Inequality in the 21st Century

David Grusky, Jasmine Hill

• Preface and Acknowledgments -- Poverty and Inequality in the 21st Century -- The Classic Theory -- Classes in Capitalism and Pre-Capitalism -- Class, Status, Party -- The Conservation of Races -- Women and Economics -- The Great Takeoff in Income and Wealth Inequality -- Striking It Richer: The Evolution of Top Incomes in the United States -- Capital in the 21st Century -- The Race Between Education and Technology -- Why Is Income Inequality Growing? -- Winner-Take-All Politics: Public Policy, Political Organization, and the Precipitous Rise of Top Incomes in the United States -- Unions, Norms, and the Rise in U.S. Wage Inequality -- (Some) Inequality Is Good for You -- The One Percent -- The Power Elite -- The Future of Intellectuals and the Rise of the New Class -- Bobos in Paradise: The New Upper Class and How They Got There -- Privilege: The Making of an Adolescent Elite -- Poverty and the Underclass -- Nickel and Dimed -- Low-Income Urban Fathers and the “Package Deal” of Family Life -- The War on Poverty -- The Rise of Extreme Poverty in the United States -- Poverty and Child Development -- Being Poor, Black, and American -- American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass -- Community Well-Being and the Great Recession -- The Legacy of Multigenerational Disadvantage -- Eviction and the Reproduction of Urban Poverty -- Incarceration and Social Inequality -- Mobility and the American Dream -- The Widening Academic Achievement Gap Between the Rich and the Poor -- Nonpersistent Inequality in Educational Attainment -- Rationing College Opportunity -- A New Social Psychological Model of Educational Attainment -- Academically Adrift -- Economic Mobility -- Does College Still Have Equalizing Effects? -- Paying for the Party -- Ain’t No Makin’ It: Leveled Aspirations in a Low-Income Neighborhood -- It’s a Decent Bet That Our Children Will Be Professors Too -- The Strength of Weak Ties -- Networks, Race, and Hiring -- The Great Risk Shift -- Little Labor: How Union Decline Is Changing the American Landscape -- Labor Market Shocks: Are There Lessons for Anti-Poverty Policy? -- Race, Ethnicity, and Inequality -- Racial Formation in the United States -- The Dynamics of Racial Fluidity and Inequality -- The New Second Generation: Segmented Assimilation and Its Variants -- Why Replenishment Strengthens Racial and Ethnic Boundaries -- Are Emily and Greg More Employable Than Lakisha and Jamal?: A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination -- Marked: Race, Crime, and Finding Work in an Era of Mass Incarceration -- Stereotype Threat and African-American Student Achievement -- The Declining Significance of Race: Blacks and Changing American Institutions -- How Do Latino Immigrants Fit into the Racial Order? -- Black Picket Fences: Privilege and Peril Among the Black Middle Class -- Tiger Kids and the Success Frame -- Gender, Sexuality, and Inequality -- The Social Construction of Gender -- Fag Discourse in a Post-Homophobic Era -- The Time Bind: When Work Becomes Home and Home Becomes Work -- Opting Out? -- Why Is There Still So Much Gender Segregation? -- Orchestrating Impartiality: The Impact of “Blind” Auditions on Female Musicians -- Getting a Job: Is There a Motherhood Penalty? -- Why Race, Class, and Gender Matter -- Do Openly Gay Men Experience Employment Discrimination? -- The Gender Revolution: Uneven and Stalled -- The Persistence of Gender Inequality -- How Inequality Spills Over -- Income Inequality and Income Segregation -- The Realignment of U.S. Presidential Voting -- Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race, and Family Life -- The Fundamentals of Fundamental Causality -- Moving Toward Equality? -- Skill Formation and the Economics of Investing in Disadvantaged Children -- Why Late Investments Can Work -- Flexicurity -- Reducing Poverty the Democratic Way -- Tackling the Managerial Power Problem: The Key to Improving Executive Compensation -- We Need to Have a Second Conversation