Susanne Hanger-Kopp is a researcher at the Institute for Environmental Decisions at ETH Zürich, Switzerland, and at the Risk and Resilience Program of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis in Laxenburg, Austria.Jenny Lieu is a research fellow at the University of Sussex, UK, and guest researcher at the Transdisciplinary Lap of the Department of Environmental Systems Science at ETH Zürich, Switzerland.Alexandros Nikas is a researcher at the Management & Decision Support Systems Laboratory of the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Greece.

• List of figuresList of tablesNotes on contributorsPreface and acknowledgementsPart I: Setting the stage1. Introduction Susanne Hanger-Kopp, Jenny Lieu, and Alexandros Nikas2. Framing risks and uncertainties associated with low-carbon pathways Susanne Hanger-Kopp, Alexandros Nikas, Jenny LieuPart II: Pathways for incumbent large-scale technology systems3. Austria: co-designing a low-carbon transition pathway focusing on energy supply for the iron and steel sectorBrigitte Wolkinger, Jakob Mayer, Andreas Tuerk, Gabriel Bachner, and Karl Steininger 4. Canada: finding common ground - the need for plural voices in lower-carbon futures of the Alberta oil sandsLuis D. Virla, Jenny Lieu, and Cecilia Fitzpatrick 5. United Kingdom: pathways towards a low-carbon electricity system – nuclear expansion versus nuclear phase out Rocío Alvarez-Tinoco, Michele Stua, and Gordon MacKerron Part III: Pathways towards renewable electricity systems6. Chile: promoting renewable energy and the risk of energy poverty in ChileLuis E. Gonzales Carrasco and Rodrigo Cerda7. The Netherlands: expanding solar PV – risk and uncertainties associated with small- and large-scale optionsKrisztina de Bruyn-Szendrei, Wytze van der Gaast, and Eise Spijker 8. Spain: on a rollercoaster of regulatory change - risks and uncertainties associated with a renewable energy transition Alevgul H. Sorman, Cristina Pizarro-Irizar, Xaquín García-Muros, Mikel González-Eguino, and Iñaki Arto9. Switzerland: risks associated with implementing a national energy strategy Oscar van VlietPart IV: Pathways towards energy-efficient building sectors10. China: risks and uncertainties in low-carbon pathways for the urban building sector Lei Song, Jenny Lieu, and Ying Chen11. Greece: from near-term actions to long-term pathways - risks and uncertainties associated with the national energy efficiency framework Alexandros Nikas, Nikolaos Gkonis, Aikaterini Forouli, Eleftherios Siskos, Apostolos Arsenopoulos, Aikaterini Papapostolou, Eleni Kanellou, Charikleia Karakosta, and Haris DoukasPart V: Pathways focusing on renewable energy technologies at household and community levels12. Indonesia: risks and uncertainties associated with biogas for cooking and electricityMariana Silaen, Yudiandra Yuwono, Richard Taylor, Tahia Devisscher, Syamsidar Thamrin, Cynthia Ismail, and Takeshi Takama 13. Kenya: risks and uncertainties around low-carbon energy pathways Oliver W. Johnson, Hannah Wanjiru, Mbeo Ogeya, and Francis X. JohnsonPart VI: Synthesis. 14. Transition pathways, risks, and uncertainties Jenny Lieu, Susanne Hanger-Kopp, Wytze van der Gaast, Richard Taylor

Susanne Hanger-Kopp is a researcher at the Institute for Environmental Decisions at ETH Zürich, Switzerland, and at the Risk and Resilience Program of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis in Laxenburg, Austria.Jenny Lieu is a research fellow at the University of Sussex, UK, and guest researcher at the Transdisciplinary Lap of the Department of Environmental Systems Science at ETH Zürich, Switzerland.Alexandros Nikas is a researcher at the Management & Decision Support Systems Laboratory of the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Greece.

