Dr. Moulay Mustapha Ennaji, Professor in Virology and Oncology at the University of Casablanca and Director of the Quality and Medical Biotechnologies Team at Laboratory of Virology Microbiology, Hassan II University Mohammedia of Casablanca, Morocco He is currently a Professor in Virology and Oncology at the University of Casablanca, and since 2010, he has been the Director of the Quality and Medical Biotechnologies Team at the Laboratory of Virology Microbiology, Quality, Biotechnologies. He received a MSc in 1986 and a PhD in virology in 1993 from Armand Frappier Institute, University of Quebec (Canada). He has published dozens of journals articles and is an editorial board member of the journal, Infectious Agents and Cancer. Throughout his career, Dr. Ennaji has been rewarded several awards. At present, he is the vice president of the three Moroccan societies of Biosafety, Cancer, and Microbiology.

• Part 1 Cancers: genetic insights, molecular mechanisms, and emerging therapiesChapter 1: Breast cancer and new methods for treatmentChapter 2: The role of genetic markers P53, BRCA1, and BRCA2 in breast cancer risk assessment in womenChapter 3: MicroRNAs as key regulators of hormone dependent pathways in breast cancerPart 2 Lung and prostate cancer: genetic abnormalities and biomarkersChapter 4: Genetic abnormalities of the EGFR pathway in the Middle East and North African patients with non-small cell lung cancerChapter 5: MicroRNAs: advances in biomarkers, diagnostics, and therapeutic strategies in prostate cancerPart 3 HPV and cervical cancer: screening, prevention, and molecular mechanismsChapter 6: Human papillomavirus infections in cervical cells for cervical cancer screeningChapter 7: MicroRNA and human herpesvirus 8 oncovirus in prostate cancerPart 4 Vitamin D and immune modulation in cancerChapter 8: Prostate cancer antigen 3 as a diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarker in prostate cancerChapter 9: Interaction of the vitamin D in cancer development and progressionPart 5 Emerging therapies and biomarkers in cancerChapter 10: Study of the role of microRNAs in epstein barr virus induced prostate carcinogenesisChapter 11: Addressing the burden of human papillomavirus-related cancers in North Africa: epidemiology, sociocultural barriers and prevention strategiesPart 6 Management of the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons learned, surveillance, and respiratory biomarkers in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesisChapter 12: Management of the COVID-19 pandemic in Skhirate-Temara, Morocco: lessons in preparedness, surveillance, and rapid responseChapter 13: Respiratory biomarkers in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2Part 7 Viral miRNAs and oncoviruses: diagnostic, prognostic biomarkers, and therapeutic implications in cancerChapter 14: Oncoviruses and cancer biomarkers: current and future perspectivesChapter 15: MicroRNAs in cancer development: biomarkers, functions and therapyChapter 16: Viral miRNA’s: unlocking new frontiers in virus-induced cancersPart 8 Genetic and molecular basis of cancerChapter 17: Molecular alterations involved in lung cancerChapter 18: Oncogenic BRAF in prostate cancer: exosomes and miRNA status and implications for targeted therapyChapter 19: Targeted therapy in prostate and bladder cancer—role of BRAF and RAS mutationsChapter 20: In-depth analysis of tumor markers in leukemiaPart 9 Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications in cancerChapter 21: Nasopharyngeal cancer associated with epstein barr virusChapter 22: Molecular mechanisms of cervical cancerPart 10 Economic and market analysis in cancer researchChapter 23: Critical analysis of the cost savings generated by biomarkers and oncoviruses in healthcareChapter 24: Market analysis of exosome technologies for the diagnosis of genitourinary cancersPart 11 Phage therapy and immune modulationChapter 25: Phagotherapy: The discreet power of our immune cellsPart 12 Emerging therapies and biomarkers in cancerChapter 26: Mechanism of resistance to platinum salt-based chemotherapyChapter 27: Marine algae as a source of bioactive compounds: unlocking anticancer potentialChapter 28: Cervical cancer: new treatment approaches using microRNAChapter 29: Therapeutic potential of