Andrea S. Aldrich is a lecturer in the Department of Political Science at Yale University where she teaches and researches about women in politics, party politics, and Europe. Her research examines the representation of women, exploring the conditions that encourage women's political leadership, the consequences of women in power within political parties, and legislative institutions. She obtained her PhD from the University of Pittsburgh.William T. Daniel is Associate Professor in Comparative Politics at the School of Politics and International Relations, University of Nottingham (UK). He teaches and researches in legislative and party politics, with a particular interest in political careers and representation in Europe. Prior to this, Daniel was Assistant Professor of Political Science at Francis Marion University in South Carolina (USA). He obtained his PhD from the University of Pittsburgh.

• Preface Acknowledgements List of Figures List of Appendices Figures List of Tables List of Appendices Tables 1: Introduction 2: A Theory of Gender Quotas as Positive Disruptors for Political Careers 3: Women, Men, and the History of Gender Quotas in European Elections 4: Deep and Wide: Quota Implementation and the Candidate Pool in European Elections 5: Gender Quota Adoption and the Qualifications of Parliamentarians 6: Quotas and Career Progression across Multiple Levels of Elected Office 7: Internal Advancement and the European Party Groups 8: Conclusion: It's Improving Faster List of Interviews Appendix Additional Data and Methodology Resources References Index

Andrea S. Aldrich is a lecturer in the Department of Political Science at Yale University where she teaches and researches about women in politics, party politics, and Europe. Her research examines the representation of women, exploring the conditions that encourage women's political leadership, the consequences of women in power within political parties, and legislative institutions. She obtained her PhD from the University of Pittsburgh.William T. Daniel is Associate Professor in Comparative Politics at the School of Politics and International Relations, University of Nottingham (UK). He teaches and researches in legislative and party politics, with a particular interest in political careers and representation in Europe. Prior to this, Daniel was Assistant Professor of Political Science at Francis Marion University in South Carolina (USA). He obtained his PhD from the University of Pittsburgh.

• Preface Acknowledgements List of Figures List of Appendices Figures List of Tables List of Appendices Tables 1: Introduction 2: A Theory of Gender Quotas as Positive Disruptors for Political Careers 3: Women, Men, and the History of Gender Quotas in European Elections 4: Deep and Wide: Quota Implementation and the Candidate Pool in European Elections 5: Gender Quota Adoption and the Qualifications of Parliamentarians 6: Quotas and Career Progression across Multiple Levels of Elected Office 7: Internal Advancement and the European Party Groups 8: Conclusion: It's Improving Faster List of Interviews Appendix Additional Data and Methodology Resources References Index

Andrea S. Aldrich is a lecturer in the Department of Political Science at Yale University where she teaches and researches about women in politics, party politics, and Europe. Her research examines the representation of women, exploring the conditions that encourage women's political leadership, the consequences of women in power within political parties, and legislative institutions. She obtained her PhD from the University of Pittsburgh.William T. Daniel is Associate Professor in Comparative Politics at the School of Politics and International Relations, University of Nottingham (UK). He teaches and researches in legislative and party politics, with a particular interest in political careers and representation in Europe. Prior to this, Daniel was Assistant Professor of Political Science at Francis Marion University in South Carolina (USA). He obtained his PhD from the University of Pittsburgh.

• Preface Acknowledgements List of Figures List of Appendices Figures List of Tables List of Appendices Tables 1: Introduction 2: A Theory of Gender Quotas as Positive Disruptors for Political Careers 3: Women, Men, and the History of Gender Quotas in European Elections 4: Deep and Wide: Quota Implementation and the Candidate Pool in European Elections 5: Gender Quota Adoption and the Qualifications of Parliamentarians 6: Quotas and Career Progression across Multiple Levels of Elected Office 7: Internal Advancement and the European Party Groups 8: Conclusion: It's Improving Faster List of Interviews Appendix Additional Data and Methodology Resources References Index