Mª JESUS BELIZÓN is a research assistant in the Department of Managing People in Organizations at IESE Business School. KAY BUNCH is an instructor of management in the J. Mack Robinson College of Business at Georgia State University. SAUL CARLINER is an associate professor of educational technology at Concordia University in Montreal. WEI-WEN CHANG is an associate professor of international human resource development at National Taiwan Normal University.SYLVIE CHEVRIER is an assistant professor of Human Resource Management at the Université de Paris-Est (France). KATHARINA CHUDZIKOWSKI works as research assistant at the Department of Management at the Wirtschaftsuniversitaet Wien (WU Wien), Austria. PETER W. CUNNINGHAM D Phil (UPE), DipSoc (Kent), Accredited Consultant: SAP R/3 Human Resources& Business Information Warehouse (BIW). HoD& Programme Head Sociology& Anthropology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa. LORI P. FANCHER is a partner and owner of C2C Consulting, LLC in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. CAROL D. HANSEN is an associate professor of human resource development at Georgia State University. YIH-TEEN LEE is assistant professor at IESE Business School, University ofNavarra (Spain). SUSAN A. LYNHAM is an Associate Professor in qualitative research methods and organizational performance and change in the School of Education at Colorado State University in the USA, and a Research Associate at the Nelson MandelaMetropolitan University in South Africa. KIMBERLY C. MAGEE is a senior human resource leader in the consumer products industry. She has worked both in the U.S. and abroad. SHEILA L. MARGOLIS is President of the Workplace Culture Institute. She is quoted in newspapers and magazines including The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post and The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. WOLFGANG MAYRHOFER is professor of business administration and holds a chair for management and organizational behavior at WU Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien, Austria. GARY N. MCLEAN is senior professor and executive director of international human resource development programs at Texas A&M University, and former professor and coordinator of human resource development and adult education at the University of Minnesota, St. Paul. FREDRICK M. NAFUKHO is an Associate Professor and program chair for Human Resource Development, Department of Educational Administration and Human Resource Development, College of Education and Human Development at Texas A&M University. JAVIER QUINTANILLA is an Associate Professor at IESE Business School, University of Navarra (Spain). ASTRID REICHEL works as an assistant professor at the Department of Management at the Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration, Austria.ROCÍO SÁNCHEZ-MANGAS is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Economic Analysis: Quantitative Economis at Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain. LOURDESSUSAETA is a researcher in the Department of Managing People in Organizations at IESE Business School, and an Associate Professor of Management at Complutense University of Madrid. AVA S. WILENSKY, PhD. is co-founder of CORE InSites, a management consulting firm specializing in helping organizational leaders leverage their workplace cultures to establish optimum strategic direction, negotiate creative change, and identify and retain valued employees. She serves as an adjunct professor at Georgia State University.

• List of figures List of tables Acknowledgements Preface Anthropology: A Foundation for Human Resource Management; G.N.McLean Go to the People: Using Emic Approaches for Cultural Understanding; W.Chang The Cross-Cultural Transfer of American Models and Myths to Germany and the Côte d`Ivoire; C.Hansen The Cultural Context of Human Resource Development Paradigms in South Africa; S.A.Lynham, F.M.Nafukho  & P.W.Cunningham Empowerment: A Practice Embedded in Cultural Contexts. A Comparison between the United States and France; S.Chevrier HRD in Austria: A Cultural Perspective of Management Development; A.Reichel, W.Mayrhofer  & K.Chudzikowski Malleability in Spain: The Influence of US HRD Models; J.Quintanilla, Mª.J.Belizón, L.Susaeta  & R.Sánchez-Mangas Asian Reversalism: An Alternative Approach to Career Development; Y.Lee  & C.Hanson The Cultural Context of Organizational Identity: How Belief Systems can Frames the Practice and Role of HRD; S.L.Margolis The Cultural Distinct Role of Human Resource Development in Non-Profit Organizations; A.Wilensky Culture Conflicts in Demonstrating the Value of HRD; S.Carliner The Influence of Organizational Culture on Training Effectiveness; K.Bunch When HR Practices and Organizational Culture Collide: A Performance Management Case Study; K.Magee The Link between Culture and Succession Planning; L.Fancher

