Glenn and Susan Toole combine their years of experience writing for A Level Biology. They are well-known names in the A Level Biology authoring market, for bringing Biology to life in a clear and accessible way. They have authored many successful Biology books, including the market-leading student books to support AQA's previous specification. They have also contributed to AQA-endorsed GCSE Science resources. Glenn is former Vice Principal of Pendleton Sixth FormCollege, Salford, and Susan is Head of Biology at Hulme Grammar Schools, Oldham.

"If I had to write the perfect A Level Biology textbook - then this would be it! This is exactly what I want in a textbook, laid out in the right way, delivered in the right way. Love it"

• 1 Biological molecules 1.1: Introduction to biological molecules 1.2: Carbohydrates and monosaccharides 1.3: Carbohydrates - disaccharides and polysaccharides 1.4: Starch, glycogen and cellulose 1.5: Lipids 1.6: Proteins 1.7: Enzyme action 1.8: Factors affecting enzyme action 1.9: Enzyme inhibition 2 Nucleic acids 2.1: Structure of RNA and DNA 2.2: DNA replication 2.3: Energy and ATP 2.4: Water and its functions 3 Cell structure 3.1: Methods of studying cells 3.2: The electron microscope 3.3: Microscopic measurements and calculations 3.4: Eukaryotic cell structure 3.5: Cell specialisation and organisation 3.6: Prokaryotic cells and viruses 3.7: Mitosis 3.8: The cell cycle 4 Transport across cell membranes 4.1: Structure of the cell surface membrane 4.2: Diffusion 4.3: Osmosis 4.4: Active transport 4.5: Co-transport and absorption of glucose in the ileum 5 Cell recognition and the immune system 5.1: Defence mechanisms 5.2: Phagocytosis 5.3: T Lymphocytes and cell mediated immunity 5.4: B Lymphocytes and humoral immunity 5.5: Antibodies 5.6: Vaccination 5.7: Human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] 6 Exchange 6.1: Exchange between organisms and their environment 6.2: Gas exchange in single-celled organisms and insects 6.3: Gas exchange in fish 6.4: Gas exchange in the leaf of a plant 6.5: Limiting water loss 6.6: Structure of the human gas-exchange system 6.7: The mechanism of breathing 6.8: Exchange of gases in the lungs 6.9: Enzymes and digestion 6.10: Absorption of the products of digestion 7 Mass transport 7.1: Haemoglobin 7.2: Transport of oxygen by haemoglobin 7.3: Circulatory system of a mammal 7.4: The structure of the heart 7.5: The cardiac cycle 7.6: Blood vessels and their functions 7.7: Transport of water in the xylem 7.8: Transport of organic molecules in the phloem 7.9: Investigating transport in plants 8 DNA, genes and protein synthesis 8.1: Genes and the triplet code 8.2: DNA and chromosomes 8.3: The structure of ribonucleic acid 8.4: Protein synthesis - transcription and splicing 8.5: Protein synthesis - translation 9 Genetic diversity 9.1: Mutations 9.2: Meiosis and genetic variation 9.3: Genetic diversity and adaptation 9.4: Types of selection 10 Biodiversity 1.1: Species and taxonomy 1.2: Diversity within a community 1.3: Species diversity and human activity 1.4: Investigating diversity 1.5: Quantitative investigations of variations Skills in A Level Biology Mathematical skills Practical skills

Glenn and Susan Toole combine their years of experience writing for A Level Biology. They are well-known names in the A Level Biology authoring market, for bringing Biology to life in a clear and accessible way. They have authored many successful Biology books, including the market-leading student books to support AQA's previous specification. They have also contributed to AQA-endorsed GCSE Science resources. Glenn is former Vice Principal of Pendleton Sixth FormCollege, Salford, and Susan is Head of Biology at Hulme Grammar Schools, Oldham.

"If I had to write the perfect A Level Biology textbook - then this would be it! This is exactly what I want in a textbook, laid out in the right way, delivered in the right way. Love it"

