Cellular Physiology and Neurophysiology

Mosby Physiology Series

AvMordecai P. Blaustein,Joseph P. Y. Kao

Häftad, Engelska, 2019

Del i serien Mosby's Physiology Monograph

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Beskrivning

Gain a foundational understanding of complex physiology concepts with this thoroughly revised text. Cellular Physiology and Neurophysiology, a volume in the Mosby Physiology Series, explains the fundamentals of these multi-faceted areas in a clear and concise manner. It helps bridge the gap between basic biochemistry, molecular and cell biology, and neuroscience, and organ and systems physiology, providing the rich, clinically oriented coverage needed to master the latest concepts in neuroscience and how cells function in health and disease.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum:2019-06-25
Mått:191 x 235 x 13 mm
Vikt:630 g
Format:Häftad
Språk:Engelska
Serie:Mosby's Physiology Monograph
Antal sidor:304
Upplaga:3
Förlag:Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN:9780323596190

Utforska kategorier

Fysiologi inom Medicin

Innehållsförteckning

SECTION I, Fundamental Physicochemical ConceptsCHAPTER 1, INTRODUCTION: HOMEOSTASIS AND CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGYHomeostasis Enables the Body to Survive in Diverse EnvironmentsThe Body Is an Ensemble of Functionally and Spatially Distinct CompartmentsTransport Processes Are Essential to Physiological FunctionCellular Physiology Focuses on Membrane-Mediated Processes and on Muscle FunctionSummaryKey Words and ConceptsCHAPTER 2, DIFFUSION AND PERMEABILITYDiffusion Is the Migration of Molecules down a Concentration GradientFick's First Law of Diffusion Summarizes our Intuitive Understanding of DiffusionEssential Aspects of Diffusion Are Revealed by Quantitative Examination of Random, Microscopic Movements of MoleculesFick's First Law Can Be Used to Describe Diffusion across a Membrane BarrierSummaryKey Words and ConceptsStudy ProblemsCHAPTER 3, OSMOTIC PRESSURE AND WATER MOVEMENT Osmosis Is the Transport of Solvent Driven by a Difference in Solute Concentration Across a Membrane That Is Impermeable to SoluteWater Transport during Osmosis Leads to Changes in VolumeOsmotic Pressure Drives the Net Transport of Water during OsmosisOsmotic Pressure and Hydrostatic Pressure Are Functionally Equivalent in Their Ability to Drive Water Movement Through a MembraneOnly Impermeant Solutes Can Have Permanent Osmotic EffectsSummaryKey Words and ConceptsStudy ProblemsCHAPTER 4, ELECTRICAL CONSEQUENCES OF IONIC GRADIENTS Ions Are Typically Present at Different Concentrations on Opposite Sides of a BiomembraneSelective Ionic Permeability Through Membranes Has Electrical Consequences: The Nernst EquationThe Stable Resting Membrane Potential in a Living Cell Is Established by Balancing Multiple Ionic FluxesThe Cell Can Change Its Membrane Potential by Selectively Changing Membrane Permeability to Certain IonsThe Donnan Effect Is an Osmotic Threat to Living CellsSummaryKey Words and ConceptsStudy ProblemsSECTION II, Ion Channels and Excitable MembranesCHAPTER 5, ION CHANNELS Ion Channels Are Critical Determinants of the Electrical Behavior of MembranesDistinct Types of Ion Channels Have Several Common PropertiesIon Channels Share Structural Similarities and Can Be Grouped into Gene FamiliesSummaryKey Words and ConceptsStudy ProblemsCHAPTER 6, PASSIVE ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF MEMBRANES The Time Course and Spread of Membrane Potential Changes Are Predicted by the Passive Electrical Properties of the MembraneThe Equivalent Circuit of a Membrane Has a Resistor in Parallel with a CapacitorPassive Membrane Properties Produce Linear Current-Voltage RelationshipsMembrane Capacitance Affects the Time Course of Voltage ChangesMembrane and Axoplasmic Resistances Affect the Passive Spread of Subthreshold Electrical SignalsSummaryKey Words and ConceptsStudy ProblemsCHAPTER 7, GENERATION AND PROPAGATION OF THE ACTION POTENTIAL The Action Potential Is a Rapid and Transient Depolarization of the Membrane Potential in Electrically Excitable CellsIon Channel Function Is Studied with a Voltage ClampIndividual Ion Channels Have Two Conductance LevelsNa+ Channels Inactivate during Maintained DepolarizationAction Potentials Are Generated by Voltage-Gated Na+ and K+ ChannelsAction Potential Propagation Occurs as a Result of Local Circuit CurrentsSummaryKey Words and ConceptsStudy ProblemsCHAPTER 8, ION CHANNEL DIVERSITY Various Types of Ion Channels Help to Regulate Cellular ProcessesVoltage-Gated Ca2+ Channels Contribute to Electrical Activity and Mediate Ca2+ Entry into CellsMany Members of the Transient Receptor Potential Superfamily of Channels Mediate Ca2+ EntryK+-Selective Channels Are the Most Diverse Type of ChannelIon Channel Activity Can Be Regulated by Second-Messenger PathwaysSummaryKey Words and ConceptsStudy ProblemsSECTION III, Solute TransportCHAPTER 9, ELECTROCHEMICAL POTENTIAL ENERGY AND TRANSPORT PROCESSES Electrochemical Potential Energy Drives All Transport ProcessesSummaryKey Words and ConceptsStudy ProblemsCHAPTER 10, PASSIVE SOLUTE TRANSPORT Diffusion across Biological Membranes Is Limited by Lipid SolubilityChannel, Carrier, and Pump Proteins Mediate Transport across