Erin Jessee is Senior Lecturer in History at the University of Glasgow in Scotland, where she works across the War Studies, Gender History, and Global History research clusters. She is an oral historian and genocide scholar with particular interest in Rwanda and Bosnia, as well as the ethics of qualitative research with conflict-affected communities. Her work has been published in Medical History, Memory Studies, The Oral History Review, and History in Africa. She serves on the editorial boards for the Journal of Perpetrator Research, The Oral History Review, and the Oxford Oral History Series.Annie Pohlman teaches Indonesian at The University of Queensland. Her research interests include Indonesian history, comparative genocide studies, torture, gendered experiences of mass violence, and oral testimony. She is the author of Women, Sexual Violence and the Indonesian Killings of 1965-66 (2015) and the editor of several volumes on genocide studies, Asian history, andtraumatic narrative. Her work is grounded in human rights activism, and she works closely with community partners in Indonesia to document state-sponsored atrocities.

08/12/2025

• Part I Introduction 1: Genocide, Symbolic Violence, and Social Death 2: Oral History in the Aftermath of Genocide 3: Historical Context: The Genocides in Indonesia, Bosnia, and Rwanda Part II Heritage Violence 4: Framing Heritage Violence 5: Tangible Heritage 6: Intangible Heritage Part III Ageist Violence 7: Ageist Violence 8: Killing Elders: Keepers of the Past 9: Killing Children: Hope for the Future Part IV Sexual and Gender-Based Violence 10: The Language of Sexual and Gender-Based Symbolic Violence 11: Gendered Shaming and Sexual Violence 12: Sexual Mutilation Part V Spiritual Violence 13: An Introduction to Spiritual Violence 14: Place-Based Spiritual Harm 15: Bodily Spiritual Harm 16: Desecration of the Dead Part VI Conclusion 17: Genocidal Symbolic Violence and Social Death

Erin Jessee is Senior Lecturer in History at the University of Glasgow in Scotland, where she works across the War Studies, Gender History, and Global History research clusters. She is an oral historian and genocide scholar with particular interest in Rwanda and Bosnia, as well as the ethics of qualitative research with conflict-affected communities. Her work has been published in Medical History, Memory Studies, The Oral History Review, and History in Africa. She serves on the editorial boards for the Journal of Perpetrator Research, The Oral History Review, and the Oxford Oral History Series.Annie Pohlman teaches Indonesian at The University of Queensland. Her research interests include Indonesian history, comparative genocide studies, torture, gendered experiences of mass violence, and oral testimony. She is the author of Women, Sexual Violence and the Indonesian Killings of 1965-66 (2015) and the editor of several volumes on genocide studies, Asian history, andtraumatic narrative. Her work is grounded in human rights activism, and she works closely with community partners in Indonesia to document state-sponsored atrocities.

08/12/2025

• Part I Introduction 1: Genocide, Symbolic Violence, and Social Death 2: Oral History in the Aftermath of Genocide 3: Historical Context: The Genocides in Indonesia, Bosnia, and Rwanda Part II Heritage Violence 4: Framing Heritage Violence 5: Tangible Heritage 6: Intangible Heritage Part III Ageist Violence 7: Ageist Violence 8: Killing Elders: Keepers of the Past 9: Killing Children: Hope for the Future Part IV Sexual and Gender-Based Violence 10: The Language of Sexual and Gender-Based Symbolic Violence 11: Gendered Shaming and Sexual Violence 12: Sexual Mutilation Part V Spiritual Violence 13: An Introduction to Spiritual Violence 14: Place-Based Spiritual Harm 15: Bodily Spiritual Harm 16: Desecration of the Dead Part VI Conclusion 17: Genocidal Symbolic Violence and Social Death

Erin Jessee is Senior Lecturer in History at the University of Glasgow in Scotland, where she works across the War Studies, Gender History, and Global History research clusters. She is an oral historian and genocide scholar with particular interest in Rwanda and Bosnia, as well as the ethics of qualitative research with conflict-affected communities. Her work has been published in Medical History, Memory Studies, The Oral History Review, and History in Africa. She serves on the editorial boards for the Journal of Perpetrator Research, The Oral History Review, and the Oxford Oral History Series.Annie Pohlman teaches Indonesian at The University of Queensland. Her research interests include Indonesian history, comparative genocide studies, torture, gendered experiences of mass violence, and oral testimony. She is the author of Women, Sexual Violence and the Indonesian Killings of 1965-66 (2015) and the editor of several volumes on genocide studies, Asian history, andtraumatic narrative. Her work is grounded in human rights activism, and she works closely with community partners in Indonesia to document state-sponsored atrocities.

08/12/2025

• Part I Introduction 1: Genocide, Symbolic Violence, and Social Death 2: Oral History in the Aftermath of Genocide 3: Historical Context: The Genocides in Indonesia, Bosnia, and Rwanda Part II Heritage Violence 4: Framing Heritage Violence 5: Tangible Heritage 6: Intangible Heritage Part III Ageist Violence 7: Ageist Violence 8: Killing Elders: Keepers of the Past 9: Killing Children: Hope for the Future Part IV Sexual and Gender-Based Violence 10: The Language of Sexual and Gender-Based Symbolic Violence 11: Gendered Shaming and Sexual Violence 12: Sexual Mutilation Part V Spiritual Violence 13: An Introduction to Spiritual Violence 14: Place-Based Spiritual Harm 15: Bodily Spiritual Harm 16: Desecration of the Dead Part VI Conclusion 17: Genocidal Symbolic Violence and Social Death