Aharon Pick was born in Kėdainiai, Lithuania, in 1872. After graduating from the Sorbonne, he practiced medicine in Šiauliai, Lithuania. In 1941, along with his wife, Dvorah Tatz Pick, he was forced into the Šiauliai ghetto, where he worked in the ghetto hospital. He died of illness in June 1944.Gabriel Laufer, the son of two Holocaust survivors, was born in Budapest, grew up in Israel and currently lives in Charlottesville, VA. He earned a PhD in mechanical and aerospace engineering from Princeton University and served as a professor at the Technion in Israel and at the University of Virginia until his retirement. He is the author of A Survivor's Duty which describes the survival of the author's father in the Holocaust and his own participation in Israeli wars.Born in 1950 and raised near New York City, Andrew Cassel spent 35 years writing and editing for US newspapers, covering business, politics, and culture. A graduate of Dartmouth College, in retirement he earned a master of liberal arts degree at the University of Pennsylvania, also studying Yiddish in the US and Europe. He has translated a range of historical and biographical essays while curating a website devoted to Jewish history in Lithuania and elsewhere.

"The diary of Dr. Aharon Pick is a historical document of extraordinary importance. A talented physician and intellectual who was steeped in Jewish culture documented the events pertaining to the Jews in the city of Šiauliai during the Holocaust, from the Soviet regime through the ghetto years under Nazi German occupation. Pick meticulously chronicled and analyzed the events, enlightening his "future readers" with profound insights into human nature and the essence of humanity exposed in what he termed the "Valley of Slaughter." The diary sheds light on numerous aspects of Holocaust research: the history of medicine in extreme situations, the Jewish society's reaction pattern to gradual destruction, ethical dilemmas, philosophical reflections on the unique nature of the Holocaust, and more. Pick's first-person testimony of coping with the Germans' decrees to murder fetuses in their mothers' wombs is singularly powerful, making the diary essential reading."—Miriam Offer, Western Galilee College"In this important account — part memoir, part diary — of Jewish life under Bolshevik and then Nazi occupation in Siauliai, Lithuania, the English-language reader gains access for the first time to the observations and reflections of Aharon Pick, a medical doctor active in Jewish communal affairs and politics. Pick wrote with a journalist's flair for an important story and a humanist's care for the individual. His searing record offers scholars fresh insights into Jews' experience of the Holocaust in Lithuania and will be suitable for classroom use as well."—Alexandra Garbarini, Charles R. Keller Professor of History, Williams College"Dr. Aharon Pick's memoir and diary open a new window into the wartime history of Šiauliai, the site of one of Eastern Europe's lesser-known ghettos. Superbly edited and introduced by Gabriel Laufer and Andrew Cassel, this deeply personal account, suffused with a spirit of intense anguish, forces us to confront the day-to-day reality of the persecution and death which the Nazis and local collaborators inflicted on one of Lithuania's oldest and most prosperous Jewish communities."—Saulius Sužiedėlis, Millersville University of Pennsylvania

• AcknowledgmentsRetrieving a Voice from the GhettoNotes on the TextPart A1. Before the Bolsheviks' Arrival (A Preface)2. The Blosheviks in Lithuania3. My Son's Admission to the Lithuanian University4. On the Eve of War5. The Start of the War6. The Germans Enter ŠiauliaiPart B7. Afflictions8. The EdictsPart C9. The Rules of the GhettoPart D10. From My DiaryNotesReferencesIndex

Aharon Pick was born in Kėdainiai, Lithuania, in 1872. After graduating from the Sorbonne, he practiced medicine in Šiauliai, Lithuania. In 1941, along with his wife, Dvorah Tatz Pick, he was forced into the Šiauliai ghetto, where he worked in the ghetto hospital. He died of illness in June 1944.Gabriel Laufer, the son of two Holocaust survivors, was born in Budapest, grew up in Israel and currently lives in Charlottesville, VA. He earned a PhD in mechanical and aerospace engineering from Princeton University and served as a professor at the Technion in Israel and at the University of Virginia until his retirement. He is the author of A Survivor's Duty which describes the survival of the author's father in the Holocaust and his own participation in Israeli wars.Born in 1950 and raised near New York City, Andrew Cassel spent 35 years writing and editing for US newspapers, covering business, politics, and culture. A graduate of Dartmouth College, in retirement he earned a master of liberal arts degree at the University of Pennsylvania, also studying Yiddish in the US and Europe. He has translated a range of historical and biographical essays while curating a website devoted to Jewish history in Lithuania and elsewhere.

