Kirkland W. Davis, MD, FACR is Professor of Radiology and Director of Radiography and Teleradiology in the Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention with the Department of Radiology at the University of Virginia School of Medicine in Charlottesville, Virginia. Dr. Davis has a special interest in interventional musculoskeletal procedures, such as vertebroplasty, radiofrequency ablation, cryoablation, and spine injections. He also carries expertise in extremity and spine hardware and sports medicine imaging, particularly the hip and knee. Donna G. Blankenbaker, MD, FACR, is professor of radiology, medical director of outpatient radiology, and co-director of medical student radiology education at University of Wisconsin (UW). She serves on five UW Hospital and Clinics and Department of Radiology committees and six national committees. Blankenbaker is a co-lead author from the 3e of Diagnostic Imaging: Musculoskeletal Trauma.

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• SECTION 1: ARTHRITISINTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW4 Introduction to ArthritisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACREROSIVE10 Rheumatoid Arthritis of Axial SkeletonB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR16 Rheumatoid Arthritis of Shoulder and ElbowB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR22 Rheumatoid Arthritis of Wrist and HandB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR28 Rheumatoid Arthritis of HipB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR32 Rheumatoid Arthritis of KneeB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR36 Rheumatoid Arthritis of Ankle and FootB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR40 Robust Rheumatoid ArthritisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR41 Felty SyndromeB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR42 Juvenile Idiopathic ArthritisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR48 Adult Still DiseaseB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRPRODUCTIVE50 Osteoarthritis of Axial SkeletonB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR54 DISHB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR60 OPLLB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR64 Rapidly Progressive Osteoarthritis66 Osteoarthritis of Shoulder and ElbowB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR70 Osteoarthritis of Wrist and HandB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR74 Osteoarthritis of HipB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR80 Osteoarthritis of KneeB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRMIXED EROSIVE AND PRODUCTIVE86 Ankylosing SpondylitisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR92 Inflammatory Bowel Disease ArthritisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR98 Psoriatic ArthritisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR104 Chronic Reactive ArthritisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRDUE TO BIOCHEMICAL DISORDERS OR DEPOSITIONAL DISEASE110 GoutEva M. Escobedo, MD, B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR, andKirkland W. Davis, MD, FACR116 Pyrophosphate ArthropathyB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR122 Hydroxyapatite Deposition DiseaseB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR128 Amyloid DepositionB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR134 HemochromatosisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR135 OchronosisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR136 Wilson DiseaseB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR137 OxalosisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRMISCELLANEOUS JOINT DISORDERS138 Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis (PVNS)B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR144 Intraarticular ChondromaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR148 Nodular Synovitis (Intraarticular)B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR152 Multicentric ReticulohistiocytosisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR153 Synovial Vascular MalformationB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR154 Synovial ChondromatosisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR160 Charcot (Neuropathic)B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR166 Hypertrophic OsteoarthropathyB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR172 Complex Regional Pain SyndrB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRSECTION 2: OSSEOUS TUMORS AND TUMOR-LIKE CONDITIONS INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW180 Bone Tumors: Diagnosis, Staging, and BiopsyB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR188 Bone Tumors: Treatment Options and Follow-UpB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRBONE-FORMING TUMORS194 Enostosis (Bone Island)B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR198 OsteomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR204 Osteoid OsteomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR210 OsteoblastomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR216 Conventional OsteosarcomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR222 Parosteal OsteosarcomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR228 Periosteal OsteosarcomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR232 Telangiectatic OsteosarcomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR236 Low-Grade Central OsteosarcomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR240 High-Grade Surface OsteosarcomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR242 Secondary OsteosarcomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRCARTILAGE-FORMING TUMORS246 EnchondromaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR252 OsteochondromaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR258 Multiple Hereditary ExostosesB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR264 ChondroblastomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR268 Chondromyxoid FibromaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR272 Periosteal ChondromaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR278 ChondrosarcomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR284 Dedifferentiated ChondrosarcomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR286 Periosteal ChondrosarcomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR288 Clear Cell ChondrosarcomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRMARROW TUMORS290 PlasmacytomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR and Chris Hanrahan, MD,PhD296 Multiple MyelomaChris Hanrahan, MD, PhD302 POEMSB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR304 Ewing SarcomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR310 Leukemia: Osseous ManifestationsB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR314 Lymphoma of BoneB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR320 Metastases: Bone MarrowB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACROTHER OSSEOUS TUMORS326 Desmoplastic FibromaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR330 Del_Liposclerosing Myxofibrous TumorB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR332 Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma of BoneB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR336 FibrosarcomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR338 Intraosseous LipomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR342 Giant Cell TumorB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR348 AdamantinomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR352 Hemangioma: IntraosseousB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR358 Epithelioid Hemangioma362 Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma of BoneB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR364 Angiosarcoma: OsseousB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR368 ChordomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRTUMOR-LIKE CONDITIONS372 Paget DiseaseB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR378 Langerhans Cell HistiocytosisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR384 Fibrous DysplasiaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR390 Osteofibrous DysplasiaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR396 Simple Bone CystB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR402 Aneurysmal Bone CystB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR408 FibroxanthomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRTUMORSBENIGN ADIPOCYTIC TUMORS430 Lipoma: Soft TissueCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD,FACR436 LipomatosisCatherine C. Roberts, MD442 Lipomatosis: NerveCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD,FACR446 Macrodystrophia LipomatosaCatherine C. Roberts, MD450 Lipoma Arborescens: KneeCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD,FACR454 Lipoblastoma/LipoblastomatosisCatherine C. Roberts, MD456 HibernomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD460 Parosteal LipomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD,FACRINTERMEDIATE ADIPOCYTIC TUMORS464 Atypical Lipomatous Tumor/Well-DifferentiatedLiposarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MDMALIGNANT ADIPOCYTIC TUMORS468 Myxoid LiposarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD,FACR472 Pleomorphic LiposarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD473 Dedifferentiated LiposarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MDFIBROBLASTIC/MYOFIBROBLASTIC TUMORS BENIGN FIBROUS TUMORS474 Nodular and Proliferative FasciitisCatherine C. Roberts, MD475 Bizarre Parosteal OsteochondromatousProliferationCatherine C. Roberts, MD476 ElastofibromaCatherine C. Roberts, MD480 Fibrous Hamartoma of InfancyCatherine C. Roberts, MD481 Myofibroma/MyofibromatosisCatherine C. Roberts, MD482 Fibromatosis ColliCatherine C. Roberts, MD483 Juvenile Hyaline FibromatosisCatherine C. Roberts, MD484 Fibroma of Tendon SheathCatherine C. Roberts, MD488 Desmoplastic FibroblastomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD490 Calcifying Aponeurotic FibromaCatherine C. Roberts, MD492 Myositis Ossificans/Heterotopic OssificationB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRINTERMEDIATE (LOCALLY AGGRESSIVE) FIBROUS TUMORS498 Superficial FibromatosesCatherine C. Roberts, MD502 Desmoid-Type FibromatosisCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRINTERMEDIATE (RARELY METASTASIZING) FIBROHISTIOCYTIC TUMORS508 Solitary Fibrous Tumor and HemangiopericytomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR514 Inflammatory Myofibroblastic TumorCatherine C. Roberts, MD518 Infantile FibrosarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MDMALIGNANT FIBROUS TUMORS520 Fibrosarcoma: Soft TissueCatherine C. Roberts, MD524 MyxofibrosarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD528 Low-Grade Fibromyxoid SarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD530 Sclerosing Epithelioid FibrosarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD534 Dermatofibrosarcoma ProtuberansCatherine C. Roberts, MDSO-CALLED FIBROHISTIOCYTIC TUMORS BENIGN FIBROHISTIOCYTIC TUMORS538 Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor, ExtraarticularCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR544 Diffuse-Type Giant Cell Tumor (Extraarticular PVNS)Catherine C. Roberts, MD546 Deep Benign Fibrous HistiocytomaCatherine C. Roberts, MDMALIGNANT FIBROHISTIOCYTIC TUMORS548 Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma WithProminent InflammationCatherine C. Roberts, MDSMOOTH MUSCLE TUMORSSMOOTH MUSCLE TUMORS, BENIGN550 Leiomyoma: Superficial and DeepCatherine C. Roberts, MDSMOOTH MUSCLE TUMORS, MALIGNANT554 LeiomyosarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRPERICYTIC (PERIVASCULAR) TUMORS560 Glomus TumorCatherine C. Roberts, MD564 AngioleiomyomaCatherine C. Roberts, MDSKELETAL MUSCLE TUMORSSKELETAL MUSCLE TUMORS, BENIGN566 RhabdomyomaCatherine C. Roberts, MDSKELETAL MUSCLE TUMORS, MALIGNANT568 RhabdomyosarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MDVASCULAR AND LYMPHATIC TUMORSBENIGN VASCULAR TUMORS574 Vascular MalformationsCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR580 Hemangioma584 AngiomatosisCatherine C. Roberts, MD586 Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber SyndromeCatherine C. Roberts, MD590 LymphangiomaCatherine C. Roberts, MDINTERMEDIATE (RARELY METASTASIZING)VASCULAR TUMORS594 Kaposi SarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD598 Hemangioendothelioma: Soft TissueCatherine C. Roberts, MDMALIGNANT VASCULAR TUMORS600 Angiosarcoma: Soft TissueB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRCHONDROOSSEOUS TUMORS604 Chondroma: Soft TissueCatherine C. Roberts, MD606 Extraskeletal Mesenchymal ChondrosarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD608 Extraskeletal OsteosarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MDTUMORS OF UNCERTAIN DIFFERENTIATIONBENIGN TUMORS OF UNCERTAIN DIFFERENTIATION612 Phosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumor614 MyxomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRINTERMEDIATE TUMORS (RARELY METASTASIZING) OF UNCERTAIN DIFFERENTIATION620 Angiomatoid Fibrous Histiocytoma622 Ossifying Fibromyxoid TumorCatherine C. Roberts, MDMALIGNANT TUMORS OF UNCERTAIN DIFFERENTIATION624 Undifferentiated Pleomorphic SarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR628 Synovial SarcomaStephanie Bernard, MD, Catherine C. Roberts, MD, andKirkland W. Davis, MD, FACR634 Epithelioid SarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD638 Extraskeletal Myxoid ChondrosarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR642 PNET/Extraskeletal Ewing SarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MDPERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATH TUMORS NONNEOPLASTIC644 Morton NeuromaCatherine C. Roberts, MD648 Traumatic NeuromaCatherine C. Roberts, MDNEUROFIBROMA650 NeurofibromaCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD,FACRSCHWANNOMA656 SchwannomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD,FACRMALIGNANT PERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATHTUMOR662 Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath TumorCatherine C. Roberts, MDSKIN AND SUBCUTANEOUS LESIONS666 Epidermoid/Epidermal Inclusion CystCatherine C. Roberts, MD668 Rheumatoid NoduleCatherine C. Roberts, MD672 Metastases: Soft TissueCatherine C. Roberts, MD676 MelanomaCatherine C. Roberts, MDSOFT TISSUE TUMOR MIMICS682 Soft Tissue Tumor Mimics: Infection/InflammationCatherine C. Roberts, MD686 Soft Tissue Tumor Mimics: VascularCatherine C. Roberts, MD690 Soft Tissue Tumor Mimics: Crystal DiseaseCatherine C. Roberts, MD694 Soft Tissue Tumor Mimics: OtherCatherine C. Roberts, MD700 XanthomaCatherine C. Roberts, MDSECTION 4: CONGENITAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIES GENERAL706 ArthrogryposisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR707 Amniotic Band SyndromeB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR708 Cerebral PalsyB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR709 Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR710 Fibrodysplasia Ossificans ProgressivaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR711 Muscular DystrophyB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR712 NeurofibromatosisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR718 Osteogenesis ImperfectaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR724 Turner SyndromeB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRUPPER EXTREMITY725 Glenoid HypoplasiaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR726 Madelung DeformityB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR730 Ulnar VarianceB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRLOWER EXTREMITY734 Developmental Dysplasia of HipB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR740 Slipped Capital Femoral EpiphysisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR746 Proximal Femoral Focal DeficiencyB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR750 Osgood-Schlatter DiseaseB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR751 Sinding-Larsen-Johansson DiseaseB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR752 Blount DiseaseB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR754 Pes Planus (Flatfoot)B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR760 Club Foot (Talipes Equinovarus)B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR764 Congenital Vertical Talus (Rocker-Bottom Foot)B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR765 Pes CavusB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR766 Tarsal CoalitionB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRSECTION 5: DYSPLASIAS SKELETAL DYSPLASIA DWARFISM DYSPLASIA774 Introduction to Dwarfing DysplasiasCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA778 AchondroplasiaCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA782 PseudoachondroplasiaCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA783 AchondrogenesisCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA784 Thanatophoric DwarfismCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA786 Asphyxiating Thoracic Dystrophy of JeuneCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA787 Chondroectodermal Dysplasia (Ellis-van Creveld)Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA788 Spondyloepiphyseal DysplasiaCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA792 Multiple Epiphyseal DysplasiaCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBANONDWARFING DYSPLASIAS796 Ollier DiseaseCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA800 Maffucci SyndromeCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA801 Chondrodysplasia PunctataCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA802 Cleidocranial DysplasiaCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA803 Caffey DiseaseCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA804 Fong Disease (Nail Patella Syndrome)Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBASCLEROSING DYSPLASIAS806 MelorheostosisCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA and B. J. Manaster, MD,PhD, FACR810 Progressive Diaphyseal DysplasiaCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA814 OsteopetrosisCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA820 PycnodysostosisCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA824 Osteitis CondensansCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA826 Osteitis Pubis: Non-Traumatic OriginCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA828 Intramedullary OsteosclerosisCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA and B. J. Manaster, MD,PhD, FACR829 Other Sclerosing Conditions of BoneCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBASECTION 6: SYSTEMIC DISEASES WITHMSK INVOLVEMENTGENERAL832 Complications of ParaplegiaDonna G. Blankenbaker, MD, FACR and B. J. Manaster,MD, PhD, FACR836 AcroosteolysisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR840 Sickle Cell AnemiaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR846 ThalassemiaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR852 MyelofibrosisDonna G. Blankenbaker, MD, FACR, B. J. Manaster, MD,PhD, FACR, and Stephanie Bernard, MD856 HemophiliaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR862 DiabetesB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR868 HIV/AIDSB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR874 Sarcoidosis: BoneSandra Moore, MD878 Sarcoidosis: MuscleSandra Moore, MD880 Sarcoidosis: JointSandra Moore, MD881 Sarcoidosis: Soft TissueSandra Moore, MD882 MastocytosisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR884 Tuberous SclerosisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRSTORAGE DISORDERS888 Gaucher DiseaseB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR892 MucopolysaccharidosesB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRCONNECTIVE TISSUE DISORDERS894 Systemic Lupus ErythematosusB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR898 Systemic SclerosisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR902 Inflammatory MyopathyB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR908 Overlap Syndrome/Mixed Connective Tissue DiseaseB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR909 HomocystinuriaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR910 Marfan and Ehlers-Danlos SyndromeB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR912 Erdheim-Chester DiseaseB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRSOFT TISSUE DISORDERS914 Denervation HypertrophyCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBAVASCULAR916 Embolic DiseaseB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR917 MeningococcemiaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRSECTION 7: ORTHOPEDIC IMPLANTS OR ARTHRODESISARTHROPLASTIES AND ARTHRODESIS920 Introduction to ArthroplastiesB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR928 Hip ImplantB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR934 Revision ArthroplastyB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR938 Knee ImplantB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR944 Shoulder ImplantB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR948 Elbow ImplantB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR950 Ankle ImplantB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR952 Ankle ArthrodesisJulia R. Crim, MD954 Small Joint Implants and Arthrodesis: Hand and ToesB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRINTERNAL FIXATION960 Hallux Valgus CorrectionsJulia R. Crim, MD962 Intramedullary Nail/RodKirkland W. Davis, MD, FACR and Cheryl A. Petersilge,MD, MBA966 Plate FixationKirkland W. Davis, MD, FACR and Cheryl A. Petersilge,MD, MBA970 Screw FixationKirkland W. Davis, MD, FACR and Cheryl A. Petersilge,MD, MBA976 Cement and Bone FillersCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA982 Wire/Cerclage/Cable FixationCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA983 Anchoring DevicesCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBASECTION 8: INFECTIONOSTEOMYELITIS986 Acute Osteomyelitis: ChildCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA990 Acute Osteomyelitis: AdultB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR996 Spinal InfectionsCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1002 Chronic OsteomyelitisCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBASOFT TISSUE AND JOINTS1006 Septic ArthritisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1012 Infectious TenosynovitisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1013 Infectious BursitisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1014 Soft Tissue InfectionB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1018 Necrotizing FasciitisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRSPECIFIC PATHOGENS1020 TuberculosisCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1026 Fungal InfectionCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1027 BrucellosisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1028 Madura FootCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1029 Rocky Mountain Spotted FeverB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRSyphilisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1032 PolioB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1033 Parasitic InfectionCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBACONDITIONS OF UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY1034 SAPHOCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1035 Chronic Recurrent Multifocal OsteomyelitisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRSECTION 9: BONE MARROW DISTRIBUTION PATTERN1038 Marrow Distribution: NormalSandra Moore, MD1042 Increased or Decreased Marrow CellularitySandra Moore, MD1048 Diffuse Marrow Infiltration and ReplacementSandra Moore, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1054 Focal Marrow Infiltration and ReplacementSandra Moore, MDSECTION 10: BONE MARROW EDEMAAND NECROSISBONE MARROW EDEMA1060 Transient Bone Marrow Edema and RegionalMigratory OsteoporosisCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBAOSTEONECROSISINTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW1062 Introduction to OsteonecrosisCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1066 Bone InfarctB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1070 Osteonecrosis of HipCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA and B. J. Manaster, MD,PhD, FACR1076 Osteonecrosis of ShoulderCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1077 Osteonecrosis of KneeCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1078 Osteonecrosis of WristCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA and B. J. Manaster, MD,PhD, FACR1082 Osteonecrosis of Ankle and FootCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA and B. J. Manaster, MD,PhD, FACR1086 Legg-Calvé-Perthes DiseaseBrady K. Huang, MD, B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR, andStephanie Bernard, MDSECTION 11: METABOLIC BONE DISEASE INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW1094 Introduction to Metabolic Bone DiseaseCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBADISEASES OF CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS1100 HyperparathyroidismCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1106 Osteomalacia and RicketsCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1110 Renal OsteodystrophyCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA and B. J. Manaster, MD,PhD, FACR1116 Dialysis-Related Disease, Metastatic CalcificationCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1117 Dialysis-Related Disease, SpondyloarthropathyCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1118 Hypoparathyroidism, Pseudo- andPseudopseudohypoparathyroidismCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBAOSTEOPOROSIS1120 Primary OsteoporosisCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1124 Disuse OsteoporosisCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1125 Idiopathic Juvenile OsteoporosisCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1126 AnorexiaDonna G. Blankenbaker, MD, FACR and B. J. Manaster,MD, PhD, FACR1127 Osteoporosis: Other CausesCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBAPITUITARY DISORDERS1128 Pituitary Disorders: Acromegaly and GrowthHormone DeficiencyCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBATHYROID DISEASE1130 Hypothyroidism and CretinismCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1132 HyperthyroidismCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1133 Thyroid AcropachyCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBAMISCELLANEOUS METABOLIC CONDITIONS1134 HypophosphatasiaCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1136 Cushing SyndromeCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1137 Tumoral (Idiopathic) CalcinosisDonna G. Blankenbaker, MD, FACR and Cheryl A.Petersilge, MD, MBASECTION 12: DRUG-INDUCED AND NUTRITIONAL MSK CONDITIONS DRUG-INDUCED EMBRYOPATHY1140 Medications1144 Warfarin (Coumadin): ComplicationsB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1145 AlcoholB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRDRUG-INDUCED CONDITIONS1146 Substance Abuse1150 Anticonvulsants1154 CorticosteroidsB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1155 BisphosphonatesCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1156 Prostaglandins1157 Hypervitaminosis A and RetinoidsB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1158 Vitamin DB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1159 Retinoid-Associated OsteoarthritisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1160 Statins1164 Metals and MineralsB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1165 Fluoride: ComplicationsB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1166 VoriconazoleB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1167 QuinolonesB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRNUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY1168 ScurvyB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR

Kirkland W. Davis, MD, FACR is Professor of Radiology and Director of Radiography and Teleradiology in the Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention with the Department of Radiology at the University of Virginia School of Medicine in Charlottesville, Virginia. Dr. Davis has a special interest in interventional musculoskeletal procedures, such as vertebroplasty, radiofrequency ablation, cryoablation, and spine injections. He also carries expertise in extremity and spine hardware and sports medicine imaging, particularly the hip and knee. Donna G. Blankenbaker, MD, FACR, is professor of radiology, medical director of outpatient radiology, and co-director of medical student radiology education at University of Wisconsin (UW). She serves on five UW Hospital and Clinics and Department of Radiology committees and six national committees. Blankenbaker is a co-lead author from the 3e of Diagnostic Imaging: Musculoskeletal Trauma.

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• SECTION 1: ARTHRITISINTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW4 Introduction to ArthritisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACREROSIVE10 Rheumatoid Arthritis of Axial SkeletonB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR16 Rheumatoid Arthritis of Shoulder and ElbowB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR22 Rheumatoid Arthritis of Wrist and HandB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR28 Rheumatoid Arthritis of HipB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR32 Rheumatoid Arthritis of KneeB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR36 Rheumatoid Arthritis of Ankle and FootB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR40 Robust Rheumatoid ArthritisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR41 Felty SyndromeB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR42 Juvenile Idiopathic ArthritisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR48 Adult Still DiseaseB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRPRODUCTIVE50 Osteoarthritis of Axial SkeletonB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR54 DISHB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR60 OPLLB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR64 Rapidly Progressive Osteoarthritis66 Osteoarthritis of Shoulder and ElbowB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR70 Osteoarthritis of Wrist and HandB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR74 Osteoarthritis of HipB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR80 Osteoarthritis of KneeB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRMIXED EROSIVE AND PRODUCTIVE86 Ankylosing SpondylitisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR92 Inflammatory Bowel Disease ArthritisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR98 Psoriatic ArthritisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR104 Chronic Reactive ArthritisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRDUE TO BIOCHEMICAL DISORDERS OR DEPOSITIONAL DISEASE110 GoutEva M. Escobedo, MD, B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR, andKirkland W. Davis, MD, FACR116 Pyrophosphate ArthropathyB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR122 Hydroxyapatite Deposition DiseaseB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR128 Amyloid DepositionB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR134 HemochromatosisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR135 OchronosisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR136 Wilson DiseaseB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR137 OxalosisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRMISCELLANEOUS JOINT DISORDERS138 Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis (PVNS)B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR144 Intraarticular ChondromaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR148 Nodular Synovitis (Intraarticular)B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR152 Multicentric ReticulohistiocytosisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR153 Synovial Vascular MalformationB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR154 Synovial ChondromatosisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR160 Charcot (Neuropathic)B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR166 Hypertrophic OsteoarthropathyB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR172 Complex Regional Pain SyndrB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRSECTION 2: OSSEOUS TUMORS AND TUMOR-LIKE CONDITIONS INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW180 Bone Tumors: Diagnosis, Staging, and BiopsyB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR188 Bone Tumors: Treatment Options and Follow-UpB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRBONE-FORMING TUMORS194 Enostosis (Bone Island)B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR198 OsteomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR204 Osteoid OsteomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR210 OsteoblastomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR216 Conventional OsteosarcomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR222 Parosteal OsteosarcomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR228 Periosteal OsteosarcomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR232 Telangiectatic OsteosarcomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR236 Low-Grade Central OsteosarcomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR240 High-Grade Surface OsteosarcomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR242 Secondary OsteosarcomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRCARTILAGE-FORMING TUMORS246 EnchondromaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR252 OsteochondromaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR258 Multiple Hereditary ExostosesB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR264 ChondroblastomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR268 Chondromyxoid FibromaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR272 Periosteal ChondromaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR278 ChondrosarcomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR284 Dedifferentiated ChondrosarcomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR286 Periosteal ChondrosarcomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR288 Clear Cell ChondrosarcomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRMARROW TUMORS290 PlasmacytomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR and Chris Hanrahan, MD,PhD296 Multiple MyelomaChris Hanrahan, MD, PhD302 POEMSB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR304 Ewing SarcomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR310 Leukemia: Osseous ManifestationsB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR314 Lymphoma of BoneB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR320 Metastases: Bone MarrowB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACROTHER OSSEOUS TUMORS326 Desmoplastic FibromaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR330 Del_Liposclerosing Myxofibrous TumorB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR332 Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma of BoneB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR336 FibrosarcomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR338 Intraosseous LipomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR342 Giant Cell TumorB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR348 AdamantinomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR352 Hemangioma: IntraosseousB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR358 Epithelioid Hemangioma362 Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma of BoneB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR364 Angiosarcoma: OsseousB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR368 ChordomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRTUMOR-LIKE CONDITIONS372 Paget DiseaseB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR378 Langerhans Cell HistiocytosisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR384 Fibrous DysplasiaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR390 Osteofibrous DysplasiaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR396 Simple Bone CystB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR402 Aneurysmal Bone CystB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR408 FibroxanthomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRTUMORSBENIGN ADIPOCYTIC TUMORS430 Lipoma: Soft TissueCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD,FACR436 LipomatosisCatherine C. Roberts, MD442 Lipomatosis: NerveCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD,FACR446 Macrodystrophia LipomatosaCatherine C. Roberts, MD450 Lipoma Arborescens: KneeCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD,FACR454 Lipoblastoma/LipoblastomatosisCatherine C. Roberts, MD456 HibernomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD460 Parosteal LipomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD,FACRINTERMEDIATE ADIPOCYTIC TUMORS464 Atypical Lipomatous Tumor/Well-DifferentiatedLiposarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MDMALIGNANT ADIPOCYTIC TUMORS468 Myxoid LiposarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD,FACR472 Pleomorphic LiposarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD473 Dedifferentiated LiposarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MDFIBROBLASTIC/MYOFIBROBLASTIC TUMORS BENIGN FIBROUS TUMORS474 Nodular and Proliferative FasciitisCatherine C. Roberts, MD475 Bizarre Parosteal OsteochondromatousProliferationCatherine C. Roberts, MD476 ElastofibromaCatherine C. Roberts, MD480 Fibrous Hamartoma of InfancyCatherine C. Roberts, MD481 Myofibroma/MyofibromatosisCatherine C. Roberts, MD482 Fibromatosis ColliCatherine C. Roberts, MD483 Juvenile Hyaline FibromatosisCatherine C. Roberts, MD484 Fibroma of Tendon SheathCatherine C. Roberts, MD488 Desmoplastic FibroblastomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD490 Calcifying Aponeurotic FibromaCatherine C. Roberts, MD492 Myositis Ossificans/Heterotopic OssificationB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRINTERMEDIATE (LOCALLY AGGRESSIVE) FIBROUS TUMORS498 Superficial FibromatosesCatherine C. Roberts, MD502 Desmoid-Type FibromatosisCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRINTERMEDIATE (RARELY METASTASIZING) FIBROHISTIOCYTIC TUMORS508 Solitary Fibrous Tumor and HemangiopericytomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR514 Inflammatory Myofibroblastic TumorCatherine C. Roberts, MD518 Infantile FibrosarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MDMALIGNANT FIBROUS TUMORS520 Fibrosarcoma: Soft TissueCatherine C. Roberts, MD524 MyxofibrosarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD528 Low-Grade Fibromyxoid SarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD530 Sclerosing Epithelioid FibrosarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD534 Dermatofibrosarcoma ProtuberansCatherine C. Roberts, MDSO-CALLED FIBROHISTIOCYTIC TUMORS BENIGN FIBROHISTIOCYTIC TUMORS538 Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor, ExtraarticularCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR544 Diffuse-Type Giant Cell Tumor (Extraarticular PVNS)Catherine C. Roberts, MD546 Deep Benign Fibrous HistiocytomaCatherine C. Roberts, MDMALIGNANT FIBROHISTIOCYTIC TUMORS548 Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma WithProminent InflammationCatherine C. Roberts, MDSMOOTH MUSCLE TUMORSSMOOTH MUSCLE TUMORS, BENIGN550 Leiomyoma: Superficial and DeepCatherine C. Roberts, MDSMOOTH MUSCLE TUMORS, MALIGNANT554 LeiomyosarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRPERICYTIC (PERIVASCULAR) TUMORS560 Glomus TumorCatherine C. Roberts, MD564 AngioleiomyomaCatherine C. Roberts, MDSKELETAL MUSCLE TUMORSSKELETAL MUSCLE TUMORS, BENIGN566 RhabdomyomaCatherine C. Roberts, MDSKELETAL MUSCLE TUMORS, MALIGNANT568 RhabdomyosarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MDVASCULAR AND LYMPHATIC TUMORSBENIGN VASCULAR TUMORS574 Vascular MalformationsCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR580 Hemangioma584 AngiomatosisCatherine C. Roberts, MD586 Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber SyndromeCatherine C. Roberts, MD590 LymphangiomaCatherine C. Roberts, MDINTERMEDIATE (RARELY METASTASIZING)VASCULAR TUMORS594 Kaposi SarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD598 Hemangioendothelioma: Soft TissueCatherine C. Roberts, MDMALIGNANT VASCULAR TUMORS600 Angiosarcoma: Soft TissueB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRCHONDROOSSEOUS TUMORS604 Chondroma: Soft TissueCatherine C. Roberts, MD606 Extraskeletal Mesenchymal ChondrosarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD608 Extraskeletal OsteosarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MDTUMORS OF UNCERTAIN DIFFERENTIATIONBENIGN TUMORS OF UNCERTAIN DIFFERENTIATION612 Phosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumor614 MyxomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRINTERMEDIATE TUMORS (RARELY METASTASIZING) OF UNCERTAIN DIFFERENTIATION620 Angiomatoid Fibrous Histiocytoma622 Ossifying Fibromyxoid TumorCatherine C. Roberts, MDMALIGNANT TUMORS OF UNCERTAIN DIFFERENTIATION624 Undifferentiated Pleomorphic SarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR628 Synovial SarcomaStephanie Bernard, MD, Catherine C. Roberts, MD, andKirkland W. Davis, MD, FACR634 Epithelioid SarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD638 Extraskeletal Myxoid ChondrosarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR642 PNET/Extraskeletal Ewing SarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MDPERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATH TUMORS NONNEOPLASTIC644 Morton NeuromaCatherine C. Roberts, MD648 Traumatic NeuromaCatherine C. Roberts, MDNEUROFIBROMA650 NeurofibromaCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD,FACRSCHWANNOMA656 SchwannomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD,FACRMALIGNANT PERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATHTUMOR662 Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath TumorCatherine C. Roberts, MDSKIN AND SUBCUTANEOUS LESIONS666 Epidermoid/Epidermal Inclusion CystCatherine C. Roberts, MD668 Rheumatoid NoduleCatherine C. Roberts, MD672 Metastases: Soft TissueCatherine C. Roberts, MD676 MelanomaCatherine C. Roberts, MDSOFT TISSUE TUMOR MIMICS682 Soft Tissue Tumor Mimics: Infection/InflammationCatherine C. Roberts, MD686 Soft Tissue Tumor Mimics: VascularCatherine C. Roberts, MD690 Soft Tissue Tumor Mimics: Crystal DiseaseCatherine C. Roberts, MD694 Soft Tissue Tumor Mimics: OtherCatherine C. Roberts, MD700 XanthomaCatherine C. Roberts, MDSECTION 4: CONGENITAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIES GENERAL706 ArthrogryposisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR707 Amniotic Band SyndromeB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR708 Cerebral PalsyB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR709 Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR710 Fibrodysplasia Ossificans ProgressivaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR711 Muscular DystrophyB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR712 NeurofibromatosisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR718 Osteogenesis ImperfectaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR724 Turner SyndromeB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRUPPER EXTREMITY725 Glenoid HypoplasiaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR726 Madelung DeformityB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR730 Ulnar VarianceB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRLOWER EXTREMITY734 Developmental Dysplasia of HipB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR740 Slipped Capital Femoral EpiphysisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR746 Proximal Femoral Focal DeficiencyB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR750 Osgood-Schlatter DiseaseB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR751 Sinding-Larsen-Johansson DiseaseB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR752 Blount DiseaseB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR754 Pes Planus (Flatfoot)B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR760 Club Foot (Talipes Equinovarus)B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR764 Congenital Vertical Talus (Rocker-Bottom Foot)B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR765 Pes CavusB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR766 Tarsal CoalitionB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRSECTION 5: DYSPLASIAS SKELETAL DYSPLASIA DWARFISM DYSPLASIA774 Introduction to Dwarfing DysplasiasCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA778 AchondroplasiaCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA782 PseudoachondroplasiaCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA783 AchondrogenesisCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA784 Thanatophoric DwarfismCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA786 Asphyxiating Thoracic Dystrophy of JeuneCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA787 Chondroectodermal Dysplasia (Ellis-van Creveld)Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA788 Spondyloepiphyseal DysplasiaCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA792 Multiple Epiphyseal DysplasiaCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBANONDWARFING DYSPLASIAS796 Ollier DiseaseCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA800 Maffucci SyndromeCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA801 Chondrodysplasia PunctataCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA802 Cleidocranial DysplasiaCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA803 Caffey DiseaseCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA804 Fong Disease (Nail Patella Syndrome)Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBASCLEROSING DYSPLASIAS806 MelorheostosisCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA and B. J. Manaster, MD,PhD, FACR810 Progressive Diaphyseal DysplasiaCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA814 OsteopetrosisCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA820 PycnodysostosisCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA824 Osteitis CondensansCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA826 Osteitis Pubis: Non-Traumatic OriginCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA828 Intramedullary OsteosclerosisCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA and B. J. Manaster, MD,PhD, FACR829 Other Sclerosing Conditions of BoneCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBASECTION 6: SYSTEMIC DISEASES WITHMSK INVOLVEMENTGENERAL832 Complications of ParaplegiaDonna G. Blankenbaker, MD, FACR and B. J. Manaster,MD, PhD, FACR836 AcroosteolysisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR840 Sickle Cell AnemiaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR846 ThalassemiaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR852 MyelofibrosisDonna G. Blankenbaker, MD, FACR, B. J. Manaster, MD,PhD, FACR, and Stephanie Bernard, MD856 HemophiliaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR862 DiabetesB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR868 HIV/AIDSB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR874 Sarcoidosis: BoneSandra Moore, MD878 Sarcoidosis: MuscleSandra Moore, MD880 Sarcoidosis: JointSandra Moore, MD881 Sarcoidosis: Soft TissueSandra Moore, MD882 MastocytosisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR884 Tuberous SclerosisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRSTORAGE DISORDERS888 Gaucher DiseaseB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR892 MucopolysaccharidosesB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRCONNECTIVE TISSUE DISORDERS894 Systemic Lupus ErythematosusB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR898 Systemic SclerosisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR902 Inflammatory MyopathyB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR908 Overlap Syndrome/Mixed Connective Tissue DiseaseB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR909 HomocystinuriaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR910 Marfan and Ehlers-Danlos SyndromeB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR912 Erdheim-Chester DiseaseB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRSOFT TISSUE DISORDERS914 Denervation HypertrophyCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBAVASCULAR916 Embolic DiseaseB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR917 MeningococcemiaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRSECTION 7: ORTHOPEDIC IMPLANTS OR ARTHRODESISARTHROPLASTIES AND ARTHRODESIS920 Introduction to ArthroplastiesB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR928 Hip ImplantB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR934 Revision ArthroplastyB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR938 Knee ImplantB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR944 Shoulder ImplantB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR948 Elbow ImplantB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR950 Ankle ImplantB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR952 Ankle ArthrodesisJulia R. Crim, MD954 Small Joint Implants and Arthrodesis: Hand and ToesB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRINTERNAL FIXATION960 Hallux Valgus CorrectionsJulia R. Crim, MD962 Intramedullary Nail/RodKirkland W. Davis, MD, FACR and Cheryl A. Petersilge,MD, MBA966 Plate FixationKirkland W. Davis, MD, FACR and Cheryl A. Petersilge,MD, MBA970 Screw FixationKirkland W. Davis, MD, FACR and Cheryl A. Petersilge,MD, MBA976 Cement and Bone FillersCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA982 Wire/Cerclage/Cable FixationCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA983 Anchoring DevicesCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBASECTION 8: INFECTIONOSTEOMYELITIS986 Acute Osteomyelitis: ChildCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA990 Acute Osteomyelitis: AdultB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR996 Spinal InfectionsCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1002 Chronic OsteomyelitisCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBASOFT TISSUE AND JOINTS1006 Septic ArthritisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1012 Infectious TenosynovitisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1013 Infectious BursitisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1014 Soft Tissue InfectionB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1018 Necrotizing FasciitisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRSPECIFIC PATHOGENS1020 TuberculosisCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1026 Fungal InfectionCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1027 BrucellosisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1028 Madura FootCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1029 Rocky Mountain Spotted FeverB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRSyphilisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1032 PolioB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1033 Parasitic InfectionCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBACONDITIONS OF UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY1034 SAPHOCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1035 Chronic Recurrent Multifocal OsteomyelitisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRSECTION 9: BONE MARROW DISTRIBUTION PATTERN1038 Marrow Distribution: NormalSandra Moore, MD1042 Increased or Decreased Marrow CellularitySandra Moore, MD1048 Diffuse Marrow Infiltration and ReplacementSandra Moore, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1054 Focal Marrow Infiltration and ReplacementSandra Moore, MDSECTION 10: BONE MARROW EDEMAAND NECROSISBONE MARROW EDEMA1060 Transient Bone Marrow Edema and RegionalMigratory OsteoporosisCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBAOSTEONECROSISINTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW1062 Introduction to OsteonecrosisCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1066 Bone InfarctB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1070 Osteonecrosis of HipCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA and B. J. Manaster, MD,PhD, FACR1076 Osteonecrosis of ShoulderCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1077 Osteonecrosis of KneeCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1078 Osteonecrosis of WristCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA and B. J. Manaster, MD,PhD, FACR1082 Osteonecrosis of Ankle and FootCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA and B. J. Manaster, MD,PhD, FACR1086 Legg-Calvé-Perthes DiseaseBrady K. Huang, MD, B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR, andStephanie Bernard, MDSECTION 11: METABOLIC BONE DISEASE INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW1094 Introduction to Metabolic Bone DiseaseCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBADISEASES OF CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS1100 HyperparathyroidismCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1106 Osteomalacia and RicketsCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1110 Renal OsteodystrophyCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA and B. J. Manaster, MD,PhD, FACR1116 Dialysis-Related Disease, Metastatic CalcificationCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1117 Dialysis-Related Disease, SpondyloarthropathyCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1118 Hypoparathyroidism, Pseudo- andPseudopseudohypoparathyroidismCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBAOSTEOPOROSIS1120 Primary OsteoporosisCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1124 Disuse OsteoporosisCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1125 Idiopathic Juvenile OsteoporosisCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1126 AnorexiaDonna G. Blankenbaker, MD, FACR and B. J. Manaster,MD, PhD, FACR1127 Osteoporosis: Other CausesCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBAPITUITARY DISORDERS1128 Pituitary Disorders: Acromegaly and GrowthHormone DeficiencyCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBATHYROID DISEASE1130 Hypothyroidism and CretinismCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1132 HyperthyroidismCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1133 Thyroid AcropachyCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBAMISCELLANEOUS METABOLIC CONDITIONS1134 HypophosphatasiaCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1136 Cushing SyndromeCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1137 Tumoral (Idiopathic) CalcinosisDonna G. Blankenbaker, MD, FACR and Cheryl A.Petersilge, MD, MBASECTION 12: DRUG-INDUCED AND NUTRITIONAL MSK CONDITIONS DRUG-INDUCED EMBRYOPATHY1140 Medications1144 Warfarin (Coumadin): ComplicationsB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1145 AlcoholB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRDRUG-INDUCED CONDITIONS1146 Substance Abuse1150 Anticonvulsants1154 CorticosteroidsB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1155 BisphosphonatesCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1156 Prostaglandins1157 Hypervitaminosis A and RetinoidsB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1158 Vitamin DB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1159 Retinoid-Associated OsteoarthritisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1160 Statins1164 Metals and MineralsB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1165 Fluoride: ComplicationsB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1166 VoriconazoleB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1167 QuinolonesB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRNUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY1168 ScurvyB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR

Kirkland W. Davis, MD, FACR is Professor of Radiology and Director of Radiography and Teleradiology in the Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention with the Department of Radiology at the University of Virginia School of Medicine in Charlottesville, Virginia. Dr. Davis has a special interest in interventional musculoskeletal procedures, such as vertebroplasty, radiofrequency ablation, cryoablation, and spine injections. He also carries expertise in extremity and spine hardware and sports medicine imaging, particularly the hip and knee. Donna G. Blankenbaker, MD, FACR, is professor of radiology, medical director of outpatient radiology, and co-director of medical student radiology education at University of Wisconsin (UW). She serves on five UW Hospital and Clinics and Department of Radiology committees and six national committees. Blankenbaker is a co-lead author from the 3e of Diagnostic Imaging: Musculoskeletal Trauma.

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• SECTION 1: ARTHRITISINTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW4 Introduction to ArthritisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACREROSIVE10 Rheumatoid Arthritis of Axial SkeletonB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR16 Rheumatoid Arthritis of Shoulder and ElbowB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR22 Rheumatoid Arthritis of Wrist and HandB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR28 Rheumatoid Arthritis of HipB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR32 Rheumatoid Arthritis of KneeB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR36 Rheumatoid Arthritis of Ankle and FootB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR40 Robust Rheumatoid ArthritisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR41 Felty SyndromeB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR42 Juvenile Idiopathic ArthritisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR48 Adult Still DiseaseB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRPRODUCTIVE50 Osteoarthritis of Axial SkeletonB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR54 DISHB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR60 OPLLB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR64 Rapidly Progressive Osteoarthritis66 Osteoarthritis of Shoulder and ElbowB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR70 Osteoarthritis of Wrist and HandB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR74 Osteoarthritis of HipB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR80 Osteoarthritis of KneeB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRMIXED EROSIVE AND PRODUCTIVE86 Ankylosing SpondylitisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR92 Inflammatory Bowel Disease ArthritisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR98 Psoriatic ArthritisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR104 Chronic Reactive ArthritisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRDUE TO BIOCHEMICAL DISORDERS OR DEPOSITIONAL DISEASE110 GoutEva M. Escobedo, MD, B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR, andKirkland W. Davis, MD, FACR116 Pyrophosphate ArthropathyB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR122 Hydroxyapatite Deposition DiseaseB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR128 Amyloid DepositionB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR134 HemochromatosisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR135 OchronosisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR136 Wilson DiseaseB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR137 OxalosisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRMISCELLANEOUS JOINT DISORDERS138 Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis (PVNS)B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR144 Intraarticular ChondromaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR148 Nodular Synovitis (Intraarticular)B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR152 Multicentric ReticulohistiocytosisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR153 Synovial Vascular MalformationB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR154 Synovial ChondromatosisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR160 Charcot (Neuropathic)B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR166 Hypertrophic OsteoarthropathyB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR172 Complex Regional Pain SyndrB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRSECTION 2: OSSEOUS TUMORS AND TUMOR-LIKE CONDITIONS INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW180 Bone Tumors: Diagnosis, Staging, and BiopsyB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR188 Bone Tumors: Treatment Options and Follow-UpB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRBONE-FORMING TUMORS194 Enostosis (Bone Island)B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR198 OsteomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR204 Osteoid OsteomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR210 OsteoblastomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR216 Conventional OsteosarcomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR222 Parosteal OsteosarcomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR228 Periosteal OsteosarcomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR232 Telangiectatic OsteosarcomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR236 Low-Grade Central OsteosarcomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR240 High-Grade Surface OsteosarcomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR242 Secondary OsteosarcomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRCARTILAGE-FORMING TUMORS246 EnchondromaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR252 OsteochondromaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR258 Multiple Hereditary ExostosesB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR264 ChondroblastomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR268 Chondromyxoid FibromaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR272 Periosteal ChondromaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR278 ChondrosarcomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR284 Dedifferentiated ChondrosarcomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR286 Periosteal ChondrosarcomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR288 Clear Cell ChondrosarcomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRMARROW TUMORS290 PlasmacytomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR and Chris Hanrahan, MD,PhD296 Multiple MyelomaChris Hanrahan, MD, PhD302 POEMSB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR304 Ewing SarcomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR310 Leukemia: Osseous ManifestationsB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR314 Lymphoma of BoneB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR320 Metastases: Bone MarrowB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACROTHER OSSEOUS TUMORS326 Desmoplastic FibromaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR330 Del_Liposclerosing Myxofibrous TumorB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR332 Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma of BoneB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR336 FibrosarcomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR338 Intraosseous LipomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR342 Giant Cell TumorB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR348 AdamantinomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR352 Hemangioma: IntraosseousB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR358 Epithelioid Hemangioma362 Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma of BoneB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR364 Angiosarcoma: OsseousB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR368 ChordomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRTUMOR-LIKE CONDITIONS372 Paget DiseaseB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR378 Langerhans Cell HistiocytosisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR384 Fibrous DysplasiaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR390 Osteofibrous DysplasiaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR396 Simple Bone CystB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR402 Aneurysmal Bone CystB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR408 FibroxanthomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRTUMORSBENIGN ADIPOCYTIC TUMORS430 Lipoma: Soft TissueCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD,FACR436 LipomatosisCatherine C. Roberts, MD442 Lipomatosis: NerveCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD,FACR446 Macrodystrophia LipomatosaCatherine C. Roberts, MD450 Lipoma Arborescens: KneeCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD,FACR454 Lipoblastoma/LipoblastomatosisCatherine C. Roberts, MD456 HibernomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD460 Parosteal LipomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD,FACRINTERMEDIATE ADIPOCYTIC TUMORS464 Atypical Lipomatous Tumor/Well-DifferentiatedLiposarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MDMALIGNANT ADIPOCYTIC TUMORS468 Myxoid LiposarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD,FACR472 Pleomorphic LiposarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD473 Dedifferentiated LiposarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MDFIBROBLASTIC/MYOFIBROBLASTIC TUMORS BENIGN FIBROUS TUMORS474 Nodular and Proliferative FasciitisCatherine C. Roberts, MD475 Bizarre Parosteal OsteochondromatousProliferationCatherine C. Roberts, MD476 ElastofibromaCatherine C. Roberts, MD480 Fibrous Hamartoma of InfancyCatherine C. Roberts, MD481 Myofibroma/MyofibromatosisCatherine C. Roberts, MD482 Fibromatosis ColliCatherine C. Roberts, MD483 Juvenile Hyaline FibromatosisCatherine C. Roberts, MD484 Fibroma of Tendon SheathCatherine C. Roberts, MD488 Desmoplastic FibroblastomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD490 Calcifying Aponeurotic FibromaCatherine C. Roberts, MD492 Myositis Ossificans/Heterotopic OssificationB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRINTERMEDIATE (LOCALLY AGGRESSIVE) FIBROUS TUMORS498 Superficial FibromatosesCatherine C. Roberts, MD502 Desmoid-Type FibromatosisCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRINTERMEDIATE (RARELY METASTASIZING) FIBROHISTIOCYTIC TUMORS508 Solitary Fibrous Tumor and HemangiopericytomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR514 Inflammatory Myofibroblastic TumorCatherine C. Roberts, MD518 Infantile FibrosarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MDMALIGNANT FIBROUS TUMORS520 Fibrosarcoma: Soft TissueCatherine C. Roberts, MD524 MyxofibrosarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD528 Low-Grade Fibromyxoid SarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD530 Sclerosing Epithelioid FibrosarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD534 Dermatofibrosarcoma ProtuberansCatherine C. Roberts, MDSO-CALLED FIBROHISTIOCYTIC TUMORS BENIGN FIBROHISTIOCYTIC TUMORS538 Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor, ExtraarticularCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR544 Diffuse-Type Giant Cell Tumor (Extraarticular PVNS)Catherine C. Roberts, MD546 Deep Benign Fibrous HistiocytomaCatherine C. Roberts, MDMALIGNANT FIBROHISTIOCYTIC TUMORS548 Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma WithProminent InflammationCatherine C. Roberts, MDSMOOTH MUSCLE TUMORSSMOOTH MUSCLE TUMORS, BENIGN550 Leiomyoma: Superficial and DeepCatherine C. Roberts, MDSMOOTH MUSCLE TUMORS, MALIGNANT554 LeiomyosarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRPERICYTIC (PERIVASCULAR) TUMORS560 Glomus TumorCatherine C. Roberts, MD564 AngioleiomyomaCatherine C. Roberts, MDSKELETAL MUSCLE TUMORSSKELETAL MUSCLE TUMORS, BENIGN566 RhabdomyomaCatherine C. Roberts, MDSKELETAL MUSCLE TUMORS, MALIGNANT568 RhabdomyosarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MDVASCULAR AND LYMPHATIC TUMORSBENIGN VASCULAR TUMORS574 Vascular MalformationsCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR580 Hemangioma584 AngiomatosisCatherine C. Roberts, MD586 Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber SyndromeCatherine C. Roberts, MD590 LymphangiomaCatherine C. Roberts, MDINTERMEDIATE (RARELY METASTASIZING)VASCULAR TUMORS594 Kaposi SarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD598 Hemangioendothelioma: Soft TissueCatherine C. Roberts, MDMALIGNANT VASCULAR TUMORS600 Angiosarcoma: Soft TissueB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRCHONDROOSSEOUS TUMORS604 Chondroma: Soft TissueCatherine C. Roberts, MD606 Extraskeletal Mesenchymal ChondrosarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD608 Extraskeletal OsteosarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MDTUMORS OF UNCERTAIN DIFFERENTIATIONBENIGN TUMORS OF UNCERTAIN DIFFERENTIATION612 Phosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumor614 MyxomaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRINTERMEDIATE TUMORS (RARELY METASTASIZING) OF UNCERTAIN DIFFERENTIATION620 Angiomatoid Fibrous Histiocytoma622 Ossifying Fibromyxoid TumorCatherine C. Roberts, MDMALIGNANT TUMORS OF UNCERTAIN DIFFERENTIATION624 Undifferentiated Pleomorphic SarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR628 Synovial SarcomaStephanie Bernard, MD, Catherine C. Roberts, MD, andKirkland W. Davis, MD, FACR634 Epithelioid SarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD638 Extraskeletal Myxoid ChondrosarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR642 PNET/Extraskeletal Ewing SarcomaCatherine C. Roberts, MDPERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATH TUMORS NONNEOPLASTIC644 Morton NeuromaCatherine C. Roberts, MD648 Traumatic NeuromaCatherine C. Roberts, MDNEUROFIBROMA650 NeurofibromaCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD,FACRSCHWANNOMA656 SchwannomaCatherine C. Roberts, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD,FACRMALIGNANT PERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATHTUMOR662 Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath TumorCatherine C. Roberts, MDSKIN AND SUBCUTANEOUS LESIONS666 Epidermoid/Epidermal Inclusion CystCatherine C. Roberts, MD668 Rheumatoid NoduleCatherine C. Roberts, MD672 Metastases: Soft TissueCatherine C. Roberts, MD676 MelanomaCatherine C. Roberts, MDSOFT TISSUE TUMOR MIMICS682 Soft Tissue Tumor Mimics: Infection/InflammationCatherine C. Roberts, MD686 Soft Tissue Tumor Mimics: VascularCatherine C. Roberts, MD690 Soft Tissue Tumor Mimics: Crystal DiseaseCatherine C. Roberts, MD694 Soft Tissue Tumor Mimics: OtherCatherine C. Roberts, MD700 XanthomaCatherine C. Roberts, MDSECTION 4: CONGENITAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIES GENERAL706 ArthrogryposisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR707 Amniotic Band SyndromeB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR708 Cerebral PalsyB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR709 Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR710 Fibrodysplasia Ossificans ProgressivaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR711 Muscular DystrophyB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR712 NeurofibromatosisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR718 Osteogenesis ImperfectaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR724 Turner SyndromeB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRUPPER EXTREMITY725 Glenoid HypoplasiaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR726 Madelung DeformityB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR730 Ulnar VarianceB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRLOWER EXTREMITY734 Developmental Dysplasia of HipB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR740 Slipped Capital Femoral EpiphysisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR746 Proximal Femoral Focal DeficiencyB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR750 Osgood-Schlatter DiseaseB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR751 Sinding-Larsen-Johansson DiseaseB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR752 Blount DiseaseB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR754 Pes Planus (Flatfoot)B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR760 Club Foot (Talipes Equinovarus)B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR764 Congenital Vertical Talus (Rocker-Bottom Foot)B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR765 Pes CavusB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR766 Tarsal CoalitionB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRSECTION 5: DYSPLASIAS SKELETAL DYSPLASIA DWARFISM DYSPLASIA774 Introduction to Dwarfing DysplasiasCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA778 AchondroplasiaCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA782 PseudoachondroplasiaCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA783 AchondrogenesisCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA784 Thanatophoric DwarfismCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA786 Asphyxiating Thoracic Dystrophy of JeuneCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA787 Chondroectodermal Dysplasia (Ellis-van Creveld)Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA788 Spondyloepiphyseal DysplasiaCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA792 Multiple Epiphyseal DysplasiaCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBANONDWARFING DYSPLASIAS796 Ollier DiseaseCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA800 Maffucci SyndromeCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA801 Chondrodysplasia PunctataCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA802 Cleidocranial DysplasiaCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA803 Caffey DiseaseCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA804 Fong Disease (Nail Patella Syndrome)Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBASCLEROSING DYSPLASIAS806 MelorheostosisCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA and B. J. Manaster, MD,PhD, FACR810 Progressive Diaphyseal DysplasiaCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA814 OsteopetrosisCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA820 PycnodysostosisCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA824 Osteitis CondensansCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA826 Osteitis Pubis: Non-Traumatic OriginCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA828 Intramedullary OsteosclerosisCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA and B. J. Manaster, MD,PhD, FACR829 Other Sclerosing Conditions of BoneCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBASECTION 6: SYSTEMIC DISEASES WITHMSK INVOLVEMENTGENERAL832 Complications of ParaplegiaDonna G. Blankenbaker, MD, FACR and B. J. Manaster,MD, PhD, FACR836 AcroosteolysisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR840 Sickle Cell AnemiaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR846 ThalassemiaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR852 MyelofibrosisDonna G. Blankenbaker, MD, FACR, B. J. Manaster, MD,PhD, FACR, and Stephanie Bernard, MD856 HemophiliaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR862 DiabetesB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR868 HIV/AIDSB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR874 Sarcoidosis: BoneSandra Moore, MD878 Sarcoidosis: MuscleSandra Moore, MD880 Sarcoidosis: JointSandra Moore, MD881 Sarcoidosis: Soft TissueSandra Moore, MD882 MastocytosisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR884 Tuberous SclerosisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRSTORAGE DISORDERS888 Gaucher DiseaseB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR892 MucopolysaccharidosesB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRCONNECTIVE TISSUE DISORDERS894 Systemic Lupus ErythematosusB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR898 Systemic SclerosisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR902 Inflammatory MyopathyB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR908 Overlap Syndrome/Mixed Connective Tissue DiseaseB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR909 HomocystinuriaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR910 Marfan and Ehlers-Danlos SyndromeB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR912 Erdheim-Chester DiseaseB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRSOFT TISSUE DISORDERS914 Denervation HypertrophyCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBAVASCULAR916 Embolic DiseaseB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR917 MeningococcemiaB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRSECTION 7: ORTHOPEDIC IMPLANTS OR ARTHRODESISARTHROPLASTIES AND ARTHRODESIS920 Introduction to ArthroplastiesB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR928 Hip ImplantB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR934 Revision ArthroplastyB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR938 Knee ImplantB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR944 Shoulder ImplantB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR948 Elbow ImplantB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR950 Ankle ImplantB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR952 Ankle ArthrodesisJulia R. Crim, MD954 Small Joint Implants and Arthrodesis: Hand and ToesB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRINTERNAL FIXATION960 Hallux Valgus CorrectionsJulia R. Crim, MD962 Intramedullary Nail/RodKirkland W. Davis, MD, FACR and Cheryl A. Petersilge,MD, MBA966 Plate FixationKirkland W. Davis, MD, FACR and Cheryl A. Petersilge,MD, MBA970 Screw FixationKirkland W. Davis, MD, FACR and Cheryl A. Petersilge,MD, MBA976 Cement and Bone FillersCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA982 Wire/Cerclage/Cable FixationCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA983 Anchoring DevicesCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBASECTION 8: INFECTIONOSTEOMYELITIS986 Acute Osteomyelitis: ChildCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA990 Acute Osteomyelitis: AdultB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR996 Spinal InfectionsCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1002 Chronic OsteomyelitisCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBASOFT TISSUE AND JOINTS1006 Septic ArthritisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1012 Infectious TenosynovitisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1013 Infectious BursitisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1014 Soft Tissue InfectionB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1018 Necrotizing FasciitisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRSPECIFIC PATHOGENS1020 TuberculosisCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1026 Fungal InfectionCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1027 BrucellosisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1028 Madura FootCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1029 Rocky Mountain Spotted FeverB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRSyphilisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1032 PolioB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1033 Parasitic InfectionCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBACONDITIONS OF UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY1034 SAPHOCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1035 Chronic Recurrent Multifocal OsteomyelitisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRSECTION 9: BONE MARROW DISTRIBUTION PATTERN1038 Marrow Distribution: NormalSandra Moore, MD1042 Increased or Decreased Marrow CellularitySandra Moore, MD1048 Diffuse Marrow Infiltration and ReplacementSandra Moore, MD and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1054 Focal Marrow Infiltration and ReplacementSandra Moore, MDSECTION 10: BONE MARROW EDEMAAND NECROSISBONE MARROW EDEMA1060 Transient Bone Marrow Edema and RegionalMigratory OsteoporosisCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBAOSTEONECROSISINTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW1062 Introduction to OsteonecrosisCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1066 Bone InfarctB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1070 Osteonecrosis of HipCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA and B. J. Manaster, MD,PhD, FACR1076 Osteonecrosis of ShoulderCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1077 Osteonecrosis of KneeCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1078 Osteonecrosis of WristCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA and B. J. Manaster, MD,PhD, FACR1082 Osteonecrosis of Ankle and FootCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA and B. J. Manaster, MD,PhD, FACR1086 Legg-Calvé-Perthes DiseaseBrady K. Huang, MD, B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR, andStephanie Bernard, MDSECTION 11: METABOLIC BONE DISEASE INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW1094 Introduction to Metabolic Bone DiseaseCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBADISEASES OF CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS1100 HyperparathyroidismCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1106 Osteomalacia and RicketsCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1110 Renal OsteodystrophyCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA and B. J. Manaster, MD,PhD, FACR1116 Dialysis-Related Disease, Metastatic CalcificationCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1117 Dialysis-Related Disease, SpondyloarthropathyCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1118 Hypoparathyroidism, Pseudo- andPseudopseudohypoparathyroidismCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBAOSTEOPOROSIS1120 Primary OsteoporosisCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1124 Disuse OsteoporosisCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1125 Idiopathic Juvenile OsteoporosisCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1126 AnorexiaDonna G. Blankenbaker, MD, FACR and B. J. Manaster,MD, PhD, FACR1127 Osteoporosis: Other CausesCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBAPITUITARY DISORDERS1128 Pituitary Disorders: Acromegaly and GrowthHormone DeficiencyCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBATHYROID DISEASE1130 Hypothyroidism and CretinismCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1132 HyperthyroidismCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1133 Thyroid AcropachyCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBAMISCELLANEOUS METABOLIC CONDITIONS1134 HypophosphatasiaCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1136 Cushing SyndromeCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA1137 Tumoral (Idiopathic) CalcinosisDonna G. Blankenbaker, MD, FACR and Cheryl A.Petersilge, MD, MBASECTION 12: DRUG-INDUCED AND NUTRITIONAL MSK CONDITIONS DRUG-INDUCED EMBRYOPATHY1140 Medications1144 Warfarin (Coumadin): ComplicationsB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1145 AlcoholB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRDRUG-INDUCED CONDITIONS1146 Substance Abuse1150 Anticonvulsants1154 CorticosteroidsB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1155 BisphosphonatesCheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA and B. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1156 Prostaglandins1157 Hypervitaminosis A and RetinoidsB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1158 Vitamin DB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1159 Retinoid-Associated OsteoarthritisB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1160 Statins1164 Metals and MineralsB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1165 Fluoride: ComplicationsB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1166 VoriconazoleB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR1167 QuinolonesB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACRNUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY1168 ScurvyB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR