Richard Abel is Ellis and Nell Levitt Professor of English at Drake University, where he teaches cinema/media/cultural studies. His most recent book is The Red Rooster Scare: Making Cinema American, 1900-1910 (California, 1999), which was a finalist for the Kraszna-Krausz Moving Image Book Award. Currently he is editing the Routledge Encyclopedia of Early Cinema.Rick Altman is Professor of Cinema and Comparative Literature at the University of Iowa. After publishing Film/Genre (British Film Institute, 1999), which won the SCS Katherine Singer Kovacs award, he edited a special issue of IRIS 27 (Spring 1999) on the "State of Sound Studies." His current projects include a book on the silent cinema soundscape, a DVD devoted to illustrated song slides, and performances by his troupe, The Living Nickelodeon.

• ContentsIntroduction, Richard Abel and Rick AltmanI. A Context of Intermediality1. Ian Christie, "Early Phonograph Culture and Moving Pictures" 2. Tom Gunning, "Doing for the Eye What the Phonograph Does for the Ear"3. Mats Bjorkin, "Remarks on Writing and Technologies of Sound in Early Cinema"4. Richard Crangle, "'Next Slide Please': The Lantern Lecture in Britain, 1890-1910"5. François Jost, "The Ways of Silence" 6. Edouard Arnoldy, "The Event and the Series: The Decline of Café-Concerts, the Failure of Gaumont's Chronphone and the Birth of Cinema as Art" II. Sound Practices in Production7. Isabelle Raynauld, "Dialogues in Silent Screenplays: What the Actors Really Said"8. Bernard Perron, "The First Transi-Sounds of Parallel Editing" 9. John Fullerton, "Sound, the Jump Cut, and 'Trickality' in Early Danish Comedies"10. Dominique Nasta, "Setting the Pace of a Heartbeat: The Use of Sound Elements in European Melodramas Before 1915" 11. Rashit Yangirov, "Talking Movie or Silent Theater: Creative Experiments by Vasily Goncharov"III. Sound Practices in Exhibition12. Gregory Waller, "Sleighbells and Moving Pictures: On the Trail of D. W. Robertson"13. Stephen Bottomore, "The Story of Percy Peashaker: Debates about Sound Effects in the Early Cinema"14. Richard Abel, "That Most American of Attractions, the Illustrated Song"15. Jeffrey Klenotic, "'The Sensational Acme of Realism': 'Talker' Pictures as Early Cinema Sound Practice" 16. Lauren Rabinovitz, "'Bells and Whistles': The Sound of Meaning in Train Travel Film Rides" IV. Spectators and Politics17. Jean Châteauvert and André Gaudreault, "The Noises of Spectators, or the Spectator as Additive to the Spectacle" 18. Jacques Polet, "Early Cinematographic Spectacles: The Role of Sound Accompaniment in the Reception of Moving Images" 19. Marta Braun and Charlie Keil, "Sounding Canadian: Early Sound Practices and Nationalism in Toronto-Based Exhibition"20. Germain Lacasse, "The Double Silence of the 'War To End All Wars'"V. Film Music21. Patrick Loughney, "Domitor Witnesses the First Complete Public Presentation of the [Dickson Experimental Sound Film] in the 20th Century"22. David Mayer and Helen Day-Mayer, "A 'Secondary Action' or Musical Highlight? Melodic Interludes in Early Film Melodrama Reconsidered" 23. Rick Altman, "The Living Nickelodeon"24. Herbert Reynolds, "The Record of Special Music Scores for Kalem Films"25. Jane Gaines and Neil Lerner, "The Orchestration of Affect: Motif of Barbarism in Breil's The Birth of a Nation Score"Appendix: Original French Texts A. François Jost, "Les Voies du silence" B. Edouard Arnoldy, "L'Evénement et le série: Le déclin du café-concert, l'échec du Chronophone Gaumont et la naissance de l'Art Cinématographique" C. Bernard Perron, "Les transi-sons du cinéma des premiers temps"D. André Gaudreault and Jean Châteauvert, "Les bruits des spectateurs" E. Jacques Polet, "Le spectacle cinématographique des premiers temps: fonctions des accompagnements sonores dans la réception des images animées" F. Germain Lacasse, "Le double silence de la 'dernière guerre'"Index

