The late Niyazi Berkes was Director of Islamic Studies at McGill University.

"If I am asked to recommend one book on modern Turkey, this is the one I recommend. Berkes is superior to all others because he alone examines the complex relationship between economic and technical change, and political and religious developments in the transformation of Turkey from a traditional to a secular state... Even now, Berkes offers much that is new and critical to our understanding of modern Turkey... It would be an excellent book to teach from." -- Professor Feroz Ahmad, Boston University

• 1: Introduction; Introduction; 2: The Glimmerings 1718–1826; 1: Silhouette of a Renaissance; 2: Reaction against Innovation; 3: The New Order and Its Fall; 3: The Break-Through 1826–78; 4: Foundations of a Secular State; 5: Tanzimat; 6: The Secularism of the Tanzimat; 7: The Constitutional Movement; 8: Constitution of 1876; 4: The Reaction 1878–1908; 9: Constitutional Absolutism; 10: The Reactions against the Reaction; 5: Search for a Fulcrum 1908–19; 11: The Me?rutiyet; 12: Three Proposed Roads to Reconstruction; 13: Reforming the Institutions; 14: The Secularism of the Me?rutiyet; 6: The Struggle for Establishment of a Secular Nation-State 1919–39; 15: The Birth of a Nation under Fire; 16: The Kemalist Reforms; 17: The Secularism of the Kemalist Regime; 7: Conclusion; 7: Conclusion

The late Niyazi Berkes was Director of Islamic Studies at McGill University.

"If I am asked to recommend one book on modern Turkey, this is the one I recommend. Berkes is superior to all others because he alone examines the complex relationship between economic and technical change, and political and religious developments in the transformation of Turkey from a traditional to a secular state... Even now, Berkes offers much that is new and critical to our understanding of modern Turkey... It would be an excellent book to teach from." -- Professor Feroz Ahmad, Boston University

• 1: Introduction; Introduction; 2: The Glimmerings 1718–1826; 1: Silhouette of a Renaissance; 2: Reaction against Innovation; 3: The New Order and Its Fall; 3: The Break-Through 1826–78; 4: Foundations of a Secular State; 5: Tanzimat; 6: The Secularism of the Tanzimat; 7: The Constitutional Movement; 8: Constitution of 1876; 4: The Reaction 1878–1908; 9: Constitutional Absolutism; 10: The Reactions against the Reaction; 5: Search for a Fulcrum 1908–19; 11: The Me?rutiyet; 12: Three Proposed Roads to Reconstruction; 13: Reforming the Institutions; 14: The Secularism of the Me?rutiyet; 6: The Struggle for Establishment of a Secular Nation-State 1919–39; 15: The Birth of a Nation under Fire; 16: The Kemalist Reforms; 17: The Secularism of the Kemalist Regime; 7: Conclusion; 7: Conclusion