Roberta Anderson, FRHistS, is a retired Senior Lecturer in Early Modern History, Bath Spa University, Co-Director of the Premodern Diplomats Network (PDN), and is on the editorial board of Legatio, the online journal of PDN, and the advisory board of the Royal Studies Journal.Charlotte Backerra is Assistant Professor for Early Modern History at the University of Göttingen. She has held positions as researcher and lecturer at the universities of Mainz, Stuttgart, and Darmstadt since 2009, and is Technical Editor of the Royal Studies Journal and a board member of the International Intelligence History Association.

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• Foreword 1. Confessional Diplomacy: A Short Introduction Part I Papal Diplomacy 2. The Polish–Lithuanian Interregna and Papal Diplomacy 3. Catholics, Heretics and the ‘Common Enemy’: Papal Diplomacy and the Great Turkish War during the Papacy of Innocent XII, 1691–1700 4. Renewing Roman Diplomacy? Irish Catholicism and the Mission of Fr Bonaventure de Burgo, 1709–1711 Part II Clerics as Diplomats 5. ‘Not fit nor convenient [to] be sent on embassy in the king’s business’: The Diplomatic Missions of the Runaway Friar Robert Barnes to the Schmalkaldic League and Denmark 6. A Most Venerable Provisional Envoy: Friar Diego de la Fuente’s Diplomatic Missions to Jacobean London, 1618–1620 and 1624 7. The Role of Confessor-Ambassador: The Capuchin Diego de Quiroga and Habsburg Politics Part III Religion as a Matter of Diplomacy 8. Catholic Ambassadors in a Protestant Court: London, 1603–1625 9. Scottish Calvinists and Swedish Diplomacy, 1593–1632: The Case of Sir James Spens of Wormiston 10. Catholic Priests and Protestant Chaplains: Religion and Diplomacy in London and Vienna, 1700–1745 11. Imperial Chapels and Chaplains: A Comparative Study of Copenhagen, Stockholm, and Dresden in the Later Seventeenth Century 12. Charles XII of Sweden and the Rákóczi Uprising in Hungary: The Long-lasting Legacy of the Protestant Cause 13. Afterword