Mª JESUS BELIZÓN is a research assistant in the Department of Managing People in Organizations at IESE Business School. KAY BUNCH is an instructor of management in the J. Mack Robinson College of Business at Georgia State University. SAUL CARLINER is an associate professor of educational technology at Concordia University in Montreal. WEI-WEN CHANG is an associate professor of international human resource development at National Taiwan Normal University.SYLVIE CHEVRIER is an assistant professor of Human Resource Management at the Université de Paris-Est (France). KATHARINA CHUDZIKOWSKI works as research assistant at the Department of Management at the Wirtschaftsuniversitaet Wien (WU Wien), Austria. PETER W. CUNNINGHAM D Phil (UPE), DipSoc (Kent), Accredited Consultant: SAP R/3 Human Resources& Business Information Warehouse (BIW). HoD& Programme Head Sociology& Anthropology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa. LORI P. FANCHER is a partner and owner of C2C Consulting, LLC in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. CAROL D. HANSEN is an associate professor of human resource development at Georgia State University. YIH-TEEN LEE is assistant professor at IESE Business School, University ofNavarra (Spain). SUSAN A. LYNHAM is an Associate Professor in qualitative research methods and organizational performance and change in the School of Education at Colorado State University in the USA, and a Research Associate at the Nelson MandelaMetropolitan University in South Africa. KIMBERLY C. MAGEE is a senior human resource leader in the consumer products industry. She has worked both in the U.S. and abroad. SHEILA L. MARGOLIS is President of the Workplace Culture Institute. She is quoted in newspapers and magazines including The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post and The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. WOLFGANG MAYRHOFER is professor of business administration and holds a chair for management and organizational behavior at WU Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien, Austria. GARY N. MCLEAN is senior professor and executive director of international human resource development programs at Texas A&M University, and former professor and coordinator of human resource development and adult education at the University of Minnesota, St. Paul. FREDRICK M. NAFUKHO is an Associate Professor and program chair for Human Resource Development, Department of Educational Administration and Human Resource Development, College of Education and Human Development at Texas A&M University. JAVIER QUINTANILLA is an Associate Professor at IESE Business School, University of Navarra (Spain). ASTRID REICHEL works as an assistant professor at the Department of Management at the Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration, Austria.ROCÍO SÁNCHEZ-MANGAS is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Economic Analysis: Quantitative Economis at Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain. LOURDESSUSAETA is a researcher in the Department of Managing People in Organizations at IESE Business School, and an Associate Professor of Management at Complutense University of Madrid. AVA S. WILENSKY, PhD. is co-founder of CORE InSites, a management consulting firm specializing in helping organizational leaders leverage their workplace cultures to establish optimum strategic direction, negotiate creative change, and identify and retain valued employees. She serves as an adjunct professor at Georgia State University.

• List of figures List of tables Acknowledgements Preface Anthropology: A Foundation for Human Resource Management; G.N.McLean Go to the People: Using Emic Approaches for Cultural Understanding; W.Chang The Cross-Cultural Transfer of American Models and Myths to Germany and the Côte d`Ivoire; C.Hansen The Cultural Context of Human Resource Development Paradigms in South Africa; S.A.Lynham, F.M.Nafukho  & P.W.Cunningham Empowerment: A Practice Embedded in Cultural Contexts. A Comparison between the United States and France; S.Chevrier HRD in Austria: A Cultural Perspective of Management Development; A.Reichel, W.Mayrhofer  & K.Chudzikowski Malleability in Spain: The Influence of US HRD Models; J.Quintanilla, Mª.J.Belizón, L.Susaeta  & R.Sánchez-Mangas Asian Reversalism: An Alternative Approach to Career Development; Y.Lee  & C.Hanson The Cultural Context of Organizational Identity: How Belief Systems can Frames the Practice and Role of HRD; S.L.Margolis The Cultural Distinct Role of Human Resource Development in Non-Profit Organizations; A.Wilensky Culture Conflicts in Demonstrating the Value of HRD; S.Carliner The Influence of Organizational Culture on Training Effectiveness; K.Bunch When HR Practices and Organizational Culture Collide: A Performance Management Case Study; K.Magee The Link between Culture and Succession Planning; L.Fancher

