Robert Keefer is an Emeritus Professor from West Virginia University who has taught soil science and landscape architecture for over 30 years.

• Use of soil surveys for landscape architecture; basic information about soils and plants; parts of a soil- air, water, minerals, and organic matter; physical properties of soils; movement of water across soils; nature of soil erodibility; controlling erosion; effective water use - irrigation; chemical properties of soils for growing plants; soil nutrients; macronutrients - nitrogen, phospherous and potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur; micronutrients; fertilizers; soil organic matter; diagnosing plant disorders; engineering aspects of soil; satellite imagining, image technology, and computer programmes.