John S. Reach, Jr., MSc, MD, FAAOS, is Associate Professor of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation and Director of the Foot and Ankle Section at Yale School of Medicine in New Haven, CT.James J. Yue, MD, is co-chief of the orthopaedic spine surgery section at the Yale School of Medicine. He is director of the Yale Spine Fellowship as well as the lead surgeon for motion sparing as well as endoscopic spine surgery. He has been the Principal Investigator/Co-Investigator on a number of FDA and non FDA clinical trials for disc replacement and endoscopic spine surgery. He is the Chair of the Education Committee for the International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery and IITTSS spine society.Deepak Narayan, MD, is a Professor of Surgery at the Yale University School of Medicine in New Haven, CT. He is also the Chief of Plastic Surgery at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in West Haven, CT. In addition to a busy clinical practice he is actively involved in research and has a special interest in postoperative pain.Alan David Kaye, MD, PhD, DABA, DABIPP, DABPM, FASA, is the Tenured Professor, Program Director, and Chairman of the Department of Anesthesiology at LSU Health Sciences Center in New Orleans since 2005. He received two BS degrees and a MD degree from the University of Arizona. Dr. Kaye also completed his PhD in pharmacology at Tulane School of Medicine. Dr. Kaye has been awarded top doctors honors in the fields of anesthesiology and pain management.Nalini Vadivelu, MD, graduated from Medical school in Christian Medical college, Vellore, India, and completed her Anesthesiology Residency in the University of Southern California. She completed her Pain Management Fellowship in Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York. She has been working as faculty at Yale University since 2002.

Orthopaedic and spine operations often cause the most intense post-surgery acute pain conditions. Therefore this is a useful up-to date review of most aspects of perioperative pain management for orthopaedic and spine surgery, of special interest for surgeons, anaesthetists, and other health providers.

• 1. Pathophysiology of Pain and Pain Pathways Paula Trigo Blanco, Maricarmen Roche Rodriguez, and Nalini Vadivelu 2. Preventative Analgesia for the Management of General Surgical Pain Mohammed Asif Qureshi, J.H. Gan, Sree Kunnumpurath, Clara Pau, Alice Kai, Zachariah Mirsky, William Park, and Nalini Vadivelu 3. Perioperative Nonopioid Analgesics of Use in Pain Management for Spine Surgery Kenneth Fomberstein, Michael Rubin, Dipan Patel, Ivona Truszkowska, and S. Gabriel Farkas 4. Perioperative Opioid Analgesics of Use in Pain Management for Spine Surgery Kenneth Fomberstein, Marissa Rubin, Dipan Patel, John-Paul Sara, and Abhishek Gupta 5. Local Anesthetics Donna Thomas 6. Susceptibility of Peripheral Nerves in Diabetes to Compression and Implications in Pain Treatment Natalia Murinova and Daniel Krashin 7. Cervical Spine Siddarth Thakur and Salahadin Abdi 8. Thoracic Spine Pain Mark R. Jones, Matthew Novitch, Graham R. Hadley, Alan D. Kaye, and Sudhir A. Diwan 9. Lumbosacral Spine Chang-Yeon Kim, Charles Chang, Raysa Cabrejo, and James Yue 10. Lumbar Neurogenic Claudication: Causes and Pain Management Options Raj Gala and James Yue 11. Needle Placement Kenneth D. Candido and Teresa M. Kusper 12. Sacroiliac Pain: Causes and Pain Management Options Rene Przkora, Richard Cleveland Sims, and Andrea Trescot 13. Sympathetic Pain Syndromes Kenneth D. Candido and Teresa M. Kusper 14. Comprehensive Review of Discography in Spinal Pain Graham R. Hadley, Matthew Novitch, Mark R. Jones, Vwaire Orhurhu, Alan D. Kaye, and Sudhir A. Diwan 15. Open Endoscopic Rhizotomy Raj Gala, Lauren Szolomayer, and James Yue 16. Endoscopically Assisted Lumbar Medial Branch Rhizotomy Lauren Szolomayer, Raysa Cabrejo, James Yue, and Raj Gala 17. Advances in Dorsal Column Stimulation Chirag D. Shah and Maunak V. Rana 18. Advances in Intrathecal Drug Delivery: Impact on Orthopedic Practice Jay S. Grider, Michael E. Harned, and Vital Nagar 19. Neuromodulation and Spinal Cord Stimulators: A Long Overdue Paradigm Disruption with the Interventional Pain Management Ladder Anh L. Ngo, Bruce A. Piszel, Mark R. Jones, Hector J. Cases, Alan D. Kaye, and Mark V. Boswell

