Sara Garcês is a Rock Art Researcher, Contract Researcher and Guest-Assistant Professor at the Polytechnic Institute of Tomar. She is also a Researcher at the Geosciences Centre of the University of Coimbra (u. ID73 – FCT), and Earth and Memory Institute (ITM) in Portugal. Dr Garcês is a specialist in post-Paleolithic rock art of Iberian Peninsula and gained her doctorate at Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro University in Portugal. Dr. Garcês is engaged with paintings and engravings 2D and 3D tracing and several multidisciplinary research projects about prehistoric pigments archaeometry across Iberian Peninsula, UK, Israel, Italy, and Brazil. Her research also focuses on archaeological rock art pigment analyses both in caves and open-air contexts. Her doctoral research is based on the prehistoric rock art of Tagus River Basin. Currently, Dr Garcês is engaged in TURARQ project and FIRST-ART project. Dr Garcês has authored three books on Tagus rock art and has written papers in several national and international journals.George Nash is an Associate Professor at IPT, a Researcher at the Geosciences Centre of the University of Coimbra (u. ID73 – FCT), and Earth and Memory Institute (ITM) in Portugal and an Associate Researcher within the Department of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool. Dr Nash is a specialist in Palaeolithic rock art, and gained his doctorate at NTNU, Trondheim, Norway. Here, Dr Nash researched engraved and painted hunter-gatherer rock art along coastal Norway and Levantine Spain. Between 1998 and 2016, Dr Nash taught at the University of Bristol and was responsible for the latter part of the part-time degree in Archaeology. Dr Nash has undertaken research from many parts of the world and has published over 170 peer-reviewed articles and has edited, co-edited and written 48 books. In 2022, Dr Nash was invited to advise and participate in a six-part television series that dealt with the movement of early modern humans in Europe and the rock art they produced. Dr Nash is currently part of the First Art team, undertaking fieldwork in the caves and rock shelters of Spain and Portugal.

• Introduction: Changes and dynamics in western Iberian prehistoric rock art; 1. The Discovery of Paleolithic Art in Portugal: The Escoural Cave; 2. Looking Through Rock Eyes: Being Upper Palaeolithic in The Côa Valley and its Territory of Lithic Raw Material Sourcing; 3. The Palaeolithic Rock Art of Northern Portugal and Galicia (Spain); 4. Philosophical Mechanics of An Engraved Horse: The Upper Palaeolithic Open-Air Rock Art Within The Tagus River Basin, Central Portugal; 5. From Hunter Gatherer to Farmer or Something in Between: The Rock Art of Early Holocene; 6. Understanding the Painted Form: The Archaeometric Studies; 7. Schematic Art Paintings in Northern Portugal; 8. Painted Schematic Rock Art Within Central and Southern Portugal; 9. The Tagus River Rock Art (Central Portugal); 10. The Guadiana Valley Rock Art Complex; 11. Picturing In Western Iberian Neolithic Dolmens; 12. Atlantic Rock Art of the Northwest Portugal; 13. Thinking about the Bronze Age Rock Art of Portugal. What's New?; 14. Iron Age Rock Art: Old and New Figures; 15. The Use of Geographic Information Systems [Gis] in the Field of Rock Art

Sara Garcês is a Rock Art Researcher, Contract Researcher and Guest-Assistant Professor at the Polytechnic Institute of Tomar. She is also a Researcher at the Geosciences Centre of the University of Coimbra (u. ID73 – FCT), and Earth and Memory Institute (ITM) in Portugal. Dr Garcês is a specialist in post-Paleolithic rock art of Iberian Peninsula and gained her doctorate at Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro University in Portugal. Dr. Garcês is engaged with paintings and engravings 2D and 3D tracing and several multidisciplinary research projects about prehistoric pigments archaeometry across Iberian Peninsula, UK, Israel, Italy, and Brazil. Her research also focuses on archaeological rock art pigment analyses both in caves and open-air contexts. Her doctoral research is based on the prehistoric rock art of Tagus River Basin. Currently, Dr Garcês is engaged in TURARQ project and FIRST-ART project. Dr Garcês has authored three books on Tagus rock art and has written papers in several national and international journals.George Nash is an Associate Professor at IPT, a Researcher at the Geosciences Centre of the University of Coimbra (u. ID73 – FCT), and Earth and Memory Institute (ITM) in Portugal and an Associate Researcher within the Department of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool. Dr Nash is a specialist in Palaeolithic rock art, and gained his doctorate at NTNU, Trondheim, Norway. Here, Dr Nash researched engraved and painted hunter-gatherer rock art along coastal Norway and Levantine Spain. Between 1998 and 2016, Dr Nash taught at the University of Bristol and was responsible for the latter part of the part-time degree in Archaeology. Dr Nash has undertaken research from many parts of the world and has published over 170 peer-reviewed articles and has edited, co-edited and written 48 books. In 2022, Dr Nash was invited to advise and participate in a six-part television series that dealt with the movement of early modern humans in Europe and the rock art they produced. Dr Nash is currently part of the First Art team, undertaking fieldwork in the caves and rock shelters of Spain and Portugal.