Richard Abel is Ellis and Nell Levitt Professor of English at Drake University, where he teaches cinema/media/cultural studies. His most recent book is The Red Rooster Scare: Making Cinema American, 1900-1910 (California, 1999), which was a finalist for the Kraszna-Krausz Moving Image Book Award. Currently he is editing the Routledge Encyclopedia of Early Cinema.Rick Altman is Professor of Cinema and Comparative Literature at the University of Iowa. After publishing Film/Genre (British Film Institute, 1999), which won the SCS Katherine Singer Kovacs award, he edited a special issue of IRIS 27 (Spring 1999) on the "State of Sound Studies." His current projects include a book on the silent cinema soundscape, a DVD devoted to illustrated song slides, and performances by his troupe, The Living Nickelodeon.

• ContentsIntroduction, Richard Abel and Rick AltmanI. A Context of Intermediality1. Ian Christie, "Early Phonograph Culture and Moving Pictures" 2. Tom Gunning, "Doing for the Eye What the Phonograph Does for the Ear"3. Mats Bjorkin, "Remarks on Writing and Technologies of Sound in Early Cinema"4. Richard Crangle, "'Next Slide Please': The Lantern Lecture in Britain, 1890-1910"5. François Jost, "The Ways of Silence" 6. Edouard Arnoldy, "The Event and the Series: The Decline of Café-Concerts, the Failure of Gaumont's Chronphone and the Birth of Cinema as Art" II. Sound Practices in Production7. Isabelle Raynauld, "Dialogues in Silent Screenplays: What the Actors Really Said"8. Bernard Perron, "The First Transi-Sounds of Parallel Editing" 9. John Fullerton, "Sound, the Jump Cut, and 'Trickality' in Early Danish Comedies"10. Dominique Nasta, "Setting the Pace of a Heartbeat: The Use of Sound Elements in European Melodramas Before 1915" 11. Rashit Yangirov, "Talking Movie or Silent Theater: Creative Experiments by Vasily Goncharov"III. Sound Practices in Exhibition12. Gregory Waller, "Sleighbells and Moving Pictures: On the Trail of D. W. Robertson"13. Stephen Bottomore, "The Story of Percy Peashaker: Debates about Sound Effects in the Early Cinema"14. Richard Abel, "That Most American of Attractions, the Illustrated Song"15. Jeffrey Klenotic, "'The Sensational Acme of Realism': 'Talker' Pictures as Early Cinema Sound Practice" 16. Lauren Rabinovitz, "'Bells and Whistles': The Sound of Meaning in Train Travel Film Rides" IV. Spectators and Politics17. Jean Châteauvert and André Gaudreault, "The Noises of Spectators, or the Spectator as Additive to the Spectacle" 18. Jacques Polet, "Early Cinematographic Spectacles: The Role of Sound Accompaniment in the Reception of Moving Images" 19. Marta Braun and Charlie Keil, "Sounding Canadian: Early Sound Practices and Nationalism in Toronto-Based Exhibition"20. Germain Lacasse, "The Double Silence of the 'War To End All Wars'"V. Film Music21. Patrick Loughney, "Domitor Witnesses the First Complete Public Presentation of the [Dickson Experimental Sound Film] in the 20th Century"22. David Mayer and Helen Day-Mayer, "A 'Secondary Action' or Musical Highlight? Melodic Interludes in Early Film Melodrama Reconsidered" 23. Rick Altman, "The Living Nickelodeon"24. Herbert Reynolds, "The Record of Special Music Scores for Kalem Films"25. Jane Gaines and Neil Lerner, "The Orchestration of Affect: Motif of Barbarism in Breil's The Birth of a Nation Score"Appendix: Original French Texts A. François Jost, "Les Voies du silence" B. Edouard Arnoldy, "L'Evénement et le série: Le déclin du café-concert, l'échec du Chronophone Gaumont et la naissance de l'Art Cinématographique" C. Bernard Perron, "Les transi-sons du cinéma des premiers temps"D. André Gaudreault and Jean Châteauvert, "Les bruits des spectateurs" E. Jacques Polet, "Le spectacle cinématographique des premiers temps: fonctions des accompagnements sonores dans la réception des images animées" F. Germain Lacasse, "Le double silence de la 'dernière guerre'"Index