the intratumoral microbiota in tumorsChapter 30: Molecular biomarkers in bladder cancer: identification and clinical relevanceChapter 31: Emerging biomarker applications for precision targeting in bladder cancer therapyChapter 32: Fusion gene and cancerChapter 33: Immunotherapy biomarkers in melanoma: fromprogrammed death-ligand 1 expression to tumor mutational burdenChapter 34: The role of vitamin D supplementation in cancer treatmentChapter 35: The role of vitamin D in modulating immune responses against oncoviruses human papillomavirus, Epstein–Barr virus, and human herpesvirus-8Part 13 Epigenetics and DNA methylation in cancerChapter 36: Post-transcriptional epigenetic marks: DNA and microRNA methylationChapter 37: Epigenetic mechanism induced by human herpesvirus 8 in prostate cancerChapter 38: Role of methylation DNA in cell regulationChapter 39: DNA methylation biomarkers in colorectal cancerPart 14 Oncoviruses and viral-associated cancersChapter 40: Deciphering the molecular tapestry: extracellular vesicles as pioneering biomarker reservoirs for precision therapy in urogenital cancersChapter 41: Retroviruses as biomarkers in prostate carcinomaChapter 42: The role of breast cancer gene 1 and breast cancer gene 2 in determining breast cancer therapyChapter 43: The biomarkers landscape in lung cancer: implication for diagnosis, prediction, and prognosisChapter 44: Human papillomavirus as the main cause of cervical cancer: diagnosis, treatment, and preventionChapter 45: Oncogenic role of proline-rich protein 11 in breast and gynecologic cancers: mechanisms, signaling pathways, and therapeutic implicationsChapter 46: MicroRNAs as biomarkers in gynecological-mammary cancersChapter 47: Proline-rich protein 11 as a diagnosis and prognosis biomarker in breast and cervical cancersChapter 48: Recent advances in therapy and biomarkers: triple negative breast cancerChapter 49: Recent advances in exosome-based therapies for prostate cancer: targeting oncoviral and epigenetic pathwaysChapter 50: Exosomes as carriers of viral and host biomarkers in virus-associated gynecological cancers

Dr. Moulay Mustapha Ennaji, Professor in Virology and Oncology at the University of Casablanca and Director of the Quality and Medical Biotechnologies Team at Laboratory of Virology Microbiology, Hassan II University Mohammedia of Casablanca, Morocco He is currently a Professor in Virology and Oncology at the University of Casablanca, and since 2010, he has been the Director of the Quality and Medical Biotechnologies Team at the Laboratory of Virology Microbiology, Quality, Biotechnologies. He received a MSc in 1986 and a PhD in virology in 1993 from Armand Frappier Institute, University of Quebec (Canada). He has published dozens of journals articles and is an editorial board member of the journal, Infectious Agents and Cancer. Throughout his career, Dr. Ennaji has been rewarded several awards. At present, he is the vice president of the three Moroccan societies of Biosafety, Cancer, and Microbiology.

• Part 1 Cancers: genetic insights, molecular mechanisms, and emerging therapiesChapter 1: Breast cancer and new methods for treatmentChapter 2: The role of genetic markers P53, BRCA1, and BRCA2 in breast cancer risk assessment in womenChapter 3: MicroRNAs as key regulators of hormone dependent pathways in breast cancerPart 2 Lung and prostate cancer: genetic abnormalities and biomarkersChapter 4: Genetic abnormalities of the EGFR pathway in the Middle East and North African patients with non-small cell lung cancerChapter 5: MicroRNAs: advances in biomarkers, diagnostics, and therapeutic strategies in prostate cancerPart 3 HPV and cervical cancer: screening, prevention, and molecular mechanismsChapter 6: Human papillomavirus infections in cervical cells for cervical cancer screeningChapter 7: MicroRNA and human herpesvirus 8 oncovirus in prostate cancerPart 4 Vitamin D and immune modulation in cancerChapter 8: Prostate cancer antigen 3 as a diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarker in prostate cancerChapter 9: Interaction of the vitamin D in cancer development and progressionPart 5 Emerging therapies and biomarkers in cancerChapter 10: Study of the role of microRNAs in epstein barr virus induced prostate carcinogenesisChapter 11: Addressing