• Introduction: Changes and dynamics in western Iberian prehistoric rock art; 1. The Discovery of Paleolithic Art in Portugal: The Escoural Cave; 2. Looking Through Rock Eyes: Being Upper Palaeolithic in The Côa Valley and its Territory of Lithic Raw Material Sourcing; 3. The Palaeolithic Rock Art of Northern Portugal and Galicia (Spain); 4. Philosophical Mechanics of An Engraved Horse: The Upper Palaeolithic Open-Air Rock Art Within The Tagus River Basin, Central Portugal; 5. From Hunter Gatherer to Farmer or Something in Between: The Rock Art of Early Holocene; 6. Understanding the Painted Form: The Archaeometric Studies; 7. Schematic Art Paintings in Northern Portugal; 8. Painted Schematic Rock Art Within Central and Southern Portugal; 9. The Tagus River Rock Art (Central Portugal); 10. The Guadiana Valley Rock Art Complex; 11. Picturing In Western Iberian Neolithic Dolmens; 12. Atlantic Rock Art of the Northwest Portugal; 13. Thinking about the Bronze Age Rock Art of Portugal. What's New?; 14. Iron Age Rock Art: Old and New Figures; 15. The Use of Geographic Information Systems [Gis] in the Field of Rock Art

Sara Garcês is a Rock Art Researcher, Contract Researcher and Guest-Assistant Professor at the Polytechnic Institute of Tomar. She is also a Researcher at the Geosciences Centre of the University of Coimbra (u. ID73 – FCT), and Earth and Memory Institute (ITM) in Portugal. Dr Garcês is a specialist in post-Paleolithic rock art of Iberian Peninsula and gained her doctorate at Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro University in Portugal. Dr. Garcês is engaged with paintings and engravings 2D and 3D tracing and several multidisciplinary research projects about prehistoric pigments archaeometry across Iberian Peninsula, UK, Israel, Italy, and Brazil. Her research also focuses on archaeological rock art pigment analyses both in caves and open-air contexts. Her doctoral research is based on the prehistoric rock art of Tagus River Basin. Currently, Dr Garcês is engaged in TURARQ project and FIRST-ART project. Dr Garcês has authored three books on Tagus rock art and has written papers in several national and international journals.George Nash is an Associate Professor at IPT, a Researcher at the Geosciences Centre of the University of Coimbra (u. ID73 – FCT), and Earth and Memory Institute (ITM) in Portugal and an Associate Researcher within the Department of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool. Dr Nash is a specialist in Palaeolithic rock art, and gained his doctorate at NTNU, Trondheim, Norway. Here, Dr Nash researched engraved and painted hunter-gatherer rock art along coastal Norway and Levantine Spain. Between 1998 and 2016, Dr Nash taught at the University of Bristol and was responsible for the latter part of the part-time degree in Archaeology. Dr Nash has undertaken research from many parts of the world and has published over 170 peer-reviewed articles and has edited, co-edited and written 48 books. In 2022, Dr Nash was invited to advise and participate in a six-part television series that dealt with the movement of early modern humans in Europe and the rock art they produced. Dr Nash is currently part of the First Art team, undertaking fieldwork in the caves and rock shelters of Spain and Portugal.

• Introduction: Changes and dynamics in western Iberian prehistoric rock art; 1. The Discovery of Paleolithic Art in Portugal: The Escoural Cave; 2. Looking Through Rock Eyes: Being Upper Palaeolithic in The Côa Valley and its Territory of Lithic Raw Material Sourcing; 3. The Palaeolithic Rock Art of Northern Portugal and Galicia (Spain); 4. Philosophical Mechanics of An Engraved Horse: The Upper Palaeolithic Open-Air Rock Art Within The Tagus River Basin, Central Portugal; 5. From Hunter Gatherer to Farmer or Something in Between: The Rock Art of Early Holocene; 6. Understanding the Painted Form: The Archaeometric Studies; 7. Schematic Art Paintings in Northern Portugal; 8. Painted Schematic Rock Art Within Central and Southern Portugal; 9. The Tagus River Rock Art (Central Portugal); 10. The Guadiana Valley Rock Art Complex; 11. Picturing In Western Iberian Neolithic Dolmens; 12. Atlantic Rock Art of the Northwest Portugal; 13. Thinking about the Bronze Age Rock Art of Portugal. What's New?; 14. Iron Age Rock Art: Old and New Figures; 15. The Use of Geographic Information Systems [Gis] in the Field of Rock Art