Biological MembranesCarriers Are Integral Membrane Proteins That Open to Only One Side of the Membrane at a TimeCoupling the Transport of One Solute to the "Downhill" Transport of Another Solute Enables Carriers to Move the Cotransported or Countertransported Solute "Uphill" against an Electrochemical GradientNet Transport of Some Solutes across Epithelia Is Effected by Coupling Two Transport Processes in SeriesNa+ Is Exchanged for Solutes Such as Ca2+ and H+ by Countertransport Mechanisms Multiple Transport Systems Can Be Functionally CoupledSummaryKey Words and ConceptsStudy ProblemsCHAPTER 11, ACTIVE TRANSPORT Primary Active Transport Converts the Chemical Energy from ATP into Electrochemical Potential Energy Stored in Solute GradientsThe Plasma Membrane Na+ Pump (Na+, K+-ATPase) Maintains the Low Na+ and High K+ Concentrations in the CytosolIntracellular Ca2+ Signaling Is Universal and Is Closely Tied to Ca2+ HomeostasisSeveral Other Plasma Membrane Transport ATPases Are Physiologically Important Net Transport across Epithelial Cells Depends on the Coupling of Apical and Basolateral Membrane Transport SystemsSummaryKey Words and ConceptsStudy ProblemsSECTION IV, Physiology of Synaptic TransmissionCHAPTER 12, SYNAPTIC PHYSIOLOGY I The Synapse Is a Junction Between Cells That Is Specialized for Cell-Cell SignalingNeurons Communicate with Other Neurons and with Muscle by Releasing NeurotransmittersThe Synaptic Vesicle Cycle Is a Precisely Choreographed Process for Delivering Neurotransmitter into the Synaptic CleftShort-Term Synaptic Plasticity Is a Transient, Use-Dependent Change in the Efficacy of Synaptic TransmissionSummaryKey Words and ConceptsStudy ProblemsCHAPTER 13, SYNAPTIC PHYSIOLOGY IIChemical Synapses Afford Specificity, Variety, and Fine Tuning of Neurotransmission Receptors Mediate the Actions of Neurotransmitters in Postsynaptic CellsAcetylcholine Receptors Can Be Ionotropic or MetabotropicAmino Acid Neurotransmitters Mediate Many Excitatory and Inhibitory Responses in the BrainNeurotransmitters That Bind to Ionotropic Receptors Cause Membrane Conductance ChangesBiogenic Amines, Purines, and Neuropeptides Are Important Classes of Transmitters with a Wide Spectrum of ActionsUnconventional Neurotransmitters Modulate Many Complex Physiological ResponsesLong-Term Synaptic Potentiation and Depression Are Persistent Changes in the Efficacy of Synaptic Transmission Induced by Neural ActivitySummaryKey Words and ConceptsStudy ProblemsSECTION V, Molecular Motors and Muscle ContractionCHAPTER 14, MOLECULAR MOTORS AND THE MECHANISM OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION Molecular Motors Produce Movement by Converting Chemical Energy into Kinetic EnergySingle Skeletal Muscle Fibers Are Composed of Many MyofibrilsThe Sarcomere Is the Basic Unit of Contraction in Skeletal MuscleMuscle Contraction Results from Thick and Thin Filaments Sliding Past Each Other (The "Sliding Filament" Mechanism)The Cross-Bridge Cycle Powers Muscle ContractionIn Skeletal and Cardiac Muscles, Ca2+ Activates Contraction by Binding to the Regulatory Protein Troponin CThe Structure and Function of Cardiac Muscle and Smooth Muscle Are Distinctly Different from Those of Skeletal MuscleSummaryKey Words and ConceptsStudy ProblemsCHAPTER 15, EXCITATION-CONTRACTION COUPLING IN MUSCLE Skeletal Muscle Contraction Is Initiated by a Depolarization of the Surface MembraneDirect Mechanical Interaction Between Sarcolemmal and Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Membrane Proteins Mediates Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Skeletal MuscleCa2+-Induced Ca2+ Release Is Central to Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Cardiac MuscleSmooth Muscle Excitation-Contraction Coupling Is Fundamentally Different from That in Skeletal and Cardiac MusclesSummaryKey Words and ConceptsStudy ProblemsCHAPTER 16, MECHANICS OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION The Total Force Generated by a Skeletal Muscle Can Be VariedSkeletal Muscle Mechanics Is Characterized by Two Fundamental RelationshipsThere Are Three Types of Skeletal Muscle Motor UnitsThe Force Generated by Cardiac Muscle Is Regulated by Mechanisms That Control Intracellular Ca2+Mechanical Properties of Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Are Similar but Quantitatively DifferentDynamics of Smooth Muscle Contraction Differ Markedly from Those of Skeletal and Cardiac MuscleThe Relationships among Intracellular Ca2+, Myosin Light Chain Phosphorylation, and Force in Smooth Muscles Is ComplexSummaryKey Words and ConceptsStudy ProblemsSEction VI Epilogue and AppendiciesEPILOGUEAPPENDIX A, ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS, AND NUMERICAL CONSTANTSAbbreviationsSymbolsNumerical ConstantsAPPENDIX B, A MATHEMATICAL REFRESHERExponentsLogarithmsSolving Quadratic EquationsDifferentiation and DerivativesIntegration: The Antiderivative and the Definite IntegralDifferential EquationsAPPENDIX C, ROOT-MEAN-SQUARED DISPLACEMENT OF DIFFUSING MOLECULESAPPENDIX D, SUMMARY OF ELEMENTARY CIRCUIT THEORYCell Membranes Are Modeled with Electrical CircuitsDefinitions of Electrical ParametersCurrent Flow in Simple CircuitsAPPENDIX E, ANSWERS TO STUDY PROBLEMSAPPENDIX F, REVIEW EXAMINATIONAnswers to Review Examination