Essentials of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

Professor, Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation, and Sports Medicine; Professor, Physiology; University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine. Dr. Frontera was the recipient of the 2017 Rusk Award for Leadership and Innovation in PM&R.

• Part 1: Musculoskeletal DisordersSection I: Head, Neck, and Upper Back1 Isolated Cervical Dystonia2 Cervical Facet Arthropathy3 Cervical Radiculopathy4 Cervical Sprain and Strain5 Cervical Spinal Stenosis6 Cervicogenic VertigoSection II: Shoulder7 Acromioclavicular Injuries8 Adhesive Capsulitis9 Axillary Neuropathy10 Biceps Tendinopathy11 Biceps Tendon Rupture12 Glenohumeral Instability13 Labral Tears of the Shoulder14 Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy15 Rotator Cuff Tear16 Scapular Dyskinesis17 Scapular Winging18 Shoulder Arthritis19 Suprascapular NeuropathySection III: Elbow and Forearm20 Elbow Arthritis21 Lateral Epicondylitis22 Medial Epicondylitis23 Median Neuropathy24 Olecranon Bursopathy25 Radial Neuropathy26 Ulnar Collateral Ligament Sprain (Elbow)27 Ulnar Neuropathy (Elbow)Section IV: Hand and Wrist28 de Quervain Tenosynovitis29 Dupuytren Contracture30 Extensor Tendon Injuries31 Flexor Tendon Injuries32 Hand and Wrist Ganglia33 Hand Osteoarthritis34 Kienböck Disease35 Median Neuropathy (Carpal Tunnel Syndrome)36 Trigger Finger37 Ulnar Collateral Ligament Sprain of Thumb38 Ulnar Neuropathy (Wrist)39 Wrist OsteoarthritisSection V: Mid Back40 Thoracic Compression Fracture41 Thoracic Radiculopathy42 Thoracic Sprain or StrainSection VI: Low Back43 Low Back Strain or Sprain44 Lumbar Facet Arthropathy45 Lumbar Radiculopathy46 Lumbar Spinal Stenosis47 Lumbar Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis48 Sacroiliac Joint DysfunctionSection VII: Pelvis, Hip, and Thigh49 Hip Adductor Strain50 Groin Pain Syndrome51 Hip Labral Tears52 Femoral and Saphenous Neuropathy53 Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome54 Hamstring Strain55 Proximal Hamstring Tendinopathy56 Adhesive Capsulitis of the Hip57 Hip Osteoarthritis58 Hip and Pelvis Bone Stress Injuries59 Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Neuropathy60 Piriformis Syndrome61 Quadriceps ContusionSection VIII: Knee and Leg62 Anterior Cruciate Ligament Sprain63 Calf Strains64 Baker Cyst65 Knee Chondral Injuries66 Collateral Ligament Sprain67 Exertional Leg Pain68 Fibular (Peroneal) Neuropathy69 Iliotibial Band Syndrome70 Knee Osteoarthritis71 Knee Bursopathy72 Leg Bone Stress Injuries73 Shin Splints74 Meniscal Injuries75 Patellar Tendinopathy76 Patellofemoral Pain77 Posterior Cruciate Ligament Sprain78 Quadriceps TendinopathySection IX: Foot and Ankle79 Achilles Tendinopathy80 Ankle Arthritis81 Ankle Sprain82 Chronic Ankle Instability83 Foot and Ankle Bursitis84 Bone Stress Injuries of the Foot and Ankle85 Hallux Rigidus86 Metatarsalgia87 Morton’s Neuroma88 Plantar Fasciitis89 Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction90 Tibial Neuropathy (Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome)Part 2: Pain91 Abdominal Wall Pain92 Arachnoiditis93 Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy94 Chronic Pain Syndrome95 Coccydynia96 Complex Regional Pain Syndrome97 Costosternal Syndrome98 Fibromyalgia99 Headache Management100 Intercostal Neuralgia101 Myofascial Pain Syndrome102 Occipital Neuralgia103 Chronic Pelvic Pain104 Phantom Limb Pain105 Postherpetic Neuralgia106 Postmastectomy Pain Syndrome107 Central Poststroke Pain (Thalamic Pain Syndrome)108 Post-Thoracotomy Pain Syndrome109 Radiation Fibrosis Syndrome110 Temporomandibular Pain111 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome112 Tietze Syndrome113 Trigeminal NeuralgiaPart 3: Rehabilitation114 Upper Limb Amputations115 Lower Limb Amputations116 Ankylosing Spondylitis117 Burns118 Cardiac Rehabilitation119 Cancer-Related Fatigue120 Cerebral Palsy121 Joint Contractures122 Deep Venous Thrombosis123 Diabetic Foot and Peripheral Arterial Disease124 Dysautonomia (POTS)125 Dysphagia126 Heterotopic Ossification127 Hypermobility Syndromes128 Lymphedema129 Motor Neuron Disease130 Movement Disorders131 Multiple Sclerosis132 Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome133 Myopathies134 Neural Tube Defects135 Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction136 Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction137 Osteoarthritis138 Osteoporosis139 Parkinson Disease140 Peripheral Neuropathies141 Brachial Plexopathy142 Plexopathy: Lumbosacral143 Polytrauma Rehabilitation144 Persistent Postconcussion Symptoms145 Post-COVID-19 Rehabilitation146 Post-intensive Care Syndrome147 Postpoliomyelitis Syndrome148 Pressure Injury149 Rehabilitation of the Patient With Respiratory Dysfunction150 Rheumatoid Arthritis151 Scoliosis and Kyphosis152 Spasticity153 Neurological Speech and Language Disorders154 Spinal Cord Injury (Cervical)155 Spinal Cord Injury (Thoracic)156 Spinal Cord Injury (Lumbosacral)157 Stroke158 Stroke in Young Adults159 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus160 Transverse Myelitis161 Traumatic Brain Injury