Hugh LaFollette is Professor of Philosophy and Niall Shanks of Associate Professor of Philosophy and Adjunct Professor of Biological Sciences at East Tennessee State University.

• Part I. Understanding the Debate 1. A First Look: the Prima Facie Case 2. The Problems of Relevance 3. Claude Bernard: The Founder of the Paradigm 4. The Current Paradigm 5. Evolution I: Species and Species' Differences 6. Evolution II: The Widening Synthesis Part II. Evaluating Animal Experimentation: The Scientific Issues 7. Causal Disanalogy I: Strong Models and Theoretical Expectations 8. Causal Disanalogy II: The Empirical Evidence 9. Causal Disanalogy III: Weak Models 10. Evading Causal Disanalogy: It Just Works 11. Avoiding Causal Disanalogy: Transgenic Animals 12. Basic Research Part III. Evaluating Animal Experimentation: The Moral Issues 13. The Moral Debate in Historical Context 14. Speciesism: The Deontological Defense 15. Incalculable Benefits: the Consequentialist Defense.