Philip Towle is Reader in International Relations at the Centre of International Studies at the University of Cambridge. His previous publications include Enforced Disarmament: From Napoleonic Campaigns to the Gulf (Clarendon, 1997).

• 1 Introduction 2 Whigs and Tories in 1815: imposing a government 3 Bismarck and Favre in 1870: nationality and territory 4 Kitchener, Milner, Smuts and De Wet in 1902: surrender and reconciliation 5 Witte and Komura in 1905: indemnities and exactions 6 Lloyd George and Foch in 1919: the destruction of militarism 7 The British debates in 1919 and 1933: victory in battle, defeat in the mind 8 Hitler and Churchill in 1942: objectives in war 9 Bishops, lawyers and war crimes trials 1210 Turner Joy and Nam Il in 1952: prisoners of war or hostages? 11 Cabot Lodge and Tran Buu Kiem in Paris in 1969: compromise and surrender 12 and peacemaking

Philip Towle is Reader in International Relations at the Centre of International Studies at the University of Cambridge. His previous publications include Enforced Disarmament: From Napoleonic Campaigns to the Gulf (Clarendon, 1997).

• 1 Introduction 2 Whigs and Tories in 1815: imposing a government 3 Bismarck and Favre in 1870: nationality and territory 4 Kitchener, Milner, Smuts and De Wet in 1902: surrender and reconciliation 5 Witte and Komura in 1905: indemnities and exactions 6 Lloyd George and Foch in 1919: the destruction of militarism 7 The British debates in 1919 and 1933: victory in battle, defeat in the mind 8 Hitler and Churchill in 1942: objectives in war 9 Bishops, lawyers and war crimes trials 1210 Turner Joy and Nam Il in 1952: prisoners of war or hostages? 11 Cabot Lodge and Tran Buu Kiem in Paris in 1969: compromise and surrender 12 and peacemaking

Philip Towle is Reader in International Relations at the Centre of International Studies at the University of Cambridge. His previous publications include Enforced Disarmament: From Napoleonic Campaigns to the Gulf (Clarendon, 1997).

• 1 Introduction 2 Whigs and Tories in 1815: imposing a government 3 Bismarck and Favre in 1870: nationality and territory 4 Kitchener, Milner, Smuts and De Wet in 1902: surrender and reconciliation 5 Witte and Komura in 1905: indemnities and exactions 6 Lloyd George and Foch in 1919: the destruction of militarism 7 The British debates in 1919 and 1933: victory in battle, defeat in the mind 8 Hitler and Churchill in 1942: objectives in war 9 Bishops, lawyers and war crimes trials 1210 Turner Joy and Nam Il in 1952: prisoners of war or hostages? 11 Cabot Lodge and Tran Buu Kiem in Paris in 1969: compromise and surrender 12 and peacemaking