LIONEL CLIFFE is Professor of Politics at the University of Leeds where he has worked for 10 years. He is a specialist in international politics and political economy, with special emphasis on developing countries and the relations of the west towards them. He is Deputy Director of the Leeds Centre for Democratisation Studies and has done much research on the 'third wave of democratisation'. MAUREEN RAMSAY is Senior Lecturer in Political Theory at the University of Leeds where she has worked since 1992. Before this she was Lecturer in Philosophy at Cardiff University. Her focus on aspects of social justice. She has written two books Human Needs and the Market (Avebury 1992) and What's Wrong with Liberalism (Leicester University Press 1997) as well as several articles.

'A refreshing and timely study on an issue central to our understanding of how we are governed and one too often neglected by academics.' - Richard Norton-Taylor, The Guardian

• Preface and an Introduction Introduction PART ONE: JUSTIFYING AND EXPLAINING POLITICAL DECEPTION IN A DEMOCRACY Justifications for Lying in Politics; M.Ramsay Democratic Dirty Hands; M.Ramsay Explanations: the Political Context; M.Ramsay Explanations: Deception in the U.S Political System; L.Cliffe Explanations: Secrecy and Deception in the U.K Political Context; L.Cliffe PART TWO: CASE STUDIES The Iran-Contra Affairs; L.Cliffe The 'War' on Drugs; L.Cliffe The Scott Inquiry; D.Bartlett The Pergau Dam Affair: Civil Aid and Arms Exports; D.Bartlett Shoot to Kill; M.Ramsay B.S.E: Mad Cows and De-regulation; D.Bartlett Parliamentary Lobbying and Sleaze in British Politics; D.Bartlett Conclusions; M.Ramsay & L.Cliffe References Index

LIONEL CLIFFE is Professor of Politics at the University of Leeds where he has worked for 10 years. He is a specialist in international politics and political economy, with special emphasis on developing countries and the relations of the west towards them. He is Deputy Director of the Leeds Centre for Democratisation Studies and has done much research on the 'third wave of democratisation'. MAUREEN RAMSAY is Senior Lecturer in Political Theory at the University of Leeds where she has worked since 1992. Before this she was Lecturer in Philosophy at Cardiff University. Her focus on aspects of social justice. She has written two books Human Needs and the Market (Avebury 1992) and What's Wrong with Liberalism (Leicester University Press 1997) as well as several articles.

'A refreshing and timely study on an issue central to our understanding of how we are governed and one too often neglected by academics.' - Richard Norton-Taylor, The Guardian

• Preface and an Introduction Introduction PART ONE: JUSTIFYING AND EXPLAINING POLITICAL DECEPTION IN A DEMOCRACY Justifications for Lying in Politics; M.Ramsay Democratic Dirty Hands; M.Ramsay Explanations: the Political Context; M.Ramsay Explanations: Deception in the U.S Political System; L.Cliffe Explanations: Secrecy and Deception in the U.K Political Context; L.Cliffe PART TWO: CASE STUDIES The Iran-Contra Affairs; L.Cliffe The 'War' on Drugs; L.Cliffe The Scott Inquiry; D.Bartlett The Pergau Dam Affair: Civil Aid and Arms Exports; D.Bartlett Shoot to Kill; M.Ramsay B.S.E: Mad Cows and De-regulation; D.Bartlett Parliamentary Lobbying and Sleaze in British Politics; D.Bartlett Conclusions; M.Ramsay & L.Cliffe References Index

LIONEL CLIFFE is Professor of Politics at the University of Leeds where he has worked for 10 years. He is a specialist in international politics and political economy, with special emphasis on developing countries and the relations of the west towards them. He is Deputy Director of the Leeds Centre for Democratisation Studies and has done much research on the 'third wave of democratisation'. MAUREEN RAMSAY is Senior Lecturer in Political Theory at the University of Leeds where she has worked since 1992. Before this she was Lecturer in Philosophy at Cardiff University. Her focus on aspects of social justice. She has written two books Human Needs and the Market (Avebury 1992) and What's Wrong with Liberalism (Leicester University Press 1997) as well as several articles.

'A refreshing and timely study on an issue central to our understanding of how we are governed and one too often neglected by academics.' - Richard Norton-Taylor, The Guardian

• Preface and an Introduction Introduction PART ONE: JUSTIFYING AND EXPLAINING POLITICAL DECEPTION IN A DEMOCRACY Justifications for Lying in Politics; M.Ramsay Democratic Dirty Hands; M.Ramsay Explanations: the Political Context; M.Ramsay Explanations: Deception in the U.S Political System; L.Cliffe Explanations: Secrecy and Deception in the U.K Political Context; L.Cliffe PART TWO: CASE STUDIES The Iran-Contra Affairs; L.Cliffe The 'War' on Drugs; L.Cliffe The Scott Inquiry; D.Bartlett The Pergau Dam Affair: Civil Aid and Arms Exports; D.Bartlett Shoot to Kill; M.Ramsay B.S.E: Mad Cows and De-regulation; D.Bartlett Parliamentary Lobbying and Sleaze in British Politics; D.Bartlett Conclusions; M.Ramsay & L.Cliffe References Index