John S. Reach, Jr., MSc, MD, FAAOS, is Associate Professor of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation and Director of the Foot and Ankle Section at Yale School of Medicine in New Haven, CT.James J. Yue, MD, is co-chief of the orthopaedic spine surgery section at the Yale School of Medicine. He is director of the Yale Spine Fellowship as well as the lead surgeon for motion sparing as well as endoscopic spine surgery. He has been the Principal Investigator/Co-Investigator on a number of FDA and non FDA clinical trials for disc replacement and endoscopic spine surgery. He is the Chair of the Education Committee for the International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery and IITTSS spine society.Deepak Narayan, MD, is a Professor of Surgery at the Yale University School of Medicine in New Haven, CT. He is also the Chief of Plastic Surgery at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in West Haven, CT. In addition to a busy clinical practice he is actively involved in research and has a special interest in postoperative pain.Alan David Kaye, MD, PhD, DABA, DABIPP, DABPM, FASA, is the Tenured Professor, Program Director, and Chairman of the Department of Anesthesiology at LSU Health Sciences Center in New Orleans since 2005. He received two BS degrees and a MD degree from the University of Arizona. Dr. Kaye also completed his PhD in pharmacology at Tulane School of Medicine. Dr. Kaye has been awarded top doctors honors in the fields of anesthesiology and pain management.Nalini Vadivelu, MD, graduated from Medical school in Christian Medical college, Vellore, India, and completed her Anesthesiology Residency in the University of Southern California. She completed her Pain Management Fellowship in Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York. She has been working as faculty at Yale University since 2002.

Orthopaedic and spine operations often cause the most intense post-surgery acute pain conditions. Therefore this is a useful up-to date review of most aspects of perioperative pain management for orthopaedic and spine surgery, of special interest for surgeons, anaesthetists, and other health providers.

• 1. Pathophysiology of Pain and Pain Pathways Paula Trigo Blanco, Maricarmen Roche Rodriguez, and Nalini Vadivelu 2. Preventative Analgesia for the Management of General Surgical Pain Mohammed Asif Qureshi, J.H. Gan, Sree Kunnumpurath, Clara Pau, Alice Kai, Zachariah Mirsky, William Park, and Nalini Vadivelu 3. Perioperative Nonopioid Analgesics of Use in Pain Management for Spine Surgery Kenneth Fomberstein, Michael Rubin, Dipan Patel, Ivona Truszkowska, and S. Gabriel Farkas 4. Perioperative Opioid Analgesics of Use in Pain Management for Spine Surgery Kenneth Fomberstein, Marissa Rubin, Dipan Patel, John-Paul Sara, and Abhishek Gupta 5. Local Anesthetics Donna Thomas 6. Susceptibility of Peripheral Nerves in Diabetes to Compression and Implications in Pain Treatment Natalia Murinova and Daniel Krashin 7. Cervical Spine Siddarth Thakur and Salahadin Abdi 8. Thoracic Spine Pain Mark R. Jones, Matthew Novitch, Graham R. Hadley, Alan D. Kaye, and Sudhir A. Diwan 9. Lumbosacral Spine Chang-Yeon Kim, Charles Chang, Raysa Cabrejo, and James Yue 10. Lumbar Neurogenic Claudication: Causes and Pain Management Options Raj Gala and James Yue 11. Needle Placement Kenneth D. Candido and Teresa M. Kusper 12. Sacroiliac Pain: Causes and Pain Management Options Rene Przkora, Richard Cleveland Sims, and Andrea Trescot 13. Sympathetic Pain Syndromes Kenneth D. Candido and Teresa M. Kusper 14. Comprehensive Review of Discography in Spinal Pain Graham R. Hadley, Matthew Novitch, Mark R. Jones, Vwaire Orhurhu, Alan D. Kaye, and Sudhir A. Diwan 15. Open Endoscopic Rhizotomy Raj Gala, Lauren Szolomayer, and James Yue 16. Endoscopically Assisted Lumbar Medial Branch Rhizotomy Lauren Szolomayer, Raysa Cabrejo, James Yue, and Raj Gala 17. Advances in Dorsal Column Stimulation Chirag D. Shah and Maunak V. Rana 18. Advances in Intrathecal Drug Delivery: Impact on Orthopedic Practice Jay S. Grider, Michael E. Harned, and Vital Nagar 19. Neuromodulation and Spinal Cord Stimulators: A Long Overdue Paradigm Disruption with the Interventional Pain Management Ladder Anh L. Ngo, Bruce A. Piszel, Mark R. Jones, Hector J. Cases, Alan D. Kaye, and Mark V. Boswell