Richard Abel is Ellis and Nell Levitt Professor of English at Drake University, where he teaches cinema/media/cultural studies. His most recent book is The Red Rooster Scare: Making Cinema American, 1900-1910 (California, 1999), which was a finalist for the Kraszna-Krausz Moving Image Book Award. Currently he is editing the Routledge Encyclopedia of Early Cinema.Rick Altman is Professor of Cinema and Comparative Literature at the University of Iowa. After publishing Film/Genre (British Film Institute, 1999), which won the SCS Katherine Singer Kovacs award, he edited a special issue of IRIS 27 (Spring 1999) on the "State of Sound Studies." His current projects include a book on the silent cinema soundscape, a DVD devoted to illustrated song slides, and performances by his troupe, The Living Nickelodeon.

• ContentsIntroduction, Richard Abel and Rick AltmanI. A Context of Intermediality1. Ian Christie, "Early Phonograph Culture and Moving Pictures" 2. Tom Gunning, "Doing for the Eye What the Phonograph Does for the Ear"3. Mats Bjorkin, "Remarks on Writing and Technologies of Sound in Early Cinema"4. Richard Crangle, "'Next Slide Please': The Lantern Lecture in Britain, 1890-1910"5. François Jost, "The Ways of Silence" 6. Edouard Arnoldy, "The Event and the Series: The Decline of Café-Concerts, the Failure of Gaumont's Chronphone and the Birth of Cinema as Art" II. Sound Practices in Production7. Isabelle Raynauld, "Dialogues in Silent Screenplays: What the Actors Really Said"8. Bernard Perron, "The First Transi-Sounds of Parallel Editing" 9. John Fullerton, "Sound, the Jump Cut, and 'Trickality' in Early Danish Comedies"10. Dominique Nasta, "Setting the Pace of a Heartbeat: The Use of Sound Elements in European Melodramas Before 1915" 11. Rashit Yangirov, "Talking Movie or Silent Theater: Creative Experiments by Vasily Goncharov"III. Sound Practices in Exhibition12. Gregory Waller, "Sleighbells and Moving Pictures: On the Trail of D. W. Robertson"13. Stephen Bottomore, "The Story of Percy Peashaker: Debates about Sound Effects in the Early Cinema"14. Richard Abel, "That Most American of Attractions, the Illustrated Song"15. Jeffrey Klenotic, "'The Sensational Acme of Realism': 'Talker' Pictures as Early Cinema Sound Practice" 16. Lauren Rabinovitz, "'Bells and Whistles': The Sound of Meaning in Train Travel Film Rides" IV. Spectators and Politics17. Jean Châteauvert and André Gaudreault, "The Noises of Spectators, or the Spectator as Additive to the Spectacle" 18. Jacques Polet, "Early Cinematographic Spectacles: The Role of Sound Accompaniment in the Reception of Moving Images" 19. Marta Braun and Charlie Keil, "Sounding Canadian: Early Sound Practices and Nationalism in Toronto-Based Exhibition"20. Germain Lacasse, "The Double Silence of the 'War To End All Wars'"V. Film Music21. Patrick Loughney, "Domitor Witnesses the First Complete Public Presentation of the [Dickson Experimental Sound Film] in the 20th Century"22. David Mayer and Helen Day-Mayer, "A 'Secondary Action' or Musical Highlight? Melodic Interludes in Early Film Melodrama Reconsidered" 23. Rick Altman, "The Living Nickelodeon"24. Herbert Reynolds, "The Record of Special Music Scores for Kalem Films"25. Jane Gaines and Neil Lerner, "The Orchestration of Affect: Motif of Barbarism in Breil's The Birth of a Nation Score"Appendix: Original French Texts A. François Jost, "Les Voies du silence" B. Edouard Arnoldy, "L'Evénement et le série: Le déclin du café-concert, l'échec du Chronophone Gaumont et la naissance de l'Art Cinématographique" C. Bernard Perron, "Les transi-sons du cinéma des premiers temps"D. André Gaudreault and Jean Châteauvert, "Les bruits des spectateurs" E. Jacques Polet, "Le spectacle cinématographique des premiers temps: fonctions des accompagnements sonores dans la réception des images animées" F. Germain Lacasse, "Le double silence de la 'dernière guerre'"Index