Handbook of Laser Technology and Applications

Chunlei Guo is a Professor in The Institute of Optics and Physics at the University of Rochester. Before joining the Rochester faculty in 2001, he earned a PhD in Physics from the University of Connecticut and did his postdoctoral training at Los Alamos National Laboratory. His research is in studying femtosecond laser interactions with matter, spanning from atoms and molecules to solid materials. His research at University of Rochester has led to the discoveries of a range of highly functionalized materials through femtosecond laser processing, including the so-called black and colored metals and superhydrophillic and superhydrophobic surfaces. These innovations may find a broad range of applications, and have also been extensively featured by the media, including multiple New York Times articles. Lately, he devoted a significant amount of efforts to developing technologies for global sanitation by working with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Through this mission, he visited Africa multiple times to understand humanitarian issues. To further expand global collaboration under the Gates project, he helped establish an international laboratory at Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics, and Physics in China. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society, Optical Society of America, and International Academy of Photonics & Laser Engineering. He has authored about 300 referred journal articles.Subhash C. Singh is a scientist at the Institute of Optics, University of Rochester and an Associate Professor at Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics, and Physics. Dr. Singh earned a Ph.D. in Physics from University of Allahabad, India in 2009. Prior to working with the Guo Lab, he was IRCSETEMPOWER Postdoctoral Research Fellow at Dublin City University, Ireland for 2 years and a DST-SERB Young Scientist at University of Allahabad for 3 years. He has more than 10 years of research experience in the fields of laser-matter interaction, plasma, nanomaterial processing, spectroscopy, energy applications, plasmonics, and photonics. He has published more than 100 research articles in reputable refereed journals and conference proceedings. His past editor experience includes serving as the main editor for Wiley-VCH book Nanomaterials; Processing and Characterization with Lasers and guest editor for special issues of a number of journals.

• ContentsPreface............................................................................................................................................................................................. ixEditors.............................................................................................................................................................................................. xiContributors...................................................................................................................................................................................xiii1. Solid-State Lasers: Section Introduction.............................................................................................................................. 1R. C. Powell2. Transition Metal Ion Lasers—Cr3+....................................................................................................................................... 3Georges Boulon3. Transition Metal Ion Lasers Other Than Cr3+................................................................................................................... 25Stephen A. Payne4. Rare-Earth Ion Lasers—Nd3+............................................................................................................................................. 35A. I. Zagumennyi, V. A. Mikhailov, and I. A. Shcherbakov5. Rare-Earth Ions—Miscellaneous: Ce3+, U3+, Divalent, etc............................................................................................... 55Gregory J. Quarles6. Ti:sapphire: Material, Lasers and Amplifiers................................................................................................................... 69Peter F. Moulton, Alan R. Fry, and Peter Fendel7. Lanthanide Series Lasers—Near-Infrared........................................................................................................................ 83Norman P. Barnes8. Lasers Based on Non-Linear Effects..................................................................................................................................101Fabienne Pellé9. Solid-State Raman Lasers.................................................................................................................................................. 127T. T. Basiev and R. C. Powell10. Colour Centre Lasers...........................................................................................................................................................151T. T. Basiev, P. G. Zverev, and S. B. Mirov11. Laser Diodes: Section Introduction....................................................................................................................................167Ian White12. Basic Principles of Laser Diodes........................................................................................................................................ 169Niloy K. Dutta13. Spectral Control in Laser Diodes...................................................................................................................................... 195Markus-Christian Amann14. High-Speed Laser Diodes....................................................................................................................................................211Peter P. Vasil’ev15. High-Power Laser Diodes and Laser Diode Arrays........................................................................................................ 225Peter Unger16. Visible Laser Diodes: Properties of III–V Red-Emitting Laser Diodes........................................................................ 235Peter Blood17. Visible Laser Diodes: Properties of Blue Laser Diodes................................................................................................... 251Robert Martin18. Long-Wavelength Laser Diodes......................................................................................................................................... 263S. Anders, G. Strasser, and E. Gornik19. Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Amplifiers for Switching and Signal Processing................................................. 273Hitoshi Kawaguchi20. Silicon-Based Lasers........................................................................................................................................................... 287Qiang Li, Bei Shi, and Yu Han21. Gas/Vapour Lasers: Section Introduction........................................................................................................................ 299Julian Jones22. Atomic Gas Lasers: Helium–Neon Lasers........................................................................................................................ 301Alan D. White and Lisa Tsufura23. Helium–Cadmium Laser.................................................................................................................................................... 309William T. Silfvast24. Copper and Gold Vapour Lasers........................................................................................................................................315Colin Webb25. Ion Lasers: Argon and Krypton Ion Lasers..................................................................................................................... 325Malcolm H. Dunn and Tony Gutierrez26. Carbon Dioxide Lasers....................................................................................................................................................... 337Denis R. Hall27. Excimer Lasers: F2, N2 and H2 Lasers.............................................................................................................................. 365W. J. Witteman28. High-Brightness Excimer Lasers and Extreme Conditions They Produce................................................................... 403Sándor Szatmári29. Optically Pumped Mid-IR Lasers: NH3, C2H2..................................................................................................................419Mary S. Tobin30. Far-IR Lasers: HCN, H2O.................................................................................................................................................. 433Wilhelm Prettl31. Diode-Pumped Alkali Lasers (DPALs)............................................................................................................................. 441Boris Zhdanov and Randall Knize32. Chemical Lasers:Section Introduction............................................................................................................................. 449Julian Jones33. Chemical Lasers: COIL......................................................................................................................................................451B. D. Barmashenko and S. Rosenwaks34. Chemical Lasers: HF/DF.................................................................................................................................................... 467Lee H. Sentman35. Fiber and Waveguide Lasers: Section Introduction........................................................................................................ 475R. C. Powell36. Fibre Lasers......................................................................................................................................................................... 477Wei Shi, Shijie Fu, and Qiang Fang37. High-Power Fibre Lasers.................................................................................................................................................... 489Christophe A. Codemard and M. N. Zervas38. Raman Fibre Lasers........................................................................................................................................................... 501Igor Bufetov and Sergey Babin39. Solitons and Dissipative Solitons for Ultrafast Lasers.....................................................................................................521Ph Grelu40. Bismuth-Doped Fibre Lasers and Optical Amplifiers..................................................................................................... 535Evgeny Dianov41. Erbium and Other Doped Fibre Amplifiers..................................................................................................................... 557Kevin Cordina42. High-Power Planar Waveguide Lasers............................................................................................................................. 571J. I. Mackenzie and D. P. Shepherd43. MEMS-Based Swept Laser Source................................................................................................................................... 585John O. Gerguis, Yasser M. Sabry, Haitham Omran, and Diaa Khalil44. Dye Lasers: Section Introduction...................................................................................................................................... 599Colin Webb45. Liquid Lasers....................................................................................................................................................................... 601David H. Titterton46. Solid-State Dye Lasers........................................................................................................................................................ 623David H. Titterton47. Other Lasers: Section Introduction.................................................................................................................................. 637Colin Webb, Subhash C. Singh, and Chunlei Guo48. Free-Electron Lasers and Synchrotron Light Sources................................................................................................... 639P. G. O’Shea and J. B. Murphy49. X-Ray Lasers........................................................................................................................................................................ 653Jorge J. Rocca50. Terahertz Lasers................................................................................................................................................................. 671Taiichi OtsujiIndex............................................................................................................................................................................................. 685