Dr Ka Lok Yip's academic research straddles international law, social theory, and empirical studies in armed conflict and post-conflict settings. Dr Yip earned an interdisciplinary PhD in international law and international relations from the Geneva-based Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. She also received a Bachelor of Civil Law degree from the University of Oxford and a Bachelor of Laws degree from King's College London. Besides academia, Dr Yip is an experienced international lawyer who has been actively involved in peace and justice initiatives in the Middle East.

Ka Lok Yip's monograph is an important contribution to the scholarly literature on international law, human rights, global studies, and social theory. I hope this book inspires more scholars to analyze other conceptions of justice and moral responsibility in the context of war.

• General Introduction Chapter 1: The Legality of the Use of Force against Individuals in War Description of a Difficulty I. Introduction II. Legal Norms Relevant to the Use of Force against Individuals in War III. Jurisprudence on the Relationship among Different Legal Norms Relevant to the Use of Force against Individuals in War IV. Key Approaches to the Relationship among Different Legal Norms Relevant to the Use of Force against Individuals in War V. Conclusion Chapter 2: Six Concepts of Legality and their Disambiguation I. Introduction II. Vertical Legality III. Horizontal Legality IV. De-conflation of Different Concepts of Legality V. Conclusion Chapter 3: Verticalizing and Horizontalizing the Notion of Legality under International Human Rights Law I. Introduction II. The Layered Nature of Legality under IHRL for the Right to Life and the Right to Liberty III. The Dimension of Vertical Legality under IHRL IV. The Dimension of Horizontal Legality under IHRL V. Conclusion Chapter 4: Subjectivising and Objectivising the Legal Techniques for Establishing the Relationship among International Legal Norms I. Introduction II. Justifications for and Limits to the Use of Legal Techniques III. Applying Lex Specialis to Establish the Relationship among Different Laws on the Use of Force against Individuals in War IV. Applying Systemic Integration to Establish the Relationship among Different Laws on the Use of Force against Individuals in War V. Conclusion Chapter 5: Ontologising the Laws on the Use of Force against Individuals in War I. Introduction II. Social Ontology III. The Ontological Presuppositions of LOAC and IHRL IV. Three Patterns of Ontological Conflation V. Conclusion Chapter 6: Agents and Structures in the Field of Via Dolorosa I. Introduction II. Effects of Social Structures on the Practices of the Use of Force against Individuals in War III. Effects of Human Agency on the Practices of the Use of Force in Armed Conflict and Occupation IV. Convergence of Laws, Conflation of Ontologies V. Conclusion General Conclusion Theoretical Implications Methodological implications Practical Implications

Dr Ka Lok Yip's academic research straddles international law, social theory, and empirical studies in armed conflict and post-conflict settings. Dr Yip earned an interdisciplinary PhD in international law and international relations from the Geneva-based Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. She also received a Bachelor of Civil Law degree from the University of Oxford and a Bachelor of Laws degree from King's College London. Besides academia, Dr Yip is an experienced international lawyer who has been actively involved in peace and justice initiatives in the Middle East.

Ka Lok Yip's monograph is an important contribution to the scholarly literature on international law, human rights, global studies, and social theory. I hope this book inspires more scholars to analyze other conceptions of justice and moral responsibility in the context of war.