"The diary of Dr. Aharon Pick is a historical document of extraordinary importance. A talented physician and intellectual who was steeped in Jewish culture documented the events pertaining to the Jews in the city of Šiauliai during the Holocaust, from the Soviet regime through the ghetto years under Nazi German occupation. Pick meticulously chronicled and analyzed the events, enlightening his "future readers" with profound insights into human nature and the essence of humanity exposed in what he termed the "Valley of Slaughter." The diary sheds light on numerous aspects of Holocaust research: the history of medicine in extreme situations, the Jewish society's reaction pattern to gradual destruction, ethical dilemmas, philosophical reflections on the unique nature of the Holocaust, and more. Pick's first-person testimony of coping with the Germans' decrees to murder fetuses in their mothers' wombs is singularly powerful, making the diary essential reading."—Miriam Offer, Western Galilee College"In this important account — part memoir, part diary — of Jewish life under Bolshevik and then Nazi occupation in Siauliai, Lithuania, the English-language reader gains access for the first time to the observations and reflections of Aharon Pick, a medical doctor active in Jewish communal affairs and politics. Pick wrote with a journalist's flair for an important story and a humanist's care for the individual. His searing record offers scholars fresh insights into Jews' experience of the Holocaust in Lithuania and will be suitable for classroom use as well."—Alexandra Garbarini, Charles R. Keller Professor of History, Williams College"Dr. Aharon Pick's memoir and diary open a new window into the wartime history of Šiauliai, the site of one of Eastern Europe's lesser-known ghettos. Superbly edited and introduced by Gabriel Laufer and Andrew Cassel, this deeply personal account, suffused with a spirit of intense anguish, forces us to confront the day-to-day reality of the persecution and death which the Nazis and local collaborators inflicted on one of Lithuania's oldest and most prosperous Jewish communities."—Saulius Sužiedėlis, Millersville University of Pennsylvania

• AcknowledgmentsRetrieving a Voice from the GhettoNotes on the TextPart A1. Before the Bolsheviks' Arrival (A Preface)2. The Blosheviks in Lithuania3. My Son's Admission to the Lithuanian University4. On the Eve of War5. The Start of the War6. The Germans Enter ŠiauliaiPart B7. Afflictions8. The EdictsPart C9. The Rules of the GhettoPart D10. From My DiaryNotesReferencesIndex

Aharon Pick was born in Kėdainiai, Lithuania, in 1872. After graduating from the Sorbonne, he practiced medicine in Šiauliai, Lithuania. In 1941, along with his wife, Dvorah Tatz Pick, he was forced into the Šiauliai ghetto, where he worked in the ghetto hospital. He died of illness in June 1944.Gabriel Laufer, the son of two Holocaust survivors, was born in Budapest, grew up in Israel and currently lives in Charlottesville, VA. He earned a PhD in mechanical and aerospace engineering from Princeton University and served as a professor at the Technion in Israel and at the University of Virginia until his retirement. He is the author of A Survivor's Duty which describes the survival of the author's father in the Holocaust and his own participation in Israeli wars.Born in 1950 and raised near New York City, Andrew Cassel spent 35 years writing and editing for US newspapers, covering business, politics, and culture. A graduate of Dartmouth College, in retirement he earned a master of liberal arts degree at the University of Pennsylvania, also studying Yiddish in the US and Europe. He has translated a range of historical and biographical essays while curating a website devoted to Jewish history in Lithuania and elsewhere.

"The diary of Dr. Aharon Pick is a historical document of extraordinary importance. A talented physician and intellectual who was steeped in Jewish culture documented the events pertaining to the Jews in the city of Šiauliai during the Holocaust, from the Soviet regime through the ghetto years under Nazi German occupation. Pick meticulously chronicled and analyzed the events, enlightening his "future readers" with profound insights into human nature and the essence of humanity exposed in what he termed the "Valley of Slaughter." The diary sheds light on numerous aspects of Holocaust research: the history of medicine in extreme situations, the Jewish society's reaction pattern to gradual destruction, ethical dilemmas, philosophical reflections on the unique nature of the Holocaust, and more. Pick's first-person testimony of coping with the Germans' decrees to murder fetuses in their mothers' wombs is singularly powerful, making the diary essential reading."—Miriam Offer, Western Galilee College"In this important account — part memoir, part diary — of Jewish life under Bolshevik and then Nazi occupation in Siauliai, Lithuania, the English-language reader gains access for the first time to the observations and reflections of Aharon Pick, a medical doctor active in Jewish communal affairs and politics. Pick wrote with a journalist's flair for an important story and a humanist's care for the individual. His searing record offers scholars fresh insights into Jews' experience of the Holocaust in Lithuania and will be suitable for classroom use as well."—Alexandra Garbarini, Charles R. Keller Professor of History, Williams College"Dr. Aharon Pick's memoir and diary open a new window into the wartime history of Šiauliai, the site of one of Eastern Europe's lesser-known ghettos. Superbly edited and introduced by Gabriel Laufer and Andrew Cassel, this deeply personal account, suffused with a spirit of intense anguish, forces us to confront the day-to-day reality of the persecution and death which the Nazis and local collaborators inflicted on one of Lithuania's oldest and most prosperous Jewish communities."—Saulius Sužiedėlis, Millersville University of Pennsylvania

• AcknowledgmentsRetrieving a Voice from the GhettoNotes on the TextPart A1. Before the Bolsheviks' Arrival (A Preface)2. The Blosheviks in Lithuania3. My Son's Admission to the Lithuanian University4. On the Eve of War5. The Start of the War6. The Germans Enter ŠiauliaiPart B7. Afflictions8. The EdictsPart C9. The Rules of the GhettoPart D10. From My DiaryNotesReferencesIndex