Revolutions that Made the Earth

Tim Lenton is Professor of Earth System Science at the University of East Anglia. His research focuses on understanding the behaviour of the Earth as a whole system, especially through the development and use of Earth system models. He is particularly interested in how life has reshaped the planet in the past, through a series of revolutions in Earth history, and what lessons we can draw from this as we proceed to reshape the planet now. His recent work identifying the tipping elements in the climate system won the Times Higher Education Award for Research Project of the Year 2008. Tim was also awarded a Philip Leverhulme Prize in 2004, a European Geosciences Union Outstanding Young Scientist Award 2006, the British Association Charles Lyell Award Lecture 2006, and the Geological Society of London William Smith Fund 2008. He is a Fellow of the Geological Society of London (2001) and a Fellow of the Linnean Society of London (2009).Andrew Watson holds a Royal Society Research Professorship at the University of East Anglia. His career has spanned planetary and atmospheric sciences, oceanography and climate, giving him a strong interest in the evolution of the Earth system as a whole. After obtaining a BSc in physics from Imperial College, he investigated the history of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere as a PhD student of James Lovelock. He worked on Nasa's Pioneer Venus space mission at the University of Michigan. Returning to England and the marine research laboratories in Plymouth, he developed a new method of tracing large scale water movements. He became a professor at the University of East Anglia in 1996, was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2003, and became a Royal Society Research Professor in 2009. He holds a number of other fellowships and awards.

Lenton and Watson have written a remarkable and timely book which is both entertaining and impeccably researched from the beginning I felt both engaged and enlightened... With its academic rigour and, at the same time, its accessibility, the authors have clearly succeeded in their aim of writing scholarly popular science. As such, it should inspire us to learn from how the Earth system has evolved in the past and face up to the final question: Are we as yet sufficiently grown up to take responsibility for a whole planet? One thing is for sure: Over the nextcentury we will find out.

• Preface ; PART I - INTRODUCTION ; 1. Origins ; 2. Carbon and oxygen ; 3. Russion dolls ; 4. The revolutions ; PART II - THEORY ; 5. The anthropic Earth ; 6. The critical steps ; 7. Playing Gaia ; PART III - THE OYGEN REVOLUTION ; 8. Photosynthesis ; 9. The trial of the oxygen poisoners ; 10. The great oxidation ; PART IV - THE COMPLEXITY REVOLUTION ; 11. Life gets an upgrade ; 12. When did eukaryotes evolve? ; 13. The not-so-boring billion ; 14. The Neoproterozoic ; PART V - INTERLUDE ; 15. Animals and oxygen ; 16. The grand recycling coalition ; 17. Rolls of the dice ; PART VI - A NEW REVOLUTION? ; 18. Climate wobbles ; 19. The origins of us ; 20. Review ; 21. Where next?