John Richardson is Professor Emeritus in the sociology department at Western Washington University, USA. Jinting Wu is Assistant Professor of Educational Culture, Policy and Society at the State University of New York at Buffalo, USA. Douglas Judge is a PhD candidate in the department of Special Education at the University of Washington and Assistant Principal at the Interagency Academy site within King County juvenile detention center in Washington, USA.

• PART I: Theoretical Considerations 1. Unintended Convergence: Introduction, Thesis, Central Concept and Comparative Forms 2. Mass Education and Global Culture: Revolution or Swerve? 3. Pathways to Vocational and Special Education PART II: Case Studies 4. Bureaucratic Benevolence: Disability Inclusion and Special Education in China 5. Parental vs. Professional Authority: Communal Benevolence and Special Education Practices in Mexico 6. The Legacy of Punitive Benevolence, The Long Shadow of Vagrancy - The Case of England PART III: Conclusions 7. Some Conclusions 8. "Looping Effects" and Convergence 9. A Theoretical Summary 10. Restorative Juvenile Justice as Paternalistic Benevolence

John Richardson is Professor Emeritus in the sociology department at Western Washington University, USA. Jinting Wu is Assistant Professor of Educational Culture, Policy and Society at the State University of New York at Buffalo, USA. Douglas Judge is a PhD candidate in the department of Special Education at the University of Washington and Assistant Principal at the Interagency Academy site within King County juvenile detention center in Washington, USA.

• PART I: Theoretical Considerations 1. Unintended Convergence: Introduction, Thesis, Central Concept and Comparative Forms 2. Mass Education and Global Culture: Revolution or Swerve? 3. Pathways to Vocational and Special Education PART II: Case Studies 4. Bureaucratic Benevolence: Disability Inclusion and Special Education in China 5. Parental vs. Professional Authority: Communal Benevolence and Special Education Practices in Mexico 6. The Legacy of Punitive Benevolence, The Long Shadow of Vagrancy - The Case of England PART III: Conclusions 7. Some Conclusions 8. "Looping Effects" and Convergence 9. A Theoretical Summary 10. Restorative Juvenile Justice as Paternalistic Benevolence

John Richardson is Professor Emeritus in the sociology department at Western Washington University, USA. Jinting Wu is Assistant Professor of Educational Culture, Policy and Society at the State University of New York at Buffalo, USA. Douglas Judge is a PhD candidate in the department of Special Education at the University of Washington and Assistant Principal at the Interagency Academy site within King County juvenile detention center in Washington, USA.

• PART I: Theoretical Considerations 1. Unintended Convergence: Introduction, Thesis, Central Concept and Comparative Forms 2. Mass Education and Global Culture: Revolution or Swerve? 3. Pathways to Vocational and Special Education PART II: Case Studies 4. Bureaucratic Benevolence: Disability Inclusion and Special Education in China 5. Parental vs. Professional Authority: Communal Benevolence and Special Education Practices in Mexico 6. The Legacy of Punitive Benevolence, The Long Shadow of Vagrancy - The Case of England PART III: Conclusions 7. Some Conclusions 8. "Looping Effects" and Convergence 9. A Theoretical Summary 10. Restorative Juvenile Justice as Paternalistic Benevolence