Brigadier General (Retired) Kenneth Watkin was a career military legal adviser to the Canadian Forces, who has served in a number of operational, military justice, and general legal advisory positions, most recently as Judge Advocate General for the Canadian Forces. He is widely respected as a scholar of IHL and national security law, with dozens of articles in the field. He won the 2008 Lieber Society Military Prize for his AJIL article, Assessing Proportionality: Moral Complexity and Legal Rules, and served as the Charles H. Stockton Professor of International Law at the U.S. Naval War College from 2011-2012.

Watkin's book can be seen both as a work of operational law and a major scholarly treatment of the law governing the use of force. It provides detailed accounts of how situations arise on the ground that evade easy classification in terms of our existing conceptual and legal categories. These will provide vivid instruction for those not familiar with the reality of modern military operations. At the same time, it furnishes a valuable framework for analyzing the features of such operations that are relevant in assessing how force should be used in particular scenarios. Finally, Watkin offers a set of principles for both operational law and broader policy decisions to help navigate the complex terrain of modern security challenges.

• Table of CasesAbbreviations PART I: INTRODUCTION 1. An Outline of the Challenges PART II: THE INTERACTION BETWEEN NORMATIVE FRAMEWORKS 2. Controlling State Involvement in Conflict3. Applying the Self-Defense Principles During Armed Conflict4. States, "Proper Authority", and Conflict5. The Humanitarian and Human Rights Law Interface PART II: THE THREAT, THE STATE RESPONSE AND LEGAL UNCERTAINTY 6. Contemporary Threats: Insurgency and Terrorism7. Counterinsurgency and Converging Norms8. Counterterrorism and the "Away Game"9. Non-State Actors and Armed Conflict10. Self-Defense and the Protection of Nationals PART IV: APPLYING FORCE ACROSS THE CONFLICT SPECTRUM 11. Law Enforcement and "Self-Defense"12. The Narrow Operational and Normative Gap13. The Limits of Law Enforcement PART V: THE WAY AHEAD 14. A Holistic Solution15. Preparing for 21st Century Warfare Appendix 1: Confronting Transnational Violence: A Holistic Approach Bibliography Index

Brigadier General (Retired) Kenneth Watkin was a career military legal adviser to the Canadian Forces, who has served in a number of operational, military justice, and general legal advisory positions, most recently as Judge Advocate General for the Canadian Forces. He is widely respected as a scholar of IHL and national security law, with dozens of articles in the field. He won the 2008 Lieber Society Military Prize for his AJIL article, Assessing Proportionality: Moral Complexity and Legal Rules, and served as the Charles H. Stockton Professor of International Law at the U.S. Naval War College from 2011-2012.

Watkin's book can be seen both as a work of operational law and a major scholarly treatment of the law governing the use of force. It provides detailed accounts of how situations arise on the ground that evade easy classification in terms of our existing conceptual and legal categories. These will provide vivid instruction for those not familiar with the reality of modern military operations. At the same time, it furnishes a valuable framework for analyzing the features of such operations that are relevant in assessing how force should be used in particular scenarios. Finally, Watkin offers a set of principles for both operational law and broader policy decisions to help navigate the complex terrain of modern security challenges.

• Table of CasesAbbreviations PART I: INTRODUCTION 1. An Outline of the Challenges PART II: THE INTERACTION BETWEEN NORMATIVE FRAMEWORKS 2. Controlling State Involvement in Conflict3. Applying the Self-Defense Principles During Armed Conflict4. States, "Proper Authority", and Conflict5. The Humanitarian and Human Rights Law Interface PART II: THE THREAT, THE STATE RESPONSE AND LEGAL UNCERTAINTY 6. Contemporary Threats: Insurgency and Terrorism7. Counterinsurgency and Converging Norms8. Counterterrorism and the "Away Game"9. Non-State Actors and Armed Conflict10. Self-Defense and the Protection of Nationals PART IV: APPLYING FORCE ACROSS THE CONFLICT SPECTRUM 11. Law Enforcement and "Self-Defense"12. The Narrow Operational and Normative Gap13. The Limits of Law Enforcement PART V: THE WAY AHEAD 14. A Holistic Solution15. Preparing for 21st Century Warfare Appendix 1: Confronting Transnational Violence: A Holistic Approach Bibliography Index

Brigadier General (Retired) Kenneth Watkin was a career military legal adviser to the Canadian Forces, who has served in a number of operational, military justice, and general legal advisory positions, most recently as Judge Advocate General for the Canadian Forces. He is widely respected as a scholar of IHL and national security law, with dozens of articles in the field. He won the 2008 Lieber Society Military Prize for his AJIL article, Assessing Proportionality: Moral Complexity and Legal Rules, and served as the Charles H. Stockton Professor of International Law at the U.S. Naval War College from 2011-2012.

Watkin's book can be seen both as a work of operational law and a major scholarly treatment of the law governing the use of force. It provides detailed accounts of how situations arise on the ground that evade easy classification in terms of our existing conceptual and legal categories. These will provide vivid instruction for those not familiar with the reality of modern military operations. At the same time, it furnishes a valuable framework for analyzing the features of such operations that are relevant in assessing how force should be used in particular scenarios. Finally, Watkin offers a set of principles for both operational law and broader policy decisions to help navigate the complex terrain of modern security challenges.

• Table of CasesAbbreviations PART I: INTRODUCTION 1. An Outline of the Challenges PART II: THE INTERACTION BETWEEN NORMATIVE FRAMEWORKS 2. Controlling State Involvement in Conflict3. Applying the Self-Defense Principles During Armed Conflict4. States, "Proper Authority", and Conflict5. The Humanitarian and Human Rights Law Interface PART II: THE THREAT, THE STATE RESPONSE AND LEGAL UNCERTAINTY 6. Contemporary Threats: Insurgency and Terrorism7. Counterinsurgency and Converging Norms8. Counterterrorism and the "Away Game"9. Non-State Actors and Armed Conflict10. Self-Defense and the Protection of Nationals PART IV: APPLYING FORCE ACROSS THE CONFLICT SPECTRUM 11. Law Enforcement and "Self-Defense"12. The Narrow Operational and Normative Gap13. The Limits of Law Enforcement PART V: THE WAY AHEAD 14. A Holistic Solution15. Preparing for 21st Century Warfare Appendix 1: Confronting Transnational Violence: A Holistic Approach Bibliography Index