Colin Mayer is the Peter Moores Professor of Management Studies at the Saïd Business School at the University of Oxford. He is a Professorial Fellow and Sub-Warden of Wadham College, Oxford and an Honorary Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford and St Anne's College, Oxford. He was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for services to business education and the administration of justice in the economic sphere in the 2017 New Years Honours. Colin Mayer was the first professor at the Saïd Business School, and the first Director of the Oxford Financial Research Centre. He was also previously the Peter Moores Dean of the Business School. He was a Harkness Fellow at Harvard University, a Houblon-Norman Fellow at the BanBank of England, the first Leo Goldschmidt Visiting Professor of Corporate Governance at the Solvay Business School, Université de Bruxelles, and has had visiting positions at Columbia, MIT and Stanford universities.Stefano Micossi is Director General of Assonime, a private business association and think tank active on issues of corporate law and taxation, competition policy, and regulatory affairs. In 2016 he was appointed Honorary Professor of the College of Europe, where he has taught monetary and banking union and internal market matters for over 20 years. He Chairs the LUISS School of European Political Economy and the Scientific Advisory Committee of Confindustria. Stefano Micossi is also Member of the Board of Directors of Cassa Depositi e Prestiti, the Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS), European Issuers (the European Association of Listed Companies), the Institute for International Affairs (IAI) and the International Yehudi Menuhin Foundation. Marco Onado is a Senior Professor at Bocconi University. He was formerly Full Professor of Banking at Modena and then Bologna Universities, Commisssioner of CONSOB, and a columnist for Il Sole-24 Ore. Marco Onado is a memberr of the Scientific Committee of Prometaia, Bologna, a leading research centre for economic forecasts, and a Trustee of the IASB Foundation. He is the author of many publications on banking and financial systems, most recently A Long-Term Approach to Italian Banks' Profitability, and Paradise lost? (with Giuseppe Lusignani) in the Journal of Financial PerspectivesMarco Pagano holds a B.A. in Economics from Cambridge University and a Ph.D. in Economics from MIT. He is Professor of Finance at University of Naples Federico II, where he directs the Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance (CSEF), and is the President of the Einaudi Institute for Economics and Finance (EIEF), Rome. From 2004 to 2011 he was Managing Editor of the Review of Finance. Currently he co-chairs the Advisory Scientific Committee of the European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB). His research focuses on banking, corporate finance and market microstructure, and in 2011 he received an ERC Advanced Grant.Andrea Polo is an Assistant Professor of Finance at Universitat Pompeu Fabra, an Affiliated Professor at the Barcelona GSE, and a CEPR Research Affiliate. He has been an AXA Research Fellow, and a fellow at the Rock Center for Corporate Governance at Stanford University, at the Saïd Business School at Oxford University, and at the Oxford Institute for Global Economic Development. His research interests are in corporate finance, banking and governance. His work has been published in the Review of Financial Studies, the Journal of Financial Economics and the Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis.

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• 1: Colin Mayer, Stefano Micossi, Marco Onado, Marco Pagano, and Andrea Polo: Introduction 2: Immacolata Marino, Brunella Bruno, and Alexandra D'Onofrio: Financial Structure and Corporate Investment in Europe: Evidence from the Crisis Years 3: Marcin Wolski, Francesca Barbiero, Philipp-Bastian Brutscher, Atanas Kolev, and Alexander Popov: Misallocation of Investment in Europe: The Role of Debt Overhang and Credit Market Distress 4: Sergio Schmukler and María Soledad Martinez Pería: Understanding the Use of Long-term Finance in Developing Countries 5: Fabrizio Coricelli and Marco Frigerio: Liquidity Squeeze on SMEs during the Great Recession in Europe: The Role of Trade Credit 6: Brunella Bruno, Immacolata Marino, and Alexandra D'Onofrio: Determinants of Bank Lending in Europe and the US Evidence from Crisis and Post Crisis Years 7: Tim Eisert,Viral V. Acharya, Christian Eufinger, and Christian Hirsch: Same Story, Different Place? Post-Crisis Recapitalization of Banks in Japan and Europe 8: Marco Pagano: The Sovereign-Bank Nexus and the Case for European Safe Bonds 9: Marco Onado, Brunella Bruno, and Giuseppe Lusignani: A Securitisation Scheme for Resolving Europe's Problem Loans 10: Claire Célérier, Thomas Kick, and Steven Ongena: Changes in the Cost of Bank Equity and the Supply of Bank Credit 11: Thomas Hellman, Gilles Duruflé, and Karen Wilson: From Start-up to Scale-up: Examining Public Policies