Henry Chadwick is Emeritus Regius Professor of Divinity, University of Cambridge

the presentation is rich, with unexpected and judicious detail, and informed by a wide-ranging knowledge that would not be typically expected from a specialist in the early Church...it is undoubtedly a work of great significance, Chadwick continues to put us all in his debt.

• 1. Introduction ; 2. EarlyChristian Diversity: The Quest for Coherence ; 3. The Roots of Diversity: Differences in Theology ; 4. Differences in Theology ; 5. Emperor Theodosius: Council of Constantinople (381) ; 6. Augustine: Filioque ; 7. Constantinople's Growing Power: Socrates the Historian ; 8. The Unity of Christ: Devotion to Mary ; 9. Zeno's Henotikon, Rome's Fury, and the Acacian Schism: Dionysus Exiguus ; 10. Three Chapters: The Fifth Council (553) ; 11. One Energy, One Will ; 12. The Sixth (680-1), Council in Trullo (692) ; 13. Icons ; 14. The Papacy and the Franks ; 15. Aachen as Third Rome: Caroline Books; Filioque; Eriugena ; 16. Pope Nicolas I ; 17. Hincmar of Reims ; 18. Jurisdiciton: Illyricum, Bulgars. Paulicans ; 19. Pope Nicolas' Advice to the Bulgar Khan. Rome's Saturday Fast ; 20. Problems at Constantinople: Patriarch Ignatius ; 21. Photius ; 22. Pope Nicolas I Supports Ignatius ; 23. Ignatius' Retrial: Nicolas Excommunicates Photius ; 24. Deterioration in Relations ; 25. The Case Against the Latins: Photius Mystagogia ; 26. Photius' Break with Nicolas: Nicolas Invokes Hincmar's Help: Basil the Macedonian: Photius Desposed ; 27. Basil I: Ignatius Restored. The Synod of 869: Pope Hadrian II ; 28. Photius Restored. Pope John VIII. The Council of 879 ; 29. The Emperor Leo VI the Wise: Photius Deposed ; 30. Greek Critics of Photius: Photius Honours Ignatius' Memory ; 31. Liudprand of Cremona in Constantinople ; 32. The Normans in the South: Cardinal Humbert: Council of Rome (1059): Unleavened Bread ; 33. Pope Leo IX's Legation to Constantinople (1054); Humbert and Cerularius ; 34. Peter Damian: Gregory VII; Theophylact of Ochrid ; 35. Pope Urban II: Anselm of Canterbury at Bari ; 36. Anselm of Havelberg ; 37. Crusades: Fall of Constantinople (1204-5): Innocent III: Balsamon ; 38. East-West Debates at Nicaea and Nymphaion ; 39. Purgatory ; 40. Michael Palaeologus' Renewed Quest for Unity: Pope Gregory X: Council of Lyon: Bekkos ; 41. Councils of Basel and Ferrara / Florence: Pope Eugenius IV ; Epilogue

Henry Chadwick is Emeritus Regius Professor of Divinity, University of Cambridge

the presentation is rich, with unexpected and judicious detail, and informed by a wide-ranging knowledge that would not be typically expected from a specialist in the early Church...it is undoubtedly a work of great significance, Chadwick continues to put us all in his debt.

