Physical Activity in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Katja Siefken is a professor for physical activity and health at the Medical School Hamburg, Germany. Her research focuses on the prevention of non-communicable diseases through physical activity and sport/health for development interventions with a specific focus on low- and middle- income countries.Andrea Ramírez Varela is an assistant professor at the Faculty of Medicine at Los Andes University. Since 2014, she has been the coordinator of the Global Observatory for Physical Activity and a board member since 2020. She is the secretary of the newly formed Latin American Society for Physical Activity and Health Research and a board member of the International Society for Physical Activity and Health.Temo Waqanivalu is a program officer in the Surveillance and Population-Based Prevention unit of the Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) at the World Health Organization (WHO) in Geneva, SwitzerlandNico Schulenkorf is an associate professor of sport management at the University of Technology Sydney, Australia. His research focuses on the social, cultural, and health-related outcomes of sport and event projects in disadvantaged communities.

"As global health inequities persist, it has become increasingly important to recognise how health and health behaviour, including physical activity, are experienced and promoted in LMICs. This book is a welcome and timely addition to the literature on physical activity and health, which has for too long been dominated by work in high-income countries. It brings together perspectives from a range of global LMIC settings, and provides contextual and practical examples from multiple sectors. For those seeking to understand how to advocate for and promote physical activity in LMIC settings, this book is for you." - Catherine Draper, Past ISPAH-President, University of the Witwatersrand"Globally, there are large differences in physical activity prevalence, research, and intervention efforts. Sometimes those differences favor Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) because many of these countries retain historical and culturally-meaningful physical activity practices, often through dance and sport. This book celebrates examples of these strengths in LMICs. But we also know that global economic and technological trends have displaced occupational, transportation, and household activities, creating a pandemic of physical inactivity that affects every country. This book, with contributions by many authors from LMICs, offers research and case studies that point to solutions for overcoming modern barriers to physical activities and strengthening culturally-appropriate activity traditions. Acting on the lessons conveyed in this book can reduce the burdens of physical inactivity related to both non-communicable and infectious diseases in LMICs. This book is for everyone with an interest in physical activity research and practice, global public health, and NCD and health promotion seeking to reduce health inequalities." - James F. Sallis, Professorial Fellow, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, and Distinguished Professor Emeritus, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego

• 1. Moving Forward, Moving More: Putting Low- and Middle-Income Countries Firmly on the Global Physical Activity Agenda 2. Global Physical Activity: International Perspectives with Emphasis on Low- and Middle-Income Countries 3. Physical Activity: Challenges and Opportunities in Low- and Middle-Income Countries 4. Physical Activity Policy Actions: What is the Role of Governments? 5. Active Societies: The Global Action Plan on Physical Activity in Low- and Middle-Income Countries 6. Physical Activity Surveillance in the Context of Low- and Middle-Income Countries 7. Foreign Aid, the Soft Power of Sport, and the Sustainable Development Goals: An Analysis of Australia’s Sport for Development in the Pacific Program 8. Progress and Opportunities for Advancing Physical Activity Behavior Change in LMICs 9. Case Study from Latin America: Understanding the Relationship Between the Built Environment and Physical Activity in Latin American Contexts 10. Case Study from Africa: Physical Activity and Safety From Crime and Traffic 11. Case Study from the South Pacific: Women’s Sport Participation in Fiji: Through a Lens of Structural Inequality 12. Case Study from Central America: Challenges and Opportunities for Physically Active Lifestyles in Girls and Young Women in Costa Rica and Countries in Central America 13. Case Study from Asia: Push for pedal power: Urban mobility and rise of bicycling in Indian cities 14. Case Study from Asia: Active Transportation: The Missing Part of the Puzzle for Physical Activity Promotion in India 15. Case Study from Eastern Europe: Physical Activity in the Czech Republic – a Society in Transformation 16. Moving the Agenda Forward: Reflections and Future Outlook on Physical Activity in Low- and Middle-Income Countries