• List of figuresList of tablesNotes on contributorsPreface and acknowledgementsPart I: Setting the stage1. Introduction Susanne Hanger-Kopp, Jenny Lieu, and Alexandros Nikas2. Framing risks and uncertainties associated with low-carbon pathways Susanne Hanger-Kopp, Alexandros Nikas, Jenny LieuPart II: Pathways for incumbent large-scale technology systems3. Austria: co-designing a low-carbon transition pathway focusing on energy supply for the iron and steel sectorBrigitte Wolkinger, Jakob Mayer, Andreas Tuerk, Gabriel Bachner, and Karl Steininger 4. Canada: finding common ground - the need for plural voices in lower-carbon futures of the Alberta oil sandsLuis D. Virla, Jenny Lieu, and Cecilia Fitzpatrick 5. United Kingdom: pathways towards a low-carbon electricity system – nuclear expansion versus nuclear phase out Rocío Alvarez-Tinoco, Michele Stua, and Gordon MacKerron Part III: Pathways towards renewable electricity systems6. Chile: promoting renewable energy and the risk of energy poverty in ChileLuis E. Gonzales Carrasco and Rodrigo Cerda7. The Netherlands: expanding solar PV – risk and uncertainties associated with small- and large-scale optionsKrisztina de Bruyn-Szendrei, Wytze van der Gaast, and Eise Spijker 8. Spain: on a rollercoaster of regulatory change - risks and uncertainties associated with a renewable energy transition Alevgul H. Sorman, Cristina Pizarro-Irizar, Xaquín García-Muros, Mikel González-Eguino, and Iñaki Arto9. Switzerland: risks associated with implementing a national energy strategy Oscar van VlietPart IV: Pathways towards energy-efficient building sectors10. China: risks and uncertainties in low-carbon pathways for the urban building sector Lei Song, Jenny Lieu, and Ying Chen11. Greece: from near-term actions to long-term pathways - risks and uncertainties associated with the national energy efficiency framework Alexandros Nikas, Nikolaos Gkonis, Aikaterini Forouli, Eleftherios Siskos, Apostolos Arsenopoulos, Aikaterini Papapostolou, Eleni Kanellou, Charikleia Karakosta, and Haris DoukasPart V: Pathways focusing on renewable energy technologies at household and community levels12. Indonesia: risks and uncertainties associated with biogas for cooking and electricityMariana Silaen, Yudiandra Yuwono, Richard Taylor, Tahia Devisscher, Syamsidar Thamrin, Cynthia Ismail, and Takeshi Takama 13. Kenya: risks and uncertainties around low-carbon energy pathways Oliver W. Johnson, Hannah Wanjiru, Mbeo Ogeya, and Francis X. JohnsonPart VI: Synthesis. 14. Transition pathways, risks, and uncertainties Jenny Lieu, Susanne Hanger-Kopp, Wytze van der Gaast, Richard Taylor

Susanne Hanger-Kopp is a researcher at the Institute for Environmental Decisions at ETH Zürich, Switzerland, and at the Risk and Resilience Program of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis in Laxenburg, Austria.Jenny Lieu is a research fellow at the University of Sussex, UK, and guest researcher at the Transdisciplinary Lap of the Department of Environmental Systems Science at ETH Zürich, Switzerland.Alexandros Nikas is a researcher at the Management & Decision Support Systems Laboratory of the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Greece.

• List of figuresList of tablesNotes on contributorsPreface and acknowledgementsPart I: Setting the stage1. Introduction Susanne Hanger-Kopp, Jenny Lieu, and Alexandros Nikas2. Framing risks and uncertainties associated with low-carbon pathways Susanne Hanger-Kopp, Alexandros Nikas, Jenny LieuPart II: Pathways for incumbent large-scale technology systems3. Austria: co-designing a low-carbon transition pathway focusing on energy supply for the iron and steel sectorBrigitte Wolkinger, Jakob Mayer, Andreas Tuerk, Gabriel Bachner, and Karl Steininger 4. Canada: finding common ground - the need for plural voices in lower-carbon futures of the Alberta oil sandsLuis D. Virla, Jenny Lieu, and Cecilia Fitzpatrick 5. United Kingdom: pathways towards a low-carbon electricity system – nuclear expansion versus nuclear phase out Rocío Alvarez-Tinoco, Michele Stua, and Gordon MacKerron Part III: Pathways towards renewable electricity systems6. Chile: promoting renewable energy and the risk of energy poverty in ChileLuis E. Gonzales Carrasco and Rodrigo Cerda7. The Netherlands: expanding solar PV – risk and uncertainties associated with small- and large-scale optionsKrisztina de Bruyn-Szendrei, Wytze van der Gaast, and Eise Spijker 8. Spain: on a rollercoaster of regulatory change - risks and uncertainties associated with a renewable energy transition Alevgul H. Sorman, Cristina Pizarro-Irizar, Xaquín García-Muros, Mikel González-Eguino, and Iñaki Arto9. Switzerland: risks associated with implementing a national energy strategy Oscar van VlietPart IV: Pathways towards energy-efficient building sectors10. China: risks and uncertainties in low-carbon pathways for the urban building sector Lei Song, Jenny Lieu, and Ying Chen11. Greece: from near-term actions to long-term pathways - risks and uncertainties associated with the national energy efficiency framework Alexandros Nikas, Nikolaos Gkonis, Aikaterini Forouli, Eleftherios Siskos, Apostolos Arsenopoulos, Aikaterini Papapostolou, Eleni Kanellou, Charikleia Karakosta, and Haris DoukasPart V: Pathways focusing on renewable energy technologies at household and community levels12. Indonesia: risks and uncertainties associated with biogas for cooking and electricityMariana Silaen, Yudiandra Yuwono, Richard Taylor, Tahia Devisscher, Syamsidar Thamrin, Cynthia Ismail, and Takeshi Takama 13. Kenya: risks and uncertainties around low-carbon energy pathways Oliver W. Johnson, Hannah Wanjiru, Mbeo Ogeya, and Francis X. JohnsonPart VI: Synthesis. 14. Transition pathways, risks, and uncertainties Jenny Lieu, Susanne Hanger-Kopp, Wytze van der Gaast, Richard Taylor