RITA MARAN writes on torture as a violation of international law on human rights. She is a founding member and member of the Board of Directors of Human Rights Advocates, a California-based organization accredited to the United Nations. She organizes public forums and brings the subject of torture into public discussion on radio and television in England, Europe and Africa, and the United States. Her Ph.D. in international human rights law is from the University of California. She is completing another book on torture as a political tool for governing.

• IntroductionTortureInternational Human Rights LawMission Civilisatrice: Ideology, Practice, ImplicationsMethodologyNarrative of Projected ChaptersDiscourse of the French GovernmentProtection of the Individual by StateFrance's System of Justice with respect to AlgeriaInternational Legal NormsGovernment Responses to Accounts of TortureCharles de GaulleDiscourse of the French MilitarySubstantive ContentArrangement of ChapterDiscourse of SoldiersDiscourse of the CommandersDiscourse of the Intellectuals"Intellectuals" in ContextUniversalismIntellectuals as a Political FactorWartime Activities of IntellectualsAvailability of Public Information on TortureDiscourse of IntellectualsDiscourse of Intellectuals Who Were TorturedConclusionsSummary and ConclusionsThe Civilizing Mission's Historic UnderevaluationThe Civilizing Mission in French Theory and Practice on RightsThe Civilizing Mission Ideology and TortureAntinomies of the IdeologyRights in FranceBibliographyIndex

RITA MARAN writes on torture as a violation of international law on human rights. She is a founding member and member of the Board of Directors of Human Rights Advocates, a California-based organization accredited to the United Nations. She organizes public forums and brings the subject of torture into public discussion on radio and television in England, Europe and Africa, and the United States. Her Ph.D. in international human rights law is from the University of California. She is completing another book on torture as a political tool for governing.

• IntroductionTortureInternational Human Rights LawMission Civilisatrice: Ideology, Practice, ImplicationsMethodologyNarrative of Projected ChaptersDiscourse of the French GovernmentProtection of the Individual by StateFrance's System of Justice with respect to AlgeriaInternational Legal NormsGovernment Responses to Accounts of TortureCharles de GaulleDiscourse of the French MilitarySubstantive ContentArrangement of ChapterDiscourse of SoldiersDiscourse of the CommandersDiscourse of the Intellectuals"Intellectuals" in ContextUniversalismIntellectuals as a Political FactorWartime Activities of IntellectualsAvailability of Public Information on TortureDiscourse of IntellectualsDiscourse of Intellectuals Who Were TorturedConclusionsSummary and ConclusionsThe Civilizing Mission's Historic UnderevaluationThe Civilizing Mission in French Theory and Practice on RightsThe Civilizing Mission Ideology and TortureAntinomies of the IdeologyRights in FranceBibliographyIndex

RITA MARAN writes on torture as a violation of international law on human rights. She is a founding member and member of the Board of Directors of Human Rights Advocates, a California-based organization accredited to the United Nations. She organizes public forums and brings the subject of torture into public discussion on radio and television in England, Europe and Africa, and the United States. Her Ph.D. in international human rights law is from the University of California. She is completing another book on torture as a political tool for governing.

• IntroductionTortureInternational Human Rights LawMission Civilisatrice: Ideology, Practice, ImplicationsMethodologyNarrative of Projected ChaptersDiscourse of the French GovernmentProtection of the Individual by StateFrance's System of Justice with respect to AlgeriaInternational Legal NormsGovernment Responses to Accounts of TortureCharles de GaulleDiscourse of the French MilitarySubstantive ContentArrangement of ChapterDiscourse of SoldiersDiscourse of the CommandersDiscourse of the Intellectuals"Intellectuals" in ContextUniversalismIntellectuals as a Political FactorWartime Activities of IntellectualsAvailability of Public Information on TortureDiscourse of IntellectualsDiscourse of Intellectuals Who Were TorturedConclusionsSummary and ConclusionsThe Civilizing Mission's Historic UnderevaluationThe Civilizing Mission in French Theory and Practice on RightsThe Civilizing Mission Ideology and TortureAntinomies of the IdeologyRights in FranceBibliographyIndex