• General Introduction Chapter 1: The Legality of the Use of Force against Individuals in War Description of a Difficulty I. Introduction II. Legal Norms Relevant to the Use of Force against Individuals in War III. Jurisprudence on the Relationship among Different Legal Norms Relevant to the Use of Force against Individuals in War IV. Key Approaches to the Relationship among Different Legal Norms Relevant to the Use of Force against Individuals in War V. Conclusion Chapter 2: Six Concepts of Legality and their Disambiguation I. Introduction II. Vertical Legality III. Horizontal Legality IV. De-conflation of Different Concepts of Legality V. Conclusion Chapter 3: Verticalizing and Horizontalizing the Notion of Legality under International Human Rights Law I. Introduction II. The Layered Nature of Legality under IHRL for the Right to Life and the Right to Liberty III. The Dimension of Vertical Legality under IHRL IV. The Dimension of Horizontal Legality under IHRL V. Conclusion Chapter 4: Subjectivising and Objectivising the Legal Techniques for Establishing the Relationship among International Legal Norms I. Introduction II. Justifications for and Limits to the Use of Legal Techniques III. Applying Lex Specialis to Establish the Relationship among Different Laws on the Use of Force against Individuals in War IV. Applying Systemic Integration to Establish the Relationship among Different Laws on the Use of Force against Individuals in War V. Conclusion Chapter 5: Ontologising the Laws on the Use of Force against Individuals in War I. Introduction II. Social Ontology III. The Ontological Presuppositions of LOAC and IHRL IV. Three Patterns of Ontological Conflation V. Conclusion Chapter 6: Agents and Structures in the Field of Via Dolorosa I. Introduction II. Effects of Social Structures on the Practices of the Use of Force against Individuals in War III. Effects of Human Agency on the Practices of the Use of Force in Armed Conflict and Occupation IV. Convergence of Laws, Conflation of Ontologies V. Conclusion General Conclusion Theoretical Implications Methodological implications Practical Implications

Dr Ka Lok Yip's academic research straddles international law, social theory, and empirical studies in armed conflict and post-conflict settings. Dr Yip earned an interdisciplinary PhD in international law and international relations from the Geneva-based Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. She also received a Bachelor of Civil Law degree from the University of Oxford and a Bachelor of Laws degree from King's College London. Besides academia, Dr Yip is an experienced international lawyer who has been actively involved in peace and justice initiatives in the Middle East.

Ka Lok Yip's monograph is an important contribution to the scholarly literature on international law, human rights, global studies, and social theory. I hope this book inspires more scholars to analyze other conceptions of justice and moral responsibility in the context of war.

• General Introduction Chapter 1: The Legality of the Use of Force against Individuals in War Description of a Difficulty I. Introduction II. Legal Norms Relevant to the Use of Force against Individuals in War III. Jurisprudence on the Relationship among Different Legal Norms Relevant to the Use of Force against Individuals in War IV. Key Approaches to the Relationship among Different Legal Norms Relevant to the Use of Force against Individuals in War V. Conclusion Chapter 2: Six Concepts of Legality and their Disambiguation I. Introduction II. Vertical Legality III. Horizontal Legality IV. De-conflation of Different Concepts of Legality V. Conclusion Chapter 3: Verticalizing and Horizontalizing the Notion of Legality under International Human Rights Law I. Introduction II. The Layered Nature of Legality under IHRL for the Right to Life and the Right to Liberty III. The Dimension of Vertical Legality under IHRL IV. The Dimension of Horizontal Legality under IHRL V. Conclusion Chapter 4: Subjectivising and Objectivising the Legal Techniques for Establishing the Relationship among International Legal Norms I. Introduction II. Justifications for and Limits to the Use of Legal Techniques III. Applying Lex Specialis to Establish the Relationship among Different Laws on the Use of Force against Individuals in War IV. Applying Systemic Integration to Establish the Relationship among Different Laws on the Use of Force against Individuals in War V. Conclusion Chapter 5: Ontologising the Laws on the Use of Force against Individuals in War I. Introduction II. Social Ontology III. The Ontological Presuppositions of LOAC and IHRL IV. Three Patterns of Ontological Conflation V. Conclusion Chapter 6: Agents and Structures in the Field of Via Dolorosa I. Introduction II. Effects of Social Structures on the Practices of the Use of Force against Individuals in War III. Effects of Human Agency on the Practices of the Use of Force in Armed Conflict and Occupation IV. Convergence of Laws, Conflation of Ontologies V. Conclusion General Conclusion Theoretical Implications Methodological implications Practical Implications