• 1. Introduction ; 2. EarlyChristian Diversity: The Quest for Coherence ; 3. The Roots of Diversity: Differences in Theology ; 4. Differences in Theology ; 5. Emperor Theodosius: Council of Constantinople (381) ; 6. Augustine: Filioque ; 7. Constantinople's Growing Power: Socrates the Historian ; 8. The Unity of Christ: Devotion to Mary ; 9. Zeno's Henotikon, Rome's Fury, and the Acacian Schism: Dionysus Exiguus ; 10. Three Chapters: The Fifth Council (553) ; 11. One Energy, One Will ; 12. The Sixth (680-1), Council in Trullo (692) ; 13. Icons ; 14. The Papacy and the Franks ; 15. Aachen as Third Rome: Caroline Books; Filioque; Eriugena ; 16. Pope Nicolas I ; 17. Hincmar of Reims ; 18. Jurisdiciton: Illyricum, Bulgars. Paulicans ; 19. Pope Nicolas' Advice to the Bulgar Khan. Rome's Saturday Fast ; 20. Problems at Constantinople: Patriarch Ignatius ; 21. Photius ; 22. Pope Nicolas I Supports Ignatius ; 23. Ignatius' Retrial: Nicolas Excommunicates Photius ; 24. Deterioration in Relations ; 25. The Case Against the Latins: Photius Mystagogia ; 26. Photius' Break with Nicolas: Nicolas Invokes Hincmar's Help: Basil the Macedonian: Photius Desposed ; 27. Basil I: Ignatius Restored. The Synod of 869: Pope Hadrian II ; 28. Photius Restored. Pope John VIII. The Council of 879 ; 29. The Emperor Leo VI the Wise: Photius Deposed ; 30. Greek Critics of Photius: Photius Honours Ignatius' Memory ; 31. Liudprand of Cremona in Constantinople ; 32. The Normans in the South: Cardinal Humbert: Council of Rome (1059): Unleavened Bread ; 33. Pope Leo IX's Legation to Constantinople (1054); Humbert and Cerularius ; 34. Peter Damian: Gregory VII; Theophylact of Ochrid ; 35. Pope Urban II: Anselm of Canterbury at Bari ; 36. Anselm of Havelberg ; 37. Crusades: Fall of Constantinople (1204-5): Innocent III: Balsamon ; 38. East-West Debates at Nicaea and Nymphaion ; 39. Purgatory ; 40. Michael Palaeologus' Renewed Quest for Unity: Pope Gregory X: Council of Lyon: Bekkos ; 41. Councils of Basel and Ferrara / Florence: Pope Eugenius IV ; Epilogue

Henry Chadwick is Emeritus Regius Professor of Divinity, University of Cambridge

the presentation is rich, with unexpected and judicious detail, and informed by a wide-ranging knowledge that would not be typically expected from a specialist in the early Church...it is undoubtedly a work of great significance, Chadwick continues to put us all in his debt.

• 1. Introduction ; 2. EarlyChristian Diversity: The Quest for Coherence ; 3. The Roots of Diversity: Differences in Theology ; 4. Differences in Theology ; 5. Emperor Theodosius: Council of Constantinople (381) ; 6. Augustine: Filioque ; 7. Constantinople's Growing Power: Socrates the Historian ; 8. The Unity of Christ: Devotion to Mary ; 9. Zeno's Henotikon, Rome's Fury, and the Acacian Schism: Dionysus Exiguus ; 10. Three Chapters: The Fifth Council (553) ; 11. One Energy, One Will ; 12. The Sixth (680-1), Council in Trullo (692) ; 13. Icons ; 14. The Papacy and the Franks ; 15. Aachen as Third Rome: Caroline Books; Filioque; Eriugena ; 16. Pope Nicolas I ; 17. Hincmar of Reims ; 18. Jurisdiciton: Illyricum, Bulgars. Paulicans ; 19. Pope Nicolas' Advice to the Bulgar Khan. Rome's Saturday Fast ; 20. Problems at Constantinople: Patriarch Ignatius ; 21. Photius ; 22. Pope Nicolas I Supports Ignatius ; 23. Ignatius' Retrial: Nicolas Excommunicates Photius ; 24. Deterioration in Relations ; 25. The Case Against the Latins: Photius Mystagogia ; 26. Photius' Break with Nicolas: Nicolas Invokes Hincmar's Help: Basil the Macedonian: Photius Desposed ; 27. Basil I: Ignatius Restored. The Synod of 869: Pope Hadrian II ; 28. Photius Restored. Pope John VIII. The Council of 879 ; 29. The Emperor Leo VI the Wise: Photius Deposed ; 30. Greek Critics of Photius: Photius Honours Ignatius' Memory ; 31. Liudprand of Cremona in Constantinople ; 32. The Normans in the South: Cardinal Humbert: Council of Rome (1059): Unleavened Bread ; 33. Pope Leo IX's Legation to Constantinople (1054); Humbert and Cerularius ; 34. Peter Damian: Gregory VII; Theophylact of Ochrid ; 35. Pope Urban II: Anselm of Canterbury at Bari ; 36. Anselm of Havelberg ; 37. Crusades: Fall of Constantinople (1204-5): Innocent III: Balsamon ; 38. East-West Debates at Nicaea and Nymphaion ; 39. Purgatory ; 40. Michael Palaeologus' Renewed Quest for Unity: Pope Gregory X: Council of Lyon: Bekkos ; 41. Councils of Basel and Ferrara / Florence: Pope Eugenius IV ; Epilogue