• 1 Biological molecules 1.1: Introduction to biological molecules 1.2: Carbohydrates and monosaccharides 1.3: Carbohydrates - disaccharides and polysaccharides 1.4: Starch, glycogen and cellulose 1.5: Lipids 1.6: Proteins 1.7: Enzyme action 1.8: Factors affecting enzyme action 1.9: Enzyme inhibition 2 Nucleic acids 2.1: Structure of RNA and DNA 2.2: DNA replication 2.3: Energy and ATP 2.4: Water and its functions 3 Cell structure 3.1: Methods of studying cells 3.2: The electron microscope 3.3: Microscopic measurements and calculations 3.4: Eukaryotic cell structure 3.5: Cell specialisation and organisation 3.6: Prokaryotic cells and viruses 3.7: Mitosis 3.8: The cell cycle 4 Transport across cell membranes 4.1: Structure of the cell surface membrane 4.2: Diffusion 4.3: Osmosis 4.4: Active transport 4.5: Co-transport and absorption of glucose in the ileum 5 Cell recognition and the immune system 5.1: Defence mechanisms 5.2: Phagocytosis 5.3: T Lymphocytes and cell mediated immunity 5.4: B Lymphocytes and humoral immunity 5.5: Antibodies 5.6: Vaccination 5.7: Human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] 6 Exchange 6.1: Exchange between organisms and their environment 6.2: Gas exchange in single-celled organisms and insects 6.3: Gas exchange in fish 6.4: Gas exchange in the leaf of a plant 6.5: Limiting water loss 6.6: Structure of the human gas-exchange system 6.7: The mechanism of breathing 6.8: Exchange of gases in the lungs 6.9: Enzymes and digestion 6.10: Absorption of the products of digestion 7 Mass transport 7.1: Haemoglobin 7.2: Transport of oxygen by haemoglobin 7.3: Circulatory system of a mammal 7.4: The structure of the heart 7.5: The cardiac cycle 7.6: Blood vessels and their functions 7.7: Transport of water in the xylem 7.8: Transport of organic molecules in the phloem 7.9: Investigating transport in plants 8 DNA, genes and protein synthesis 8.1: Genes and the triplet code 8.2: DNA and chromosomes 8.3: The structure of ribonucleic acid 8.4: Protein synthesis - transcription and splicing 8.5: Protein synthesis - translation 9 Genetic diversity 9.1: Mutations 9.2: Meiosis and genetic variation 9.3: Genetic diversity and adaptation 9.4: Types of selection 10 Biodiversity 1.1: Species and taxonomy 1.2: Diversity within a community 1.3: Species diversity and human activity 1.4: Investigating diversity 1.5: Quantitative investigations of variations Skills in A Level Biology Mathematical skills Practical skills

Glenn and Susan Toole combine their years of experience writing for A Level Biology. They are well-known names in the A Level Biology authoring market, for bringing Biology to life in a clear and accessible way. They have authored many successful Biology books, including the market-leading student books to support AQA's previous specification. They have also contributed to AQA-endorsed GCSE Science resources. Glenn is former Vice Principal of Pendleton Sixth FormCollege, Salford, and Susan is Head of Biology at Hulme Grammar Schools, Oldham.

"If I had to write the perfect A Level Biology textbook - then this would be it! This is exactly what I want in a textbook, laid out in the right way, delivered in the right way. Love it"

• 1 Biological molecules 1.1: Introduction to biological molecules 1.2: Carbohydrates and monosaccharides 1.3: Carbohydrates - disaccharides and polysaccharides 1.4: Starch, glycogen and cellulose 1.5: Lipids 1.6: Proteins 1.7: Enzyme action 1.8: Factors affecting enzyme action 1.9: Enzyme inhibition 2 Nucleic acids 2.1: Structure of RNA and DNA 2.2: DNA replication 2.3: Energy and ATP 2.4: Water and its functions 3 Cell structure 3.1: Methods of studying cells 3.2: The electron microscope 3.3: Microscopic measurements and calculations 3.4: Eukaryotic cell structure 3.5: Cell specialisation and organisation 3.6: Prokaryotic cells and viruses 3.7: Mitosis 3.8: The cell cycle 4 Transport across cell membranes 4.1: Structure of the cell surface membrane 4.2: Diffusion 4.3: Osmosis 4.4: Active transport 4.5: Co-transport and absorption of glucose in the ileum 5 Cell recognition and the immune system 5.1: Defence mechanisms 5.2: Phagocytosis 5.3: T Lymphocytes and cell mediated immunity 5.4: B Lymphocytes and humoral immunity 5.5: Antibodies 5.6: Vaccination 5.7: Human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] 6 Exchange 6.1: Exchange between organisms and their environment 6.2: Gas exchange in single-celled organisms and insects 6.3: Gas exchange in fish 6.4: Gas exchange in the leaf of a plant 6.5: Limiting water loss 6.6: Structure of the human gas-exchange system 6.7: The mechanism of breathing 6.8: Exchange of gases in the lungs 6.9: Enzymes and digestion 6.10: Absorption of the products of digestion 7 Mass transport 7.1: Haemoglobin 7.2: Transport of oxygen by haemoglobin 7.3: Circulatory system of a mammal 7.4: The structure of the heart 7.5: The cardiac cycle 7.6: Blood vessels and their functions 7.7: Transport of water in the xylem 7.8: Transport of organic molecules in the phloem 7.9: Investigating transport in plants 8 DNA, genes and protein synthesis 8.1: Genes and the triplet code 8.2: DNA and chromosomes 8.3: The structure of ribonucleic acid 8.4: Protein synthesis - transcription and splicing 8.5: Protein synthesis - translation 9 Genetic diversity 9.1: Mutations 9.2: Meiosis and genetic variation 9.3: Genetic diversity and adaptation 9.4: Types of selection 10 Biodiversity 1.1: Species and taxonomy 1.2: Diversity within a community 1.3: Species diversity and human activity 1.4: Investigating diversity 1.5: Quantitative investigations of variations Skills in A Level Biology Mathematical skills Practical skills