Simone de Beauvoir (1908-86) French philosopher, novelist, and essayist, the lifelong companion of Jean-Paul Sartre. Beauvoir's first book, L'Invitée, was published in 1943. In 1945 Beauvoir published Le Sang des autres, a novel dealing with the question of political involvement. Beauvoir's breakthrough work was semiautobiographical Les Mandarins (1954), which won the Prix Concourt. Roman Catholic authorities banned it and Beauvoir's feminist classic The Second Sex (1949), in which Beauvoir argued that "one is not born a woman; one becomes one". In 1958 Beauvoir published Mémoires d'une jeune fille rangée, the first of four volume memoirs. She described her happy childhood, intellectual development and of course Sartre. It was followed by La Force de l'âge (1960), La Force des choses (1963), and Tout compte fait (1972),

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