Lawrence T. Dauer, Bae P. Chu, Pat B. Zanzonico

• Introduction 1. Essential Inquiries: Dose Benefit and Risk in Medical Imaging Part I. Optimization and Dose Reduction in Medical Imaging 2. Radiation Dose Manageme 3. Nominal and Collective Radiation Dose in Medical Imaging: Critical Review of Survey Studies 4. Diagnostic Reference Levels 5. Optimization and Dose Reduction in Dentomaxillofacial Imaging 6. Optimization and Dose Reduction in Mammographic Imaging 7. Optimization and Dose Reduction in Fluoroscopy and Interventional Imaging 8. Optimization and Dose Reduction in Computed Tomographic Imaging 9. Optimization and Dose Reduction in Nuclear Medicine 10. Optimization and Dose Reduction in Hybrid Imaging: PET/CT and SPECT/CT 11. Optimization and Dose Reduction in Pediatric Medical Imaging 12. Optimization and Dose Reduction in Medical Imaging of the Pregnant Patient Part III. Radiation Risks in Medical Imaging 13. Risks of Low-Level Exposure to Radiation – Biological Basis 14. Review of Current Radiation Risk Models As Related to Medical Imaging 15. Quantitative Benefit-Risk Analysis of Medical Radiation Exposures Part IV. Medical Imaging: Safety Approach 16. Medical Imaging: Approach of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation Part V. Patient Communications and Shared Decision-Making 17. Informed Decision Making in Medical Imaging 18. Communicating Risks and Benefits of Medical Imaging: The Patient Perspective Conclusion 19. Essential Messages: Dose, Benefit, and Risk in Medical Imaging

Lawrence T. Dauer, Bae P. Chu, Pat B. Zanzonico

• Introduction 1. Essential Inquiries: Dose Benefit and Risk in Medical Imaging Part I. Optimization and Dose Reduction in Medical Imaging 2. Radiation Dose Manageme 3. Nominal and Collective Radiation Dose in Medical Imaging: Critical Review of Survey Studies 4. Diagnostic Reference Levels 5. Optimization and Dose Reduction in Dentomaxillofacial Imaging 6. Optimization and Dose Reduction in Mammographic Imaging 7. Optimization and Dose Reduction in Fluoroscopy and Interventional Imaging 8. Optimization and Dose Reduction in Computed Tomographic Imaging 9. Optimization and Dose Reduction in Nuclear Medicine 10. Optimization and Dose Reduction in Hybrid Imaging: PET/CT and SPECT/CT 11. Optimization and Dose Reduction in Pediatric Medical Imaging 12. Optimization and Dose Reduction in Medical Imaging of the Pregnant Patient Part III. Radiation Risks in Medical Imaging 13. Risks of Low-Level Exposure to Radiation – Biological Basis 14. Review of Current Radiation Risk Models As Related to Medical Imaging 15. Quantitative Benefit-Risk Analysis of Medical Radiation Exposures Part IV. Medical Imaging: Safety Approach 16. Medical Imaging: Approach of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation Part V. Patient Communications and Shared Decision-Making 17. Informed Decision Making in Medical Imaging 18. Communicating Risks and Benefits of Medical Imaging: The Patient Perspective Conclusion 19. Essential Messages: Dose, Benefit, and Risk in Medical Imaging

Lawrence T. Dauer, Bae P. Chu, Pat B. Zanzonico

• Introduction 1. Essential Inquiries: Dose Benefit and Risk in Medical Imaging Part I. Optimization and Dose Reduction in Medical Imaging 2. Radiation Dose Manageme 3. Nominal and Collective Radiation Dose in Medical Imaging: Critical Review of Survey Studies 4. Diagnostic Reference Levels 5. Optimization and Dose Reduction in Dentomaxillofacial Imaging 6. Optimization and Dose Reduction in Mammographic Imaging 7. Optimization and Dose Reduction in Fluoroscopy and Interventional Imaging 8. Optimization and Dose Reduction in Computed Tomographic Imaging 9. Optimization and Dose Reduction in Nuclear Medicine 10. Optimization and Dose Reduction in Hybrid Imaging: PET/CT and SPECT/CT 11. Optimization and Dose Reduction in Pediatric Medical Imaging 12. Optimization and Dose Reduction in Medical Imaging of the Pregnant Patient Part III. Radiation Risks in Medical Imaging 13. Risks of Low-Level Exposure to Radiation – Biological Basis 14. Review of Current Radiation Risk Models As Related to Medical Imaging 15. Quantitative Benefit-Risk Analysis of Medical Radiation Exposures Part IV. Medical Imaging: Safety Approach 16. Medical Imaging: Approach of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation Part V. Patient Communications and Shared Decision-Making 17. Informed Decision Making in Medical Imaging 18. Communicating Risks and Benefits of Medical Imaging: The Patient Perspective Conclusion 19. Essential Messages: Dose, Benefit, and Risk in Medical Imaging