Chunlei Guo is a Professor in The Institute of Optics and Physics at the University of Rochester. Before joining the Rochester faculty in 2001, he earned a Ph.D. in Physics from the University of Connecticut and did his postdoctoral training at Los Alamos National Laboratory. His research is in studying femtosecond laser interactions with matter, spanning from atoms and molecules to solid materials. His research at University of Rochester has led to the discoveries of a range of highly functionalized materials through femtosecond laser processing, including the so-called black and colored metals and superhydrophillic and superhydrophobic surfaces. These innovations may find a broad range of applications, and have also been extensively featured by the media, including multiple New York Times articles. Lately, he devoted a significant amount of efforts to developing technologies for global sanitation by working with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Through this mission, he visited Africa multiple times to understand humanitarian issues. To further expand global collaboration under the Gates project, he helped establish an international laboratory at Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics, and Physics in China. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society, Optical Society of America, and International Academy of Photonics & Laser Engineering. He has authored about 300 referred journal articles.Subhash C. Singh is a scientist at the Institute of Optics, University of Rochester and an Associate Professor at Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics, and Physics. Dr. Singh earned a Ph.D. in Physics from University of Allahabad, India in 2009. Prior to working with the Guo Lab, he was IRCSETEMPOWER Postdoctoral Research Fellow at Dublin City University, Ireland for 2 years and a DST-SERB Young Scientist at University of Allahabad for 3 years. He has more than 10 years of research experience in the fields of lasermatter interaction, plasma, nanomaterial processing, spectroscopy, energy applications, plasmonics, and photonics. He has published more than 100 research articles in reputable refereed journals and conference proceedings. His past editor experience includes serving as the main editor for Wiley-VCH book Nanomaterials: Processing and Characterization with Lasers and guest editor for special issues of a number of journals.

• ContentsPreface............................................................................................................................................................................................. ixEditors ............................................................................................................................................................................................. xiContributors...................................................................................................................................................................................xiiiPart A Principles1. Laser Principle: Section Introduction................................................................................................................................... 3Richard Shoemaker2. Basic Laser Principles............................................................................................................................................................. 5Christopher C. Davis3. Interference and Polarization.............................................................................................................................................. 53Alan Rogers4. Introduction to Numerical Analysis for Laser Systems.................................................................................................... 79George Lawrence5. Optical Cavities: Free-Space Laser Resonators................................................................................................................101Robert C. Eckardt6. Optical Cavities: Waveguide Laser Resonators............................................................................................................... 125Chris Hill7. Nonlinear Optics................................................................................................................................................................. 139Orad Reshef and Robert W. Boyd8. Laser Beam Control............................................................................................................................................................ 157Jacky Byatt9. Optical Detection and Noise................................................................................................................................................175Gerald Buller and Jason Smith10. Laser Safety......................................................................................................................................................................... 193J. Michael Green and Karl SchulmeisterPart B Laser design and properties11. Optical Components: Section Introduction.......................................................................................................................211Julian Jones12. Optical Components........................................................................................................................................................... 213Leo H. J. F. Beckmann13. Optical Control Elements................................................................................................................................................... 225Alan Greenaway14. Adaptive Optics and Phase Conjugate Reflectors............................................................................................................ 233Michael J. Damzen and Carl Paterson15. Opto-mechanical Parts....................................................................................................................................................... 239Frank Luecke16. Optical Pulse Generation: Section Introduction.............................................................................................................. 245Clive Ireland17. Quasi-cw and Modulated Beams....................................................................................................................................... 