Social Policy and Social Programs

Donald Chambers received his undergraduate degree in Biology and Psychology from Stanford University in 1950, his Masters degree in Social Work from the University of Nebraska in 1952 and his Doctoral degree from Washington University (St. Louis) in 1967. He practiced as a social worker in Nebraska for nine years and was Director of a regional mental health clinic in Pocatello, Idaho for three years before his appointment to the staff of the Mental Health Institute at Clarinda, Iowa. He retired after 27 years as a Professor in the School of Social Welfare at the University of Kansas where he taught social policy courses and evaluation research for many years. He did research at the British Library in London, England, on policy topics, primarily the British Workman's Compensation system and the British tradition of social policy. In various years he was the recipient of Fulbright Research awards for the study of adoption law and administration in Central American countries. He is the author of a book on Evaluation Research as well as on a method for the analysis of Social Policy and Programs. Over the years he published in leading policy journals in both England and the United States.Jane Bonk has a Bachelor of Liberal Arts for St. John’s College, a Masters from the School of Social Services Administration, University of Chicago, and earned a Ph.D. from Jane Addams College of Social Work, University of Illinois at Chicago. She has worked as a practitioner and an administrator for over thirty years in both non-profit and for-profit social welfare organizations in child welfare and mental health. She has taught at the Master’s Level in social work. Currently, she is a Commissioner for the Council on Accreditation (COA) where she has been very active in implementing The Hague Treaty for International Adoption.

"Excellent...really appreciate the clarity in defining terms and providing examples." -Tammie Glenn, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

