Jari Eloranta is Professor of Economic History at the University of Helsinki, Finland.Eric Golson is a Senior Teaching Fellow in the School of Economics at the University of Surrey, UK, and also teaches at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), London, UK. Peter Hedberg is Associate Professor of Economic History at Uppsala University, Sweden. Maria Cristina Moreira is an Assistant Professor of Economics at the University of Minho, Portugal.

• List of contributors; Foreword PATRICK KARL O’BRIEN; 1 Introduction JARI ELORANTA, PETER HEDBERG, MARIA CRISTINA MOREIRA, AND ERIC GOLSON PART I Interplay of trade and conflicts in the long run 2 Trade and the new republic: American trade during the Napoleonic Wars, 1783–1830 JEREMY LAND, JARI ELORANTA, AND MARIA CRISTINA MOREIRA 3 The United States and the Mediterranean during the French Wars (1793–1815) SILVIA MARZAGALLI 4 Commercial relations between Portugal and Russia: neutrality, trade, and finance, (1770–1850) MARIA CRISTINA MOREIRA, RITA MARTINS DE SOUSA, AND WERNER SCHELTJENS 5 Taxation in Brazil in the Napoleonic Wars: neutrality, economy and the outcomes of a royal court in transit RODRIGO DA COSTA DOMINGUEZ AND ANGELO ALVES CARRARA 6 Wartime trade and tariffs in Sweden from the Napoleonic Wars to World War I PETER HEDBERG AND HENRIC HÄGGQVIST PART II Trade and neutrality in conflicts 7 Small states in harm’s way: neutrality in war ERIC GOLSON 8 The Atlantic orientation: Norway and the western blockade of Germany, 1914–1918 KNUT OLA NAASTAD STRØM 9 What was the impact of World War I on Swedish economic and business performance? A case study of the ball bearings manufacturer SKF ERIC GOLSON AND JASON LENNARD 10 The macroeconomic effects of neutrality: evidence from the Nordic countries during the wars JASON LENNARD AND ERIC GOLSON 11 No room for neutrality? The uncommitted European nations and the economic Cold War in the 1950s NIKLAS JENSEN-ERIKSEN 12 Concluding neutrality and war: bicycles in the rush hour TOSHIAKI TAMAKI AND JARI OJALA

Jari Eloranta is Professor of Economic History at the University of Helsinki, Finland.Eric Golson is a Senior Teaching Fellow in the School of Economics at the University of Surrey, UK, and also teaches at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), London, UK. Peter Hedberg is Associate Professor of Economic History at Uppsala University, Sweden. Maria Cristina Moreira is an Assistant Professor of Economics at the University of Minho, Portugal.

• List of contributors; Foreword PATRICK KARL O’BRIEN; 1 Introduction JARI ELORANTA, PETER HEDBERG, MARIA CRISTINA MOREIRA, AND ERIC GOLSON PART I Interplay of trade and conflicts in the long run 2 Trade and the new republic: American trade during the Napoleonic Wars, 1783–1830 JEREMY LAND, JARI ELORANTA, AND MARIA CRISTINA MOREIRA 3 The United States and the Mediterranean during the French Wars (1793–1815) SILVIA MARZAGALLI 4 Commercial relations between Portugal and Russia: neutrality, trade, and finance, (1770–1850) MARIA CRISTINA MOREIRA, RITA MARTINS DE SOUSA, AND WERNER SCHELTJENS 5 Taxation in Brazil in the Napoleonic Wars: neutrality, economy and the outcomes of a royal court in transit RODRIGO DA COSTA DOMINGUEZ AND ANGELO ALVES CARRARA 6 Wartime trade and tariffs in Sweden from the Napoleonic Wars to World War I PETER HEDBERG AND HENRIC HÄGGQVIST PART II Trade and neutrality in conflicts 7 Small states in harm’s way: neutrality in war ERIC GOLSON 8 The Atlantic orientation: Norway and the western blockade of Germany, 1914–1918 KNUT OLA NAASTAD STRØM 9 What was the impact of World War I on Swedish economic and business performance? A case study of the ball bearings manufacturer SKF ERIC GOLSON AND JASON LENNARD 10 The macroeconomic effects of neutrality: evidence from the Nordic countries during the wars JASON LENNARD AND ERIC GOLSON 11 No room for neutrality? The uncommitted European nations and the economic Cold War in the 1950s NIKLAS JENSEN-ERIKSEN 12 Concluding neutrality and war: bicycles in the rush hour TOSHIAKI TAMAKI AND JARI OJALA

Jari Eloranta is Professor of Economic History at the University of Helsinki, Finland.Eric Golson is a Senior Teaching Fellow in the School of Economics at the University of Surrey, UK, and also teaches at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), London, UK. Peter Hedberg is Associate Professor of Economic History at Uppsala University, Sweden. Maria Cristina Moreira is an Assistant Professor of Economics at the University of Minho, Portugal.

• List of contributors; Foreword PATRICK KARL O’BRIEN; 1 Introduction JARI ELORANTA, PETER HEDBERG, MARIA CRISTINA MOREIRA, AND ERIC GOLSON PART I Interplay of trade and conflicts in the long run 2 Trade and the new republic: American trade during the Napoleonic Wars, 1783–1830 JEREMY LAND, JARI ELORANTA, AND MARIA CRISTINA MOREIRA 3 The United States and the Mediterranean during the French Wars (1793–1815) SILVIA MARZAGALLI 4 Commercial relations between Portugal and Russia: neutrality, trade, and finance, (1770–1850) MARIA CRISTINA MOREIRA, RITA MARTINS DE SOUSA, AND WERNER SCHELTJENS 5 Taxation in Brazil in the Napoleonic Wars: neutrality, economy and the outcomes of a royal court in transit RODRIGO DA COSTA DOMINGUEZ AND ANGELO ALVES CARRARA 6 Wartime trade and tariffs in Sweden from the Napoleonic Wars to World War I PETER HEDBERG AND HENRIC HÄGGQVIST PART II Trade and neutrality in conflicts 7 Small states in harm’s way: neutrality in war ERIC GOLSON 8 The Atlantic orientation: Norway and the western blockade of Germany, 1914–1918 KNUT OLA NAASTAD STRØM 9 What was the impact of World War I on Swedish economic and business performance? A case study of the ball bearings manufacturer SKF ERIC GOLSON AND JASON LENNARD 10 The macroeconomic effects of neutrality: evidence from the Nordic countries during the wars JASON LENNARD AND ERIC GOLSON 11 No room for neutrality? The uncommitted European nations and the economic Cold War in the 1950s NIKLAS JENSEN-ERIKSEN 12 Concluding neutrality and war: bicycles in the rush hour TOSHIAKI TAMAKI AND JARI OJALA