Mª JESUS BELIZÓN is a research assistant in the Department of Managing People in Organizations at IESE Business School. KAY BUNCH is an instructor of management in the J. Mack Robinson College of Business at Georgia State University. SAUL CARLINER is an associate professor of educational technology at Concordia University in Montreal. WEI-WEN CHANG is an associate professor of international human resource development at National Taiwan Normal University.SYLVIE CHEVRIER is an assistant professor of Human Resource Management at the Université de Paris-Est (France). KATHARINA CHUDZIKOWSKI works as research assistant at the Department of Management at the Wirtschaftsuniversitaet Wien (WU Wien), Austria. PETER W. CUNNINGHAM D Phil (UPE), DipSoc (Kent), Accredited Consultant: SAP R/3 Human Resources& Business Information Warehouse (BIW). HoD& Programme Head Sociology& Anthropology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa. LORI P. FANCHER is a partner and owner of C2C Consulting, LLC in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. CAROL D. HANSEN is an associate professor of human resource development at Georgia State University. YIH-TEEN LEE is assistant professor at IESE Business School, University ofNavarra (Spain). SUSAN A. LYNHAM is an Associate Professor in qualitative research methods and organizational performance and change in the School of Education at Colorado State University in the USA, and a Research Associate at the Nelson MandelaMetropolitan University in South Africa. KIMBERLY C. MAGEE is a senior human resource leader in the consumer products industry. She has worked both in the U.S. and abroad. SHEILA L. MARGOLIS is President of the Workplace Culture Institute. She is quoted in newspapers and magazines including The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post and The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. WOLFGANG MAYRHOFER is professor of business administration and holds a chair for management and organizational behavior at WU Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien, Austria. GARY N. MCLEAN is senior professor and executive director of international human resource development programs at Texas A&M University, and former professor and coordinator of human resource development and adult education at the University of Minnesota, St. Paul. FREDRICK M. NAFUKHO is an Associate Professor and program chair for Human Resource Development, Department of Educational Administration and Human Resource Development, College of Education and Human Development at Texas A&M University. JAVIER QUINTANILLA is an Associate Professor at IESE Business School, University of Navarra (Spain). ASTRID REICHEL works as an assistant professor at the Department of Management at the Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration, Austria.ROCÍO SÁNCHEZ-MANGAS is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Economic Analysis: Quantitative Economis at Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain. LOURDESSUSAETA is a researcher in the Department of Managing People in Organizations at IESE Business School, and an Associate Professor of Management at Complutense University of Madrid. AVA S. WILENSKY, PhD. is co-founder of CORE InSites, a management consulting firm specializing in helping organizational leaders leverage their workplace cultures to establish optimum strategic direction, negotiate creative change, and identify and retain valued employees. She serves as an adjunct professor at Georgia State University.

• List of figures List of tables Acknowledgements Preface Anthropology: A Foundation for Human Resource Management; G.N.McLean Go to the People: Using Emic Approaches for Cultural Understanding; W.Chang The Cross-Cultural Transfer of American Models and Myths to Germany and the Côte d`Ivoire; C.Hansen The Cultural Context of Human Resource Development Paradigms in South Africa; S.A.Lynham, F.M.Nafukho  & P.W.Cunningham Empowerment: A Practice Embedded in Cultural Contexts. A Comparison between the United States and France; S.Chevrier HRD in Austria: A Cultural Perspective of Management Development; A.Reichel, W.Mayrhofer  & K.Chudzikowski Malleability in Spain: The Influence of US HRD Models; J.Quintanilla, Mª.J.Belizón, L.Susaeta  & R.Sánchez-Mangas Asian Reversalism: An Alternative Approach to Career Development; Y.Lee  & C.Hanson The Cultural Context of Organizational Identity: How Belief Systems can Frames the Practice and Role of HRD; S.L.Margolis The Cultural Distinct Role of Human Resource Development in Non-Profit Organizations; A.Wilensky Culture Conflicts in Demonstrating the Value of HRD; S.Carliner The Influence of Organizational Culture on Training Effectiveness; K.Bunch When HR Practices and Organizational Culture Collide: A Performance Management Case Study; K.Magee The Link between Culture and Succession Planning; L.Fancher