• Found in this Section: 1. Brief Table of Contents2. Full Table of Contents 1. BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTSPreface PART ONE: CREATING THE CONTEXT FOR SOCIAL POLICY ANALYSIS: THE SOCIAL PROBLEM CONTEXT Chapter 1: Analyzing the Social Problem Background of Social Policies and Social ProgramsPART TWO: A STYLE OF POLICY ANALYSIS FOR THE PRACTICAL PUBLIC POLICY ANALYST Chapter 2: An Overview of a Style of Policy Analysis: A Value-Critical ApproachChapter 3: The Analysis of Policy Goals and Objectives in Social Programs and PoliciesChapter 4: Who Gets What: The Analysis of Types of Benefits and ServicesChapter 5: Who Gets What, How Much, and Under What Conditions: Analysis of Eligibility RulesChapter 6: Analysis of Service-Delivery Systems and Social Policy and Program DesignChapter 7: How Do We Pay for Social Welfare Policies and Programs? Analysis of FinancingChapter 8: Analysis of Interactions among Policy ElementsPART THREE: ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL POLICIES AND SOCIAL PROGRAMS USING BASIC CONCEPTS AND EVALUATION CRITERIA: AN EXAMPLE Chapter 9: An Example of Social Policy and Social Program Analysis: Selected Features of Federal Child Welfare Legislation since 1970 Concerned with Child AbuseNotesPhoto CreditsIndex 2. FULL TABLE OF CONTENTSPreface PART ONE: CREATING THE CONTEXT FOR SOCIAL POLICY ANALYSIS: THE SOCIAL PROBLEM CONTEXT Chapter 1: Analyzing the Social Problem Background of Social Policies and Social Programs The Nature of Social ProblemsSocial Problem AnalysisProblem DefinitionCauses and ConsequencesIdeology and ValuesGainers and LosersUsing the Conclusions of Social Problem Analysis to Design Social Policies and Programs and to Judge Their “Fit” to the Social ProblemSummaryPART TWO: A STYLE OF POLICY ANALYSIS FOR THE PRACTICAL PUBLIC POLICY ANALYST Chapter 2: An Overview of a Style of Policy Analysis: A Value-Critical Approach The Policy and Program Analysis Process: An Overview of the Six Fundamental Policy ElementsCriteria for a Value-Critical Appraisal of Social Policy and ProgramsSummaryChapter 3: The Analysis of Policy Goals and Objectives in Social Programs and Policies IntroductionDefinitions and Basic Concepts for Analysis of Goals and ObjectivesDifferent Types of Goals and ObjectivesLong-Term/Short-Term Goals and ObjectivesGoals Differ from Latent Social FunctionsDistinguishing between Goals and ObjectivesObjectives (Not Goals) Must Contain Target Group Specifications and Performance StandardsWhy Have Both Goals and Objectives?Setting Goals and Objectives in the Personal Social ServicesSocial Control and Program and Practice ObjectivesGoals and Objectives Vary According to the Developmental Stage of the ProgramMethods of Identifying Goals and ObjectivesStep 1: Locate the Enabling LegislationStep 2: Locate Legislative HistoryStep 3: Locate Staff and Committee Studies and ReportsStep 4: Check Other “Official” SourcesLocating Sources for Goals and Objectives in State-Administered and Private Social ProgramsEvaluating Program or Policy System Goals and Objectives: A Value-Critical ApproachEvaluating the Fit between Goals and Objectives and the Social Problem AnalysisEvaluating Goals and Objectives against Traditional Economic Criteria: Adequacy, Equity, and EfficiencyAdequacyEquity With Respect to Goals and ObjectivesEfficiency With Respect to Goals and ObjectivesSome Evaluation Criteria Unique to Goals and ObjectivesClarityMeasurabilityManipulabilityConcern with Outcomes, Not Services ProvidedThe Analyst’s Own Value Perspectives in Evaluating the Merit of Goals and ObjectivesSummaryChapter 4: Who Gets What: The Analysis of Types of Benefits and Services IntroductionA Classification Scheme for Benefit and Service TypesSummary of Types of Benefits and ServicesMultiple and Interrelated BenefitsCriteria for Evaluating the Merit of Benefit and Service TypesStigmatization, Cost-Effectiveness, Substitutability, Target Efficiency, and Trade-OffsThe Political and Public Administration ViewpointCriteria for Evaluating the Merit of Benefit Types: Consumer Sovereignty, Coercion, and IntrusivenessCriteria for Evaluating the Fit of the Benefit/Service Type to the Social Problem AnalysisCriteria for Evaluating the Merit of Benefit Forms: Adequacy, Equity, and EfficiencySummaryChapter 5: Who Gets What, How Much, and Under What Conditions: Analysis of Eligibility Rules IntroductionTypes of Eligibility RulesEligibility Rules Based on Prior ContributionsEligibility by Administrative Rule and RegulationEligibility by Private ContractEligibility by Professional DiscretionEligibility by Administrative DiscretionEligibility by Judicial DecisionEligibility by Means TestingEstablishing Attachment to the WorkforceEligibility Inclusion and ExclusionCriteria for Evaluating the Merit of Eligibility RulesFit with the Social Problem AnalysisCriteria Specific to Eligibility RulesTrade-Offs in Evaluating Eligibility RulesOverwhelming Costs, Overutilization, and UnderutilizationWork Disincentives, Incentives, and Eligibility RulesProcreational Incentives, Marital Instability, and Generational DependencyOpportunities for Political Interference via Weak Eligibility RulesSummaryChapter 6: Analysis of Service-Delivery Systems and Social Policy and Program Design IntroductionSocial Policy and Program DesignProgram Theory (The Logic Model)Program SpecificationSome Different Types of Administration and Delivery of Social Service Programs, Benefits, and ServicesCentralized Service-Delivery SystemsClient-Centered Management and “Inverted Hierarchy” Service-Delivery SystemsFederated Service-Delivery OrganizationsCase-Management Service-Delivery SystemsStaffing with Indigenous Workers as a Service-Delivery StrategyReferral Agencies in Delivering Social ServiceProgram Consumer/Beneficiary, Client-Controlled Organizations as a Service-Delivery StrategyRacial, Ethnic, and Religious Agencies as a Service-Delivery StrategyPrivatization of Service DeliveryCriteria for Evaluating Program Administration and Service DeliveryIntroductionServices and Benefits Should Be Integrated and ContinuousServices and Benefits Should Be Easily AccessibleOrganizations Should Be Accountable for Their Actions and DecisionsCitizens and Consumers Should Be Participating in Organizational Decision MakingOrganizations and Their Staff Must Be Able to Relate to Racial, Gender, and Ethnic DiversityOrganizations Must Resist the Temptation to Self-PerpetuateSummaryChapter 7: How Do We Pay for Social Welfare Policies and Programs? Analysis of Financing IntroductionEvaluative Criteria Specific to FinancingChapter 8: Analysis of Interactions among Policy Elements IntroductionCoentitlementDisentitlementContrary EffectsDuplicationSummaryPART THREE: ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL POLICIES AND SOCIAL PROGRAMS USING BASIC CONCEPTS AND EVALUATION CRITERIA: AN EXAMPLE Chapter 9: An Example of Social Policy and Social Program Analysis: Selected Features of Federal Child Welfare Legislation since 1970 Concerned with Child Abuse The Social Problem ContextDefinition of the Social ProblemThe Ideological PerspectiveCausal AnalysisGainers and LosersThe Judicial ContextThe Historical ContextThe Social Program and Policy SystemIntroductionGoals and ObjectivesEligibility RulesForm of Benefit and/or ServiceAdministration and Service DeliveryFinancingInteractions between Basic Policy Elements and between This and Other ProgramsNotesPhoto CreditsIndex