R. Paul Robertson, M.D. is an Emeritus Professor of Medicine at the University of Washington and at the University of Minnesota.Dr. Robertson has published 395 peer-reviewed manuscripts with primary emphasis on pancreatic islet function in humans, animals, and clonal cell lines. His early studies were the first to demonstrate defects involving the adverse effects of glucose toxicity on the critical insulin promoters Pdx-1 and MafA associated with glucose toxicity. More recent research demonstrated adverse metabolic consequences of using the liver as a transplant site for pancreatic islet transplantation in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and in autoislet recipients following pancreatectomy for chronic, painful pancreatitis.

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• SECTION I Regulation of Gene Expression, Hormone Synthesis, and Hormone Secretion1. Pancreatic Development in the Context of Diabetes2. Glucagon: From Gene Regulation to Secretion3. Insulin Production, Processing, and Secretion4. Incretins: From Gene Expression to Secretion and Action of GLP-1 and GIPSECTION II Hormone Action5. Glucagon Synthesis, Secretion, and Mechanisms of Action6. Insulin Structure and Function7. Common Mechanisms of Insulin Signaling, Action, and Resistance8. Insulin Receptor Structure and Function9. Insulin Action in Liver, Skeletal, Muscle, and Adipose Tissue: A Focus on Humans10. Insulin Action in the Brain11. Insulin Action in the Cardiovascular System12. Metabolic Regulation by Adipokines, Hepatokines, and MyokinesSECTION III Genetics of Diabetes13. Genetics of Monogenic Forms of Diabetes14. Genetics of Type 1 Diabetes15. Genetics of Type 2 DiabetesSECTION IV Type 1 Diabetes16. Spotlight on the Pathology of Type 1 DiabetesSECTION V Type 2 Diabetes17. Heterogeneity of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus18. Cystic Fibrosis-Related DiabetesSECTION VI Complications of Diabetes19. Intranuclear Beta Cell Nrf2 Expression in Type 2 Diabetes and the Potential Use of Glutathione Peroxidase Mimetics for Early Treatment20. Diabetic Retinal Disease21. Understanding Diabetic Neuropathy: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic TargetsSECTION VII Pharmacology and Drugs22. SGLT2 Inhibitors and Slowing Kidney Disease Progression From Diabetes23. Advanced Technology in Diabetes: Sensors and Pumps24. Pancreas and Islet Cell Transplantation for Diabetes25. Stem Cell-Derived Islet Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes

R. Paul Robertson, M.D. is an Emeritus Professor of Medicine at the University of Washington and at the University of Minnesota.Dr. Robertson has published 395 peer-reviewed manuscripts with primary emphasis on pancreatic islet function in humans, animals, and clonal cell lines. His early studies were the first to demonstrate defects involving the adverse effects of glucose toxicity on the critical insulin promoters Pdx-1 and MafA associated with glucose toxicity. More recent research demonstrated adverse metabolic consequences of using the liver as a transplant site for pancreatic islet transplantation in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and in autoislet recipients following pancreatectomy for chronic, painful pancreatitis.

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• SECTION I Regulation of Gene Expression, Hormone Synthesis, and Hormone Secretion1. Pancreatic Development in the Context of Diabetes2. Glucagon: From Gene Regulation to Secretion3. Insulin Production, Processing, and Secretion4. Incretins: From Gene Expression to Secretion and Action of GLP-1 and GIPSECTION II Hormone Action5. Glucagon Synthesis, Secretion, and Mechanisms of Action6. Insulin Structure and Function7. Common Mechanisms of Insulin Signaling, Action, and Resistance8. Insulin Receptor Structure and Function9. Insulin Action in Liver, Skeletal, Muscle, and Adipose Tissue: A Focus on Humans10. Insulin Action in the Brain11. Insulin Action in the Cardiovascular System12. Metabolic Regulation by Adipokines, Hepatokines, and MyokinesSECTION III Genetics of Diabetes13. Genetics of Monogenic Forms of Diabetes14. Genetics of Type 1 Diabetes15. Genetics of Type 2 DiabetesSECTION IV Type 1 Diabetes16. Spotlight on the Pathology of Type 1 DiabetesSECTION V Type 2 Diabetes17. Heterogeneity of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus18. Cystic Fibrosis-Related DiabetesSECTION VI Complications of Diabetes19. Intranuclear Beta Cell Nrf2 Expression in Type 2 Diabetes and the Potential Use of Glutathione Peroxidase Mimetics for Early Treatment20. Diabetic Retinal Disease21. Understanding Diabetic Neuropathy: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic TargetsSECTION VII Pharmacology and Drugs22. SGLT2 Inhibitors and Slowing Kidney Disease Progression From Diabetes23. Advanced Technology in Diabetes: Sensors and Pumps24. Pancreas and Islet Cell Transplantation for Diabetes25. Stem Cell-Derived Islet Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes

R. Paul Robertson, M.D. is an Emeritus Professor of Medicine at the University of Washington and at the University of Minnesota.Dr. Robertson has published 395 peer-reviewed manuscripts with primary emphasis on pancreatic islet function in humans, animals, and clonal cell lines. His early studies were the first to demonstrate defects involving the adverse effects of glucose toxicity on the critical insulin promoters Pdx-1 and MafA associated with glucose toxicity. More recent research demonstrated adverse metabolic consequences of using the liver as a transplant site for pancreatic islet transplantation in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and in autoislet recipients following pancreatectomy for chronic, painful pancreatitis.

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• SECTION I Regulation of Gene Expression, Hormone Synthesis, and Hormone Secretion1. Pancreatic Development in the Context of Diabetes2. Glucagon: From Gene Regulation to Secretion3. Insulin Production, Processing, and Secretion4. Incretins: From Gene Expression to Secretion and Action of GLP-1 and GIPSECTION II Hormone Action5. Glucagon Synthesis, Secretion, and Mechanisms of Action6. Insulin Structure and Function7. Common Mechanisms of Insulin Signaling, Action, and Resistance8. Insulin Receptor Structure and Function9. Insulin Action in Liver, Skeletal, Muscle, and Adipose Tissue: A Focus on Humans10. Insulin Action in the Brain11. Insulin Action in the Cardiovascular System12. Metabolic Regulation by Adipokines, Hepatokines, and MyokinesSECTION III Genetics of Diabetes13. Genetics of Monogenic Forms of Diabetes14. Genetics of Type 1 Diabetes15. Genetics of Type 2 DiabetesSECTION IV Type 1 Diabetes16. Spotlight on the Pathology of Type 1 DiabetesSECTION V Type 2 Diabetes17. Heterogeneity of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus18. Cystic Fibrosis-Related DiabetesSECTION VI Complications of Diabetes19. Intranuclear Beta Cell Nrf2 Expression in Type 2 Diabetes and the Potential Use of Glutathione Peroxidase Mimetics for Early Treatment20. Diabetic Retinal Disease21. Understanding Diabetic Neuropathy: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic TargetsSECTION VII Pharmacology and Drugs22. SGLT2 Inhibitors and Slowing Kidney Disease Progression From Diabetes23. Advanced Technology in Diabetes: Sensors and Pumps24. Pancreas and Islet Cell Transplantation for Diabetes25. Stem Cell-Derived Islet Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes