Classification Made Relevant

Jules Berman holds two Bachelor of Science degrees from MIT (in Mathematics and in Earth and Planetary Sciences), a PhD from Temple University, and an MD from the University of Miami. He was a graduate researcher at the Fels Cancer Research Institute (Temple University) and at the American Health Foundation in Valhalla, New York. He completed his postdoctoral studies at the US National Institutes of Health, and his residency at the George Washington University Medical Center in Washington, DC. Dr. Berman served as Chief of anatomic pathology, surgical pathology, and cytopathology at the Veterans Administration Medical Center in Baltimore, Maryland, where he held joint appointments at the University of Maryland Medical Center and at the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions. In 1998, he transferred to the US National Institutes of Health as a Medical Officer and as the Program Director for Pathology Informatics in the Cancer Diagnosis Program at the National Cancer Institute. Dr. Berman is a past President of the Association for Pathology Informatics and is the 2011 recipient of the Association’s Lifetime Achievement Award. He is a listed author of more than 200 scientific publications and has written more than a dozen books in his three areas of expertise: informatics, computer programming, and pathology. Dr. Berman is currently a freelance writer.

"One of the ways in which human beings attempt to understand relationships among objects, beings and concepts is through the process of classification. Sometimes our classifications are simple (heavy vs light) and sometimes complex (the phylogeny of living things), but each attempt to develop a classification system represents an attempt to improve our understanding of the world around us. In this tour de force, Dr. Berman creates a unifying framework by which to understand successful (and unsuccessful) classification systems in fields ranging from mathematics to biology, showing the dependence of all successful classifications to at least implicit incorporation/acceptance of previous classifications in the mathematics – physics – chemistry – biology chain, and without losing sight of the fact that the purpose of classification is understanding. Thus, development of classification systems both complements and frames the appropriate use of other tools, based on probabilistic and continuous mathematics, for understanding the world around us. The clear and detailed expositions that Dr. Berman provides in this book are useful to both scientists who wish to develop a deeper understanding of how concepts like that of the periodic table both encapsulate known science and guide its further development, and to non-scientists who wish to develop a better understanding of how scientists think. I highly recommend it." --Timothy J. O'Leary, MD, PhD, Adjunct Professor of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; former Chief Research and Development Officer, Department of Veterans Affairs

• 1. Sitting in Class2. Classification Logic3. Ontologies and Semantics4. Coping with Paradoxical or Flawed Classifications and Ontologies5. The Class-Oriented Programming Paradigm6. The Classification of Life7. The Periodic Table8. Classifying the Universe