Charles M. Radding is a professor of history at Michigan State University. Francis Newton is a professor of classics at Duke University.

This is a very clever book, an exciting detective story based on acute paleographic and political analysis. -- Mary Stroll American Historical Review This book is a valuable contribution to an understanding of the controversy over the Eucharist that swirled around Berengar, thescholasticus of Tours, in the eleventh century... an excellent example of the virtues of collaborative scholarship. -- Gary Macy Catholic Historical Review The handsome volume will help to make an immensely important moment in European culture accessible and comprehensible for students and scholars alike. -- Miri Rubin Ecclesiastical History Will be of interest to all students of the intellectual and ecclesiastical history of the eleventh and twelfth centuries. -- William North Speculum

• Preface List of Abbreviations 1. Berengar of Tours and the Eucharistic Controversy Introduction The Carolingian Background and the Eleventh-Century Debate Berengar's Theology of the Eucharist Berengar's Early Critics The Early Councils The Aftermath of the Council of 1059: Lanfranc and Guitmund The Movement Toward Rome 2. Alberdeen Libellus Against Berengar of Tours The Manuscript The Rubric and Morin's Attribution to Berengar of Venosa The Treatise and It's Author Alberic of Monte Cassino and His "Lost" Treatise 3. Style and Content of the Libellus Alberic's Literary Work The Literary Style of the Aberdeen Libellus The Content of the Libellus Conclusion 4. Berengar of Tours and the Roman Councils of 1078 and 1079 The Sources The Council of All Saints, 1078 Alberic and Berengar Berengar and Alberic at the Lenten Council, 1079 Brief Epilogue: Berengar Remembers Conclusion The Text and Translation of the Libellus Appendix: The Dossier of Unconnected Sententiae Following the Libellus in the Aberdeen Manuscript Bibliography Index

Charles M. Radding is a professor of history at Michigan State University. Francis Newton is a professor of classics at Duke University.

This is a very clever book, an exciting detective story based on acute paleographic and political analysis. -- Mary Stroll American Historical Review This book is a valuable contribution to an understanding of the controversy over the Eucharist that swirled around Berengar, thescholasticus of Tours, in the eleventh century... an excellent example of the virtues of collaborative scholarship. -- Gary Macy Catholic Historical Review The handsome volume will help to make an immensely important moment in European culture accessible and comprehensible for students and scholars alike. -- Miri Rubin Ecclesiastical History Will be of interest to all students of the intellectual and ecclesiastical history of the eleventh and twelfth centuries. -- William North Speculum

• Preface List of Abbreviations 1. Berengar of Tours and the Eucharistic Controversy Introduction The Carolingian Background and the Eleventh-Century Debate Berengar's Theology of the Eucharist Berengar's Early Critics The Early Councils The Aftermath of the Council of 1059: Lanfranc and Guitmund The Movement Toward Rome 2. Alberdeen Libellus Against Berengar of Tours The Manuscript The Rubric and Morin's Attribution to Berengar of Venosa The Treatise and It's Author Alberic of Monte Cassino and His "Lost" Treatise 3. Style and Content of the Libellus Alberic's Literary Work The Literary Style of the Aberdeen Libellus The Content of the Libellus Conclusion 4. Berengar of Tours and the Roman Councils of 1078 and 1079 The Sources The Council of All Saints, 1078 Alberic and Berengar Berengar and Alberic at the Lenten Council, 1079 Brief Epilogue: Berengar Remembers Conclusion The Text and Translation of the Libellus Appendix: The Dossier of Unconnected Sententiae Following the Libellus in the Aberdeen Manuscript Bibliography Index

Charles M. Radding is a professor of history at Michigan State University. Francis Newton is a professor of classics at Duke University.

This is a very clever book, an exciting detective story based on acute paleographic and political analysis. -- Mary Stroll American Historical Review This book is a valuable contribution to an understanding of the controversy over the Eucharist that swirled around Berengar, thescholasticus of Tours, in the eleventh century... an excellent example of the virtues of collaborative scholarship. -- Gary Macy Catholic Historical Review The handsome volume will help to make an immensely important moment in European culture accessible and comprehensible for students and scholars alike. -- Miri Rubin Ecclesiastical History Will be of interest to all students of the intellectual and ecclesiastical history of the eleventh and twelfth centuries. -- William North Speculum

• Preface List of Abbreviations 1. Berengar of Tours and the Eucharistic Controversy Introduction The Carolingian Background and the Eleventh-Century Debate Berengar's Theology of the Eucharist Berengar's Early Critics The Early Councils The Aftermath of the Council of 1059: Lanfranc and Guitmund The Movement Toward Rome 2. Alberdeen Libellus Against Berengar of Tours The Manuscript The Rubric and Morin's Attribution to Berengar of Venosa The Treatise and It's Author Alberic of Monte Cassino and His "Lost" Treatise 3. Style and Content of the Libellus Alberic's Literary Work The Literary Style of the Aberdeen Libellus The Content of the Libellus Conclusion 4. Berengar of Tours and the Roman Councils of 1078 and 1079 The Sources The Council of All Saints, 1078 Alberic and Berengar Berengar and Alberic at the Lenten Council, 1079 Brief Epilogue: Berengar Remembers Conclusion The Text and Translation of the Libellus Appendix: The Dossier of Unconnected Sententiae Following the Libellus in the Aberdeen Manuscript Bibliography Index