for the Financing of High-Growth Ventures 12: Eric Nowak and Alexander Eisele: Market Innovations for (Non-Bank) Financing of SMEs in Light of Crisis and New Regulation- A Policy Perspective 13: Emanuele Rossi, Paola Bongini, Annalisa Ferrando, and Monica Rossolini: Capital Markets Union and firms' access to external market-based finance: evidence and policy implications from a novel survey-based index 14: Carmine Di Noia, Marcello Bianchi, and Matteo Gargantini: The EU Securities Law Framework for SMEs: Can Firms and Investors Meet? 15: Dario Focarelli: Can Insurance Companies Help More SMEs to Access Capital Markets 16: Xavier Freixas and Marcela Eslava: Public Development Banks: Who to Target and How? 17: Philipp-Bastian Brutscher and Debora Revoltella: Infrastructure Investment in Europe: New Data, market dynamics, policy actions and the role of the European Investment Bank 18: Jose Liberti, Vasso Ioannidou, Thomas Mosk, and Jason Sturgess: Intended and Unintended Consequences of Government Credit Guarantee Programs 19: Andrea Resti, Brunella Bruno, and Giacomo Nocera: Are Risk-Based Capital Requirements Detrimental to Corporate Lending? Evidence from Europe 20: Alberto Giovannini: Information in the Financial System: The Policy Challenge 21: Enrique Benito, Albert Banal-Estanol, and Dmitry Khametshin: Asset encumbrance in European Banks: First Evidence 22: Andrea Polo and Jose Luis Peydro and Enrico Sette: Securities Trading and Lending in Banks

Colin Mayer is the Peter Moores Professor of Management Studies at the Saïd Business School at the University of Oxford. He is a Professorial Fellow and Sub-Warden of Wadham College, Oxford and an Honorary Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford and St Anne's College, Oxford. He was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for services to business education and the administration of justice in the economic sphere in the 2017 New Years Honours. Colin Mayer was the first professor at the Saïd Business School, and the first Director of the Oxford Financial Research Centre. He was also previously the Peter Moores Dean of the Business School. He was a Harkness Fellow at Harvard University, a Houblon-Norman Fellow at the BanBank of England, the first Leo Goldschmidt Visiting Professor of Corporate Governance at the Solvay Business School, Université de Bruxelles, and has had visiting positions at Columbia, MIT and Stanford universities.Stefano Micossi is Director General of Assonime, a private business association and think tank active on issues of corporate law and taxation, competition policy, and regulatory affairs. In 2016 he was appointed Honorary Professor of the College of Europe, where he has taught monetary and banking union and internal market matters for over 20 years. He Chairs the LUISS School of European Political Economy and the Scientific Advisory Committee of Confindustria. Stefano Micossi is also Member of the Board of Directors of Cassa Depositi e Prestiti, the Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS), European Issuers (the European Association of Listed Companies), the Institute for International Affairs (IAI) and the International Yehudi Menuhin Foundation. Marco Onado is a Senior Professor at Bocconi University. He was formerly Full Professor of Banking at Modena and then Bologna Universities, Commisssioner of CONSOB, and a columnist for Il Sole-24 Ore. Marco Onado is a memberr of the Scientific Committee of Prometaia, Bologna, a leading research centre for economic forecasts, and a Trustee of the IASB Foundation. He is the author of many publications on banking and financial systems, most recently A Long-Term Approach to Italian Banks' Profitability, and Paradise lost? (with Giuseppe Lusignani) in the Journal of Financial PerspectivesMarco Pagano holds a B.A. in Economics from Cambridge University and a Ph.D. in Economics from MIT. He is Professor of Finance at University of Naples Federico II, where he directs the Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance (CSEF), and is the President of the Einaudi Institute for Economics and Finance (EIEF), Rome. From 2004 to 2011 he was Managing Editor of the Review of Finance. Currently he co-chairs the Advisory Scientific Committee of the European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB). His research focuses on banking, corporate finance and market microstructure, and in 2011 he received an ERC Advanced Grant.Andrea Polo is an Assistant Professor of Finance at Universitat Pompeu Fabra, an Affiliated Professor at the Barcelona GSE, and a CEPR Research Affiliate. He has been an AXA Research Fellow, and a fellow at the Rock Center for Corporate Governance at Stanford University, at the Saïd Business School at Oxford University, and at the Oxford Institute for Global Economic Development. His research interests are in corporate finance, banking and governance. His work has been published in the Review of Financial Studies, the Journal of Financial Economics and the Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis.

