draw Solid Shapes     571 Sweeping an Object     571 Using Loft     574 Creating a Bowl-Shaped Object     575 Using Planar Surface     575 Using POLYSOLID     576 Exercise 14-1 Part 7, Using Intersection to Form a Solid Model from the Common Volume of Two Intersecting Solids     577 Drawing Two Extruded Shapes at Right Angles to Each Other     578 Using Intersect     579 Wblocking the Intersected Model     580 Completing Exercise 14-1     581 Chapter Summary     583 Chapter Test Questions     583 Chapter Projects     586 Chapter 15  Advanced Modeling     593 Chapter Objectives     593 Introduction     593 Exercise 15-1 Creating a Solid Model of Chair 2     594 Exercise 15-2 Creating a Solid Model of a Patio     597 RENDER     608 Render Quality     608 Destinations     608 Lights     608 Materials     609 Other Commands Available to Render, Animate, Attach Scanned Files, and Shade 3D Models     609 Exercise 15-3 Use Render Commands to Make a Photo-Realistic Rendering of the Solid Model in Exercise 15-2     610 Exercise 15-4 Create a Walk-Through AVI File for the Rendered 3D Patio     621 Chapter Summary     627 Chapter Test Questions     627 Chapter Projects     630 PART IV:  APPENDIXES Appendix A  Keyboard Shortcuts     633 Appendix B  Shortcut and Temporary Override Keys     641 Glossary     643 Index     647