247K. Washio18. Short Pulses......................................................................................................................................................................... 253Andreas Ostendorf19. Ultrashort Pulses................................................................................................................................................................. 265Derryck T. Reid20. Mode-locking Techniques and Principles......................................................................................................................... 295Rüdiger Paschotta21. Attosecond Metrology..........................................................................................................................................................313Pierre Agostini, Andrew J. Piper, and Louis F. DiMauro22. Chirped Pulse Amplification.............................................................................................................................................. 327Donna Strickland23. Optical Parametric Devices................................................................................................................................................ 337M. Ebrahimzadeh24. Optical Parametric Chirped-Pulse Amplification (OPCPA).......................................................................................... 369László Veisz25. Laser Beam Delivery: Section Introduction..................................................................................................................... 389Julian Jones26. Basic Principles................................................................................................................................................................... 391D. P. Hand27. Free-space Optics................................................................................................................................................................ 397Leo H. J. F. Beckmann28. Optical Waveguide Theory................................................................................................................................................. 423George Stewart29. Fibre Optic Beam Delivery................................................................................................................................................. 441D. P. Hand30. Positioning and Scanning Systems.....................................................................................................................................451Jürgen Koch31. Laser Beam Measurement: Section Introduction............................................................................................................ 465Julian Jones32. Beam Propagation............................................................................................................................................................... 467B. A. Ward33. Laser Beam Management Detectors................................................................................................................................. 473Alexander O. Goushcha and Bernd Tabbert34. Laser Energy and Power Measurement............................................................................................................................ 485Robert K. Tyson35. Irradiance and Phase Distribution Measurement........................................................................................................... 489B. Schäfer36. The Measurement of Ultrashort Laser Pulses................................................................................................................. 493Rick Trebino, Rana Jafari, Peeter Piksarv, Pamela Bowlan, Heli Valtna-Lukner, Peeter Saari,Zhe Guang, and Günter SteinmeyerIndex............................................................................................................................................................................................. 543

Chunlei Guo is a Professor in The Institute of Optics and Physics at the University of Rochester. Before joining the Rochester faculty in 2001, he earned a Ph.D. in Physics from the University of Connecticut and did his postdoctoral training at Los Alamos National Laboratory. His research is in studying femtosecond laser interactions with matter, spanning from atoms and molecules to solid materials. His research at University of Rochester has led to the discoveries of a range of highly functionalized materials through femtosecond laser processing, including the so-called black and colored metals and superhydrophillic and superhydrophobic surfaces. These innovations may find a broad range of applications, and have also been extensively featured by the media, including multiple New York Times articles. Lately, he devoted a significant amount of efforts to developing technologies for global sanitation by working with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Through this mission, he visited Africa multiple times to understand humanitarian issues. To further expand global collaboration under the Gates project, he helped establish an international laboratory at Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics, and Physics in China. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society, Optical Society of America, and International Academy of Photonics & Laser Engineering. He has authored about 300 referred journal articles.Subhash C. Singh is a scientist at the Institute of Optics, University of Rochester and an Associate Professor at Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics, and Physics. Dr. Singh earned a Ph.D. in Physics from University of Allahabad, India in 2009. Prior to working with the Guo Lab, he was IRCSETEMPOWER Postdoctoral Research Fellow at Dublin City University, Ireland for 2 years and a DST-SERB Young Scientist at University of Allahabad for 3 years. He has more than 10 years of research experience in the fields of lasermatter interaction, plasma, nanomaterial processing, spectroscopy, energy applications, plasmonics, and photonics. He has published more than 100 research articles in reputable refereed journals and conference proceedings. His past editor experience includes serving as the main editor for Wiley-VCH book Nanomaterials: Processing and Characterization with Lasers and guest editor for special issues of a number of journals.

• ContentsPreface............................................................................................................................................................................................. ixEditors ............................................................................................................................................................................................. xiContributors...................................................................................................................................................................................xiiiPart A Principles1. Laser Principle: Section Introduction................................................................................................................................... 3Richard Shoemaker2. Basic Laser Principles............................................................................................................................................................. 5Christopher C. Davis3. Interference and Polarization.............................................................................................................................................. 53Alan Rogers4. Introduction to Numerical Analysis for Laser Systems.................................................................................................... 79George Lawrence5. Optical Cavities: Free-Space Laser Resonators................................................................................................................101Robert C. Eckardt6. Optical Cavities: Waveguide Laser Resonators............................................................................................................... 125Chris Hill7. Nonlinear Optics................................................................................................................................................................. 139Orad Reshef and Robert W. Boyd8. Laser Beam Control............................................................................................................................................................ 157Jacky Byatt9. Optical Detection and Noise................................................................................................................................................175Gerald Buller and Jason Smith10. Laser Safety......................................................................................................................................................................... 193J. Michael Green and Karl SchulmeisterPart B Laser design and properties11. Optical Components: Section Introduction.......................................................................................................................211Julian Jones12. Optical Components........................................................................................................................................................... 213Leo H. J. F. Beckmann13. Optical Control Elements................................................................................................................................................... 225Alan Greenaway14. Adaptive Optics and Phase Conjugate Reflectors............................................................................................................ 233Michael J. Damzen and Carl Paterson15. Opto-mechanical Parts....................................................................................................................................................... 239Frank Luecke16. Optical Pulse Generation: Section Introduction.............................................................................................................. 245Clive Ireland17. Quasi-cw and Modulated Beams....................................................................................................................................... 247K. Washio18. Short Pulses......................................................................................................................................................................... 253Andreas Ostendorf19. Ultrashort Pulses................................................................................................................................................................. 265Derryck T. Reid20. Mode-locking Techniques and Principles......................................................................................................................... 295Rüdiger Paschotta21. Attosecond Metrology..........................................................................................................................................................313Pierre Agostini, Andrew J. Piper, and Louis F. DiMauro22. Chirped Pulse Amplification.............................................................................................................................................. 327Donna Strickland23. Optical Parametric Devices................................................................................................................................................ 337M. Ebrahimzadeh24. Optical Parametric Chirped-Pulse Amplification (OPCPA).......................................................................................... 369László Veisz25. Laser Beam Delivery: Section Introduction..................................................................................................................... 389Julian Jones26. Basic Principles................................................................................................................................................................... 391D. P. Hand27. Free-space Optics................................................................................................................................................................ 397Leo H. J. F. Beckmann28. Optical Waveguide Theory................................................................................................................................................. 423George Stewart29. Fibre Optic Beam Delivery................................................................................................................................................. 441D. P. Hand30. Positioning and Scanning Systems.....................................................................................................................................451Jürgen Koch31. Laser Beam Measurement: Section Introduction............................................................................................................ 465Julian Jones32. Beam Propagation............................................................................................................................................................... 467B. A. Ward33. Laser Beam Management Detectors................................................................................................................................. 473Alexander O. Goushcha and Bernd Tabbert34. Laser Energy and Power Measurement............................................................................................................................ 485Robert K. Tyson35. Irradiance and Phase Distribution Measurement........................................................................................................... 489B. Schäfer36. The Measurement of Ultrashort Laser Pulses................................................................................................................. 493Rick Trebino, Rana Jafari, Peeter Piksarv, Pamela Bowlan, Heli Valtna-Lukner, Peeter Saari,Zhe Guang, and Günter SteinmeyerIndex............................................................................................................................................................................................. 543

Chunlei Guo is a Professor in The Institute of Optics and Physics at the University of Rochester. Before joining the Rochester faculty in 2001, he earned a Ph.D. in Physics from the University of Connecticut and did his postdoctoral training at Los Alamos National Laboratory. His research is in studying femtosecond laser interactions with matter, spanning from atoms and molecules to solid materials. His research at University of Rochester has led to the discoveries of a range of highly functionalized materials through femtosecond laser processing, including the so-called black and colored metals and superhydrophillic and superhydrophobic surfaces. These innovations may find a broad range of applications, and have also been extensively featured by the media, including multiple New York Times articles. Lately, he devoted a significant amount of efforts to developing technologies for global sanitation by working with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Through this mission, he visited Africa multiple times to understand humanitarian issues. To further expand global collaboration under the Gates project, he helped establish an international laboratory at Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics, and Physics in China. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society, Optical Society of America, and International Academy of Photonics & Laser Engineering. He has authored about 300 referred journal articles.Subhash C. Singh is a scientist at the Institute of Optics, University of Rochester and an Associate Professor at Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics, and Physics. Dr. Singh earned a Ph.D. in Physics from University of Allahabad, India in 2009. Prior to working with the Guo Lab, he was IRCSETEMPOWER Postdoctoral Research Fellow at Dublin City University, Ireland for 2 years and a DST-SERB Young Scientist at University of Allahabad for 3 years. He has more than 10 years of research experience in the fields of lasermatter interaction, plasma, nanomaterial processing, spectroscopy, energy applications, plasmonics, and photonics. He has published more than 100 research articles in reputable refereed journals and conference proceedings. His past editor experience includes serving as the main editor for Wiley-VCH book Nanomaterials: Processing and Characterization with Lasers and guest editor for special issues of a number of journals.