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• 1: Colin Mayer, Stefano Micossi, Marco Onado, Marco Pagano, and Andrea Polo: Introduction 2: Immacolata Marino, Brunella Bruno, and Alexandra D'Onofrio: Financial Structure and Corporate Investment in Europe: Evidence from the Crisis Years 3: Marcin Wolski, Francesca Barbiero, Philipp-Bastian Brutscher, Atanas Kolev, and Alexander Popov: Misallocation of Investment in Europe: The Role of Debt Overhang and Credit Market Distress 4: Sergio Schmukler and María Soledad Martinez Pería: Understanding the Use of Long-term Finance in Developing Countries 5: Fabrizio Coricelli and Marco Frigerio: Liquidity Squeeze on SMEs during the Great Recession in Europe: The Role of Trade Credit 6: Brunella Bruno, Immacolata Marino, and Alexandra D'Onofrio: Determinants of Bank Lending in Europe and the US Evidence from Crisis and Post Crisis Years 7: Tim Eisert,Viral V. Acharya, Christian Eufinger, and Christian Hirsch: Same Story, Different Place? Post-Crisis Recapitalization of Banks in Japan and Europe 8: Marco Pagano: The Sovereign-Bank Nexus and the Case for European Safe Bonds 9: Marco Onado, Brunella Bruno, and Giuseppe Lusignani: A Securitisation Scheme for Resolving Europe's Problem Loans 10: Claire Célérier, Thomas Kick, and Steven Ongena: Changes in the Cost of Bank Equity and the Supply of Bank Credit 11: Thomas Hellman, Gilles Duruflé, and Karen Wilson: From Start-up to Scale-up: Examining Public Policies for the Financing of High-Growth Ventures 12: Eric Nowak and Alexander Eisele: Market Innovations for (Non-Bank) Financing of SMEs in Light of Crisis and New Regulation- A Policy Perspective 13: Emanuele Rossi, Paola Bongini, Annalisa Ferrando, and Monica Rossolini: Capital Markets Union and firms' access to external market-based finance: evidence and policy implications from a novel survey-based index 14: Carmine Di Noia, Marcello Bianchi, and Matteo Gargantini: The EU Securities Law Framework for SMEs: Can Firms and Investors Meet? 15: Dario Focarelli: Can Insurance Companies Help More SMEs to Access Capital Markets 16: Xavier Freixas and Marcela Eslava: Public Development Banks: Who to Target and How? 17: Philipp-Bastian Brutscher and Debora Revoltella: Infrastructure Investment in Europe: New Data, market dynamics, policy actions and the role of the European Investment Bank 18: Jose Liberti, Vasso Ioannidou, Thomas Mosk, and Jason Sturgess: Intended and Unintended Consequences of Government Credit Guarantee Programs 19: Andrea Resti, Brunella Bruno, and Giacomo Nocera: Are Risk-Based Capital Requirements Detrimental to Corporate Lending? Evidence from Europe 20: Alberto Giovannini: Information in the Financial System: The Policy Challenge 21: Enrique Benito, Albert Banal-Estanol, and Dmitry Khametshin: Asset encumbrance in European Banks: First Evidence 22: Andrea Polo and Jose Luis Peydro and Enrico Sette: Securities Trading and Lending in Banks

Colin Mayer is the Peter Moores Professor of Management Studies at the Saïd Business School at the University of Oxford. He is a Professorial Fellow and Sub-Warden of Wadham College, Oxford and an Honorary Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford and St Anne's College, Oxford. He was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for services to business education and the administration of justice in the economic sphere in the 2017 New Years Honours. Colin Mayer was the first professor at the Saïd Business School, and the first Director of the Oxford Financial Research Centre. He was also previously the Peter Moores Dean of the Business School. He was a Harkness Fellow at Harvard University, a Houblon-Norman Fellow at the BanBank of England, the first Leo Goldschmidt Visiting Professor of Corporate Governance at the Solvay Business School, Université de Bruxelles, and has had visiting positions at Columbia, MIT and Stanford universities.Stefano Micossi is Director General of Assonime, a private business association and think tank active on issues of corporate law and taxation, competition policy, and regulatory affairs. In 2016 he was appointed Honorary Professor of the College of Europe, where he has taught monetary and banking union and internal market matters for over 20 years. He Chairs the LUISS School of European Political Economy and the Scientific Advisory Committee of Confindustria. Stefano Micossi is also Member of the Board of Directors of Cassa Depositi e Prestiti, the Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS), European Issuers (the European Association of Listed Companies), the Institute for International Affairs (IAI) and the International Yehudi Menuhin Foundation. Marco Onado is a Senior Professor at Bocconi University. He was formerly Full Professor of Banking at Modena and then Bologna Universities, Commisssioner of CONSOB, and a columnist for Il Sole-24 Ore. Marco Onado is a memberr of the Scientific Committee of Prometaia, Bologna, a leading research centre for economic forecasts, and a Trustee of the IASB Foundation. He is the author of many publications on banking and financial systems, most recently A Long-Term Approach to Italian Banks' Profitability, and Paradise lost? (with Giuseppe Lusignani) in the Journal of Financial PerspectivesMarco Pagano holds a B.A. in Economics from Cambridge University and a Ph.D. in Economics from MIT. He is Professor of Finance at University of Naples Federico II, where he directs the Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance (CSEF), and is the President of the Einaudi Institute for Economics and Finance (EIEF), Rome. From 2004 to 2011 he was Managing Editor of the Review of Finance. Currently he co-chairs the Advisory Scientific Committee of the European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB). His research focuses on banking, corporate finance and market microstructure, and in 2011 he received an ERC Advanced Grant.Andrea Polo is an Assistant Professor of Finance at Universitat Pompeu Fabra, an Affiliated Professor at the Barcelona GSE, and a CEPR Research Affiliate. He has been an AXA Research Fellow, and a fellow at the Rock Center for Corporate Governance at Stanford University, at the Saïd Business School at Oxford University, and at the Oxford Institute for Global Economic Development. His research interests are in corporate finance, banking and governance. His work has been published in the Review of Financial Studies, the Journal of Financial Economics and the Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis.

