Dr. Martin Holtz attained his Ph.D. degree at Greifswald University (Germany) in the subject of North American Studies in 2009 with the thesis "American Cinema in Transition: The Western in New Hollywood and Hollywood Now" (summa cum laude), which was published in 2011. Dr. Holtz completed his post-doctoral degree (Habilitation) in 2017. He is currently assistant professor at the Chair of Anglophone Literature and Culture in Greifswald, focusing on American literature and Film. He has published widely on American cinema, particularly the Western.

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• Acknowledgments1. Introduction2. Agency2.1. Agency in Philosophy2.1.1. Determinism vs. Libertarianism, Compatibilism vs. Incompatibilism2.1.2. Intentional Actions – Definition and Qualities2.1.3. Intentional Actions – Complications and Gradations2.2. Agency in Sociology and Cultural Studies2.2.1. Structure as Restriction2.2.2. The Reproduction of Structure as Agency2.2.3. Structure as Enabler2.2.4. Agency as Resistance to Structure2.3. Agency in War and the Military2.3.3. The Agency of Armies: Strategy and Friction on the Battlefield2.3.4. The Agency of Soldiers: Drilling and Killing2.4. Agency in Literature2.4.1. Characters as Agents2.4.2. Narration as Action2.4.3. The Agency of the Reader3. Agency in American Literature on the War of Independence 1775-18603.1. Literature during the War – Calls to Action3.1.1. Declarations and Pamphlets3.1.2. Satire3.1.3. Poetry3.1.4. Drama3.1.5. Autobiographical Narratives3.2. Literature after the War – Calls to Virtue3.2.1. Memoirs3.2.2. James Fenimore CooperThe Spy (1821) The Pilot (1823)Lionel Lincoln (1823)3.2.3. Cooper’s Heirs – The 1820sSeventy-Six (1823) Saratoga (1824)The Refugee (1825)3.2.4. Cooper’s Heirs – The 1830sThe Hawks of Hawk-Hollow (1835) The Linwoods (1835)Horse-Shoe Robinson (1835)The Partisan (1835) 3.2.5. Herman Melville: Israel Potter: His Fifty Years in Exile (1855)4. ConclusionBibliography

Dr. Martin Holtz attained his Ph.D. degree at Greifswald University (Germany) in the subject of North American Studies in 2009 with the thesis "American Cinema in Transition: The Western in New Hollywood and Hollywood Now" (summa cum laude), which was published in 2011. Dr. Holtz completed his post-doctoral degree (Habilitation) in 2017. He is currently assistant professor at the Chair of Anglophone Literature and Culture in Greifswald, focusing on American literature and Film. He has published widely on American cinema, particularly the Western.

Select Guide Rating

• Acknowledgments1. Introduction2. Agency2.1. Agency in Philosophy2.1.1. Determinism vs. Libertarianism, Compatibilism vs. Incompatibilism2.1.2. Intentional Actions – Definition and Qualities2.1.3. Intentional Actions – Complications and Gradations2.2. Agency in Sociology and Cultural Studies2.2.1. Structure as Restriction2.2.2. The Reproduction of Structure as Agency2.2.3. Structure as Enabler2.2.4. Agency as Resistance to Structure2.3. Agency in War and the Military2.3.3. The Agency of Armies: Strategy and Friction on the Battlefield2.3.4. The Agency of Soldiers: Drilling and Killing2.4. Agency in Literature2.4.1. Characters as Agents2.4.2. Narration as Action2.4.3. The Agency of the Reader3. Agency in American Literature on the War of Independence 1775-18603.1. Literature during the War – Calls to Action3.1.1. Declarations and Pamphlets3.1.2. Satire3.1.3. Poetry3.1.4. Drama3.1.5. Autobiographical Narratives3.2. Literature after the War – Calls to Virtue3.2.1. Memoirs3.2.2. James Fenimore CooperThe Spy (1821) The Pilot (1823)Lionel Lincoln (1823)3.2.3. Cooper’s Heirs – The 1820sSeventy-Six (1823) Saratoga (1824)The Refugee (1825)3.2.4. Cooper’s Heirs – The 1830sThe Hawks of Hawk-Hollow (1835) The Linwoods (1835)Horse-Shoe Robinson (1835)The Partisan (1835) 3.2.5. Herman Melville: Israel Potter: His Fifty Years in Exile (1855)4. ConclusionBibliography

Dr. Martin Holtz attained his Ph.D. degree at Greifswald University (Germany) in the subject of North American Studies in 2009 with the thesis "American Cinema in Transition: The Western in New Hollywood and Hollywood Now" (summa cum laude), which was published in 2011. Dr. Holtz completed his post-doctoral degree (Habilitation) in 2017. He is currently assistant professor at the Chair of Anglophone Literature and Culture in Greifswald, focusing on American literature and Film. He has published widely on American cinema, particularly the Western.

Select Guide Rating

• Acknowledgments1. Introduction2. Agency2.1. Agency in Philosophy2.1.1. Determinism vs. Libertarianism, Compatibilism vs. Incompatibilism2.1.2. Intentional Actions – Definition and Qualities2.1.3. Intentional Actions – Complications and Gradations2.2. Agency in Sociology and Cultural Studies2.2.1. Structure as Restriction2.2.2. The Reproduction of Structure as Agency2.2.3. Structure as Enabler2.2.4. Agency as Resistance to Structure2.3. Agency in War and the Military2.3.3. The Agency of Armies: Strategy and Friction on the Battlefield2.3.4. The Agency of Soldiers: Drilling and Killing2.4. Agency in Literature2.4.1. Characters as Agents2.4.2. Narration as Action2.4.3. The Agency of the Reader3. Agency in American Literature on the War of Independence 1775-18603.1. Literature during the War – Calls to Action3.1.1. Declarations and Pamphlets3.1.2. Satire3.1.3. Poetry3.1.4. Drama3.1.5. Autobiographical Narratives3.2. Literature after the War – Calls to Virtue3.2.1. Memoirs3.2.2. James Fenimore CooperThe Spy (1821) The Pilot (1823)Lionel Lincoln (1823)3.2.3. Cooper’s Heirs – The 1820sSeventy-Six (1823) Saratoga (1824)The Refugee (1825)3.2.4. Cooper’s Heirs – The 1830sThe Hawks of Hawk-Hollow (1835) The Linwoods (1835)Horse-Shoe Robinson (1835)The Partisan (1835) 3.2.5. Herman Melville: Israel Potter: His Fifty Years in Exile (1855)4. ConclusionBibliography