Xavier Kalck is an associate professor at Sorbonne University (Paris, France). He is the author of several books on twentieth-century poetry in English (Muted Strings: Louis MacNeice’s The Burning Perch, 2015; George Oppen’s Poetics of the Commonplace, 2017) and in French ("We said Objectivitst": Lire les poètes Lorine Niedecker, George Oppen, Carl Rakosi, Charles Reznikoff, Louis Zukofsky, 2019; La poésie américaine entre chant et parole: l’héritage objectiviste, 2020), as well as many articles on poetics.

Xavier Kalck tells us that his aim in Pluralism, Poetry and Literacy is “to make manifest and render as palpably as possible a plurality of interpretive backgrounds, which would not be limited to the role of a backdrop but would actively guide and direct the interpretation.” He succeeds admirably, proposing meditative, analytic, diasporic, and ecological stances, each of which demonstrate his thesis that true literacy always leads to interpretive pluralism. Along the way, he offers us complex, devoted readings of a formidable array of modern American poets, for the test of poetry (as Louis Zukofsky would put it) is always the test of interpretation. Learned, engaged, and wonderfully generous, Kalck’s book is a hermeneutical tour-de-force which speaks urgently to the ways in which we need to read today.Norman Finkelstein, Xavier University, USAIn what may seem a surprising convocation, Plato, Horace, Augustine, Shakespeare, and Wittgenstein meet the mid-20C American poets Robert Lax, Larry Eigner, Louis Zukofsky, Gary Snyder, and Theodore Enslin. What results is a sparkling renovation of four different styles of reading—the meditative, the pragmatist, the diasporist, and the ecological. With his consummate ability to read poetry in relationship to philosophy, Xavier Kalck crafts one of the most consequential works of poetics to appear in our time.Stephen Fredman, University of Notre Dame, USAIt’s not often that poetry criticism gifts us with a persuasively original mode of interpretation. Xavier Kalck’s deeply thoughtful investigation takes us behind the scenes of actual reading, reaching back to four different sacred and philosophical traditions of long standing to show how they continue to offer detailed guidance to distinctive practices of reading. He tests out each stance in elegantly reasoned discussion of the work of a single poet, reminding us why we value journeys into the hinterland of poems, and how this connects us to past and future.Peter Middleton, University of Southampton, UK.

• AcknowledgementsIntroductionCHAPTER 1. THE MEDITATIVE READER.CHAPTER 2. THE ANALYTIC READER.CHAPTER 3. THE DIASPORIC READER.CHAPTER 4. THE ECOLOGICAL READER.ConclusionIndex

Xavier Kalck is an associate professor at Sorbonne University (Paris, France). He is the author of several books on twentieth-century poetry in English (Muted Strings: Louis MacNeice’s The Burning Perch, 2015; George Oppen’s Poetics of the Commonplace, 2017) and in French ("We said Objectivitst": Lire les poètes Lorine Niedecker, George Oppen, Carl Rakosi, Charles Reznikoff, Louis Zukofsky, 2019; La poésie américaine entre chant et parole: l’héritage objectiviste, 2020), as well as many articles on poetics.

Xavier Kalck tells us that his aim in Pluralism, Poetry and Literacy is “to make manifest and render as palpably as possible a plurality of interpretive backgrounds, which would not be limited to the role of a backdrop but would actively guide and direct the interpretation.” He succeeds admirably, proposing meditative, analytic, diasporic, and ecological stances, each of which demonstrate his thesis that true literacy always leads to interpretive pluralism. Along the way, he offers us complex, devoted readings of a formidable array of modern American poets, for the test of poetry (as Louis Zukofsky would put it) is always the test of interpretation. Learned, engaged, and wonderfully generous, Kalck’s book is a hermeneutical tour-de-force which speaks urgently to the ways in which we need to read today.Norman Finkelstein, Xavier University, USAIn what may seem a surprising convocation, Plato, Horace, Augustine, Shakespeare, and Wittgenstein meet the mid-20C American poets Robert Lax, Larry Eigner, Louis Zukofsky, Gary Snyder, and Theodore Enslin. What results is a sparkling renovation of four different styles of reading—the meditative, the pragmatist, the diasporist, and the ecological. With his consummate ability to read poetry in relationship to philosophy, Xavier Kalck crafts one of the most consequential works of poetics to appear in our time.Stephen Fredman, University of Notre Dame, USAIt’s not often that poetry criticism gifts us with a persuasively original mode of interpretation. Xavier Kalck’s deeply thoughtful investigation takes us behind the scenes of actual reading, reaching back to four different sacred and philosophical traditions of long standing to show how they continue to offer detailed guidance to distinctive practices of reading. He tests out each stance in elegantly reasoned discussion of the work of a single poet, reminding us why we value journeys into the hinterland of poems, and how this connects us to past and future.Peter Middleton, University of Southampton, UK.

• AcknowledgementsIntroductionCHAPTER 1. THE MEDITATIVE READER.CHAPTER 2. THE ANALYTIC READER.CHAPTER 3. THE DIASPORIC READER.CHAPTER 4. THE ECOLOGICAL READER.ConclusionIndex