John S. Reach, Jr., MSc, MD, FAAOS, is Associate Professor of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation and Director of the Foot and Ankle Section at Yale School of Medicine in New Haven, CT.James J. Yue, MD, is co-chief of the orthopaedic spine surgery section at the Yale School of Medicine. He is director of the Yale Spine Fellowship as well as the lead surgeon for motion sparing as well as endoscopic spine surgery. He has been the Principal Investigator/Co-Investigator on a number of FDA and non FDA clinical trials for disc replacement and endoscopic spine surgery. He is the Chair of the Education Committee for the International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery and IITTSS spine society.Deepak Narayan, MD, is a Professor of Surgery at the Yale University School of Medicine in New Haven, CT. He is also the Chief of Plastic Surgery at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in West Haven, CT. In addition to a busy clinical practice he is actively involved in research and has a special interest in postoperative pain.Alan David Kaye, MD, PhD, DABA, DABIPP, DABPM, FASA, is the Tenured Professor, Program Director, and Chairman of the Department of Anesthesiology at LSU Health Sciences Center in New Orleans since 2005. He received two BS degrees and a MD degree from the University of Arizona. Dr. Kaye also completed his PhD in pharmacology at Tulane School of Medicine. Dr. Kaye has been awarded top doctors honors in the fields of anesthesiology and pain management.Nalini Vadivelu, MD, graduated from Medical school in Christian Medical college, Vellore, India, and completed her Anesthesiology Residency in the University of Southern California. She completed her Pain Management Fellowship in Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York. She has been working as faculty at Yale University since 2002.

Orthopaedic and spine operations often cause the most intense post-surgery acute pain conditions. Therefore this is a useful up-to date review of most aspects of perioperative pain management for orthopaedic and spine surgery, of special interest for surgeons, anaesthetists, and other health providers.

• 1. Pathophysiology of Pain and Pain Pathways Paula Trigo Blanco, Maricarmen Roche Rodriguez, and Nalini Vadivelu 2. Preventative Analgesia for the Management of General Surgical Pain Mohammed Asif Qureshi, J.H. Gan, Sree Kunnumpurath, Clara Pau, Alice Kai, Zachariah Mirsky, William Park, and Nalini Vadivelu 3. Perioperative Nonopioid Analgesics of Use in Pain Management for Spine Surgery Kenneth Fomberstein, Michael Rubin, Dipan Patel, Ivona Truszkowska, and S. Gabriel Farkas 4. Perioperative Opioid Analgesics of Use in Pain Management for Spine Surgery Kenneth Fomberstein, Marissa Rubin, Dipan Patel, John-Paul Sara, and Abhishek Gupta 5. Local Anesthetics Donna Thomas 6. Susceptibility of Peripheral Nerves in Diabetes to Compression and Implications in Pain Treatment Natalia Murinova and Daniel Krashin 7. Cervical Spine Siddarth Thakur and Salahadin Abdi 8. Thoracic Spine Pain Mark R. Jones, Matthew Novitch, Graham R. Hadley, Alan D. Kaye, and Sudhir A. Diwan 9. Lumbosacral Spine Chang-Yeon Kim, Charles Chang, Raysa Cabrejo, and James Yue 10. Lumbar Neurogenic Claudication: Causes and Pain Management Options Raj Gala and James Yue 11. Needle Placement Kenneth D. Candido and Teresa M. Kusper 12. Sacroiliac Pain: Causes and Pain Management Options Rene Przkora, Richard Cleveland Sims, and Andrea Trescot 13. Sympathetic Pain Syndromes Kenneth D. Candido and Teresa M. Kusper 14. Comprehensive Review of Discography in Spinal Pain Graham R. Hadley, Matthew Novitch, Mark R. Jones, Vwaire Orhurhu, Alan D. Kaye, and Sudhir A. Diwan 15. Open Endoscopic Rhizotomy Raj Gala, Lauren Szolomayer, and James Yue 16. Endoscopically Assisted Lumbar Medial Branch Rhizotomy Lauren Szolomayer, Raysa Cabrejo, James Yue, and Raj Gala 17. Advances in Dorsal Column Stimulation Chirag D. Shah and Maunak V. Rana 18. Advances in Intrathecal Drug Delivery: Impact on Orthopedic Practice Jay S. Grider, Michael E. Harned, and Vital Nagar 19. Neuromodulation and Spinal Cord Stimulators: A Long Overdue Paradigm Disruption with the Interventional Pain Management Ladder Anh L. Ngo, Bruce A. Piszel, Mark R. Jones, Hector J. Cases, Alan D. Kaye, and Mark V. Boswell