Select Guide Rating

• 1: Colin Mayer, Stefano Micossi, Marco Onado, Marco Pagano, and Andrea Polo: Introduction 2: Immacolata Marino, Brunella Bruno, and Alexandra D'Onofrio: Financial Structure and Corporate Investment in Europe: Evidence from the Crisis Years 3: Marcin Wolski, Francesca Barbiero, Philipp-Bastian Brutscher, Atanas Kolev, and Alexander Popov: Misallocation of Investment in Europe: The Role of Debt Overhang and Credit Market Distress 4: Sergio Schmukler and María Soledad Martinez Pería: Understanding the Use of Long-term Finance in Developing Countries 5: Fabrizio Coricelli and Marco Frigerio: Liquidity Squeeze on SMEs during the Great Recession in Europe: The Role of Trade Credit 6: Brunella Bruno, Immacolata Marino, and Alexandra D'Onofrio: Determinants of Bank Lending in Europe and the US Evidence from Crisis and Post Crisis Years 7: Tim Eisert,Viral V. Acharya, Christian Eufinger, and Christian Hirsch: Same Story, Different Place? Post-Crisis Recapitalization of Banks in Japan and Europe 8: Marco Pagano: The Sovereign-Bank Nexus and the Case for European Safe Bonds 9: Marco Onado, Brunella Bruno, and Giuseppe Lusignani: A Securitisation Scheme for Resolving Europe's Problem Loans 10: Claire Célérier, Thomas Kick, and Steven Ongena: Changes in the Cost of Bank Equity and the Supply of Bank Credit 11: Thomas Hellman, Gilles Duruflé, and Karen Wilson: From Start-up to Scale-up: Examining Public Policies for the Financing of High-Growth Ventures 12: Eric Nowak and Alexander Eisele: Market Innovations for (Non-Bank) Financing of SMEs in Light of Crisis and New Regulation- A Policy Perspective 13: Emanuele Rossi, Paola Bongini, Annalisa Ferrando, and Monica Rossolini: Capital Markets Union and firms' access to external market-based finance: evidence and policy implications from a novel survey-based index 14: Carmine Di Noia, Marcello Bianchi, and Matteo Gargantini: The EU Securities Law Framework for SMEs: Can Firms and Investors Meet? 15: Dario Focarelli: Can Insurance Companies Help More SMEs to Access Capital Markets 16: Xavier Freixas and Marcela Eslava: Public Development Banks: Who to Target and How? 17: Philipp-Bastian Brutscher and Debora Revoltella: Infrastructure Investment in Europe: New Data, market dynamics, policy actions and the role of the European Investment Bank 18: Jose Liberti, Vasso Ioannidou, Thomas Mosk, and Jason Sturgess: Intended and Unintended Consequences of Government Credit Guarantee Programs 19: Andrea Resti, Brunella Bruno, and Giacomo Nocera: Are Risk-Based Capital Requirements Detrimental to Corporate Lending? Evidence from Europe 20: Alberto Giovannini: Information in the Financial System: The Policy Challenge 21: Enrique Benito, Albert Banal-Estanol, and Dmitry Khametshin: Asset encumbrance in European Banks: First Evidence 22: Andrea Polo and Jose Luis Peydro and Enrico Sette: Securities Trading and Lending in Banks