• ContentsPreface............................................................................................................................................................................................. ixEditors ............................................................................................................................................................................................. xiContributors...................................................................................................................................................................................xiiiPart A Principles1. Laser Principle: Section Introduction................................................................................................................................... 3Richard Shoemaker2. Basic Laser Principles............................................................................................................................................................. 5Christopher C. Davis3. Interference and Polarization.............................................................................................................................................. 53Alan Rogers4. Introduction to Numerical Analysis for Laser Systems.................................................................................................... 79George Lawrence5. Optical Cavities: Free-Space Laser Resonators................................................................................................................101Robert C. Eckardt6. Optical Cavities: Waveguide Laser Resonators............................................................................................................... 125Chris Hill7. Nonlinear Optics................................................................................................................................................................. 139Orad Reshef and Robert W. Boyd8. Laser Beam Control............................................................................................................................................................ 157Jacky Byatt9. Optical Detection and Noise................................................................................................................................................175Gerald Buller and Jason Smith10. Laser Safety......................................................................................................................................................................... 193J. Michael Green and Karl SchulmeisterPart B Laser design and properties11. Optical Components: Section Introduction.......................................................................................................................211Julian Jones12. Optical Components........................................................................................................................................................... 213Leo H. J. F. Beckmann13. Optical Control Elements................................................................................................................................................... 225Alan Greenaway14. Adaptive Optics and Phase Conjugate Reflectors............................................................................................................ 233Michael J. Damzen and Carl Paterson15. Opto-mechanical Parts....................................................................................................................................................... 239Frank Luecke16. Optical Pulse Generation: Section Introduction.............................................................................................................. 245Clive Ireland17. Quasi-cw and Modulated Beams....................................................................................................................................... 247K. Washio18. Short Pulses......................................................................................................................................................................... 253Andreas Ostendorf19. Ultrashort Pulses................................................................................................................................................................. 265Derryck T. Reid20. Mode-locking Techniques and Principles......................................................................................................................... 295Rüdiger Paschotta21. Attosecond Metrology..........................................................................................................................................................313Pierre Agostini, Andrew J. Piper, and Louis F. DiMauro22. Chirped Pulse Amplification.............................................................................................................................................. 327Donna Strickland23. Optical Parametric Devices................................................................................................................................................ 337M. Ebrahimzadeh24. Optical Parametric Chirped-Pulse Amplification (OPCPA).......................................................................................... 369László Veisz25. Laser Beam Delivery: Section Introduction..................................................................................................................... 389Julian Jones26. Basic Principles................................................................................................................................................................... 391D. P. Hand27. Free-space Optics................................................................................................................................................................ 397Leo H. J. F. Beckmann28. Optical Waveguide Theory................................................................................................................................................. 423George Stewart29. Fibre Optic Beam Delivery................................................................................................................................................. 441D. P. Hand30. Positioning and Scanning Systems.....................................................................................................................................451Jürgen Koch31. Laser Beam Measurement: Section Introduction............................................................................................................ 465Julian Jones32. Beam Propagation............................................................................................................................................................... 467B. A. Ward33. Laser Beam Management Detectors................................................................................................................................. 473Alexander O. Goushcha and Bernd Tabbert34. Laser Energy and Power Measurement............................................................................................................................ 485Robert K. Tyson35. Irradiance and Phase Distribution Measurement........................................................................................................... 489B. Schäfer36. The Measurement of Ultrashort Laser Pulses................................................................................................................. 493Rick Trebino, Rana Jafari, Peeter Piksarv, Pamela Bowlan, Heli Valtna-Lukner, Peeter Saari,Zhe Guang, and Günter SteinmeyerIndex............................................................................................................................................................................................. 543