the burden of human papillomavirus-related cancers in North Africa: epidemiology, sociocultural barriers and prevention strategiesPart 6 Management of the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons learned, surveillance, and respiratory biomarkers in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesisChapter 12: Management of the COVID-19 pandemic in Skhirate-Temara, Morocco: lessons in preparedness, surveillance, and rapid responseChapter 13: Respiratory biomarkers in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2Part 7 Viral miRNAs and oncoviruses: diagnostic, prognostic biomarkers, and therapeutic implications in cancerChapter 14: Oncoviruses and cancer biomarkers: current and future perspectivesChapter 15: MicroRNAs in cancer development: biomarkers, functions and therapyChapter 16: Viral miRNA’s: unlocking new frontiers in virus-induced cancersPart 8 Genetic and molecular basis of cancerChapter 17: Molecular alterations involved in lung cancerChapter 18: Oncogenic BRAF in prostate cancer: exosomes and miRNA status and implications for targeted therapyChapter 19: Targeted therapy in prostate and bladder cancer—role of BRAF and RAS mutationsChapter 20: In-depth analysis of tumor markers in leukemiaPart 9 Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications in cancerChapter 21: Nasopharyngeal cancer associated with epstein barr virusChapter 22: Molecular mechanisms of cervical cancerPart 10 Economic and market analysis in cancer researchChapter 23: Critical analysis of the cost savings generated by biomarkers and oncoviruses in healthcareChapter 24: Market analysis of exosome technologies for the diagnosis of genitourinary cancersPart 11 Phage therapy and immune modulationChapter 25: Phagotherapy: The discreet power of our immune cellsPart 12 Emerging therapies and biomarkers in cancerChapter 26: Mechanism of resistance to platinum salt-based chemotherapyChapter 27: Marine algae as a source of bioactive compounds: unlocking anticancer potentialChapter 28: Cervical cancer: new treatment approaches using microRNAChapter 29: Therapeutic potential of the intratumoral microbiota in tumorsChapter 30: Molecular biomarkers in bladder cancer: identification and clinical relevanceChapter 31: Emerging biomarker applications for precision targeting in bladder cancer therapyChapter 32: Fusion gene and cancerChapter 33: Immunotherapy biomarkers in melanoma: fromprogrammed death-ligand 1 expression to tumor mutational burdenChapter 34: The role of vitamin D supplementation in cancer treatmentChapter 35: The role of vitamin D in modulating immune responses against oncoviruses human papillomavirus, Epstein–Barr virus, and human herpesvirus-8Part 13 Epigenetics and DNA methylation in cancerChapter 36: Post-transcriptional epigenetic marks: DNA and microRNA methylationChapter 37: Epigenetic mechanism induced by human herpesvirus 8 in prostate cancerChapter 38: Role of methylation DNA in cell regulationChapter 39: DNA methylation biomarkers in colorectal cancerPart 14 Oncoviruses and viral-associated cancersChapter 40: Deciphering the molecular tapestry: extracellular vesicles as pioneering biomarker reservoirs for precision therapy in urogenital cancersChapter 41: Retroviruses as biomarkers in prostate carcinomaChapter 42: The role of breast cancer gene 1 and breast cancer gene 2 in determining breast cancer therapyChapter 43: The biomarkers landscape in lung cancer: implication for diagnosis, prediction, and prognosisChapter 44: Human papillomavirus as the main cause of cervical cancer: diagnosis, treatment, and preventionChapter 45: Oncogenic role of proline-rich protein 11 in breast and gynecologic cancers: mechanisms, signaling pathways, and therapeutic implicationsChapter 46: MicroRNAs as biomarkers in gynecological-mammary cancersChapter 47: Proline-rich protein 11 as a diagnosis and prognosis biomarker in breast and cervical cancersChapter 48: Recent advances in therapy and biomarkers: triple negative breast cancerChapter 49: Recent advances in exosome-based therapies for prostate cancer: targeting oncoviral and epigenetic pathwaysChapter 50: Exosomes as carriers of viral and host biomarkers in virus-associated gynecological cancers

Dr. Moulay Mustapha Ennaji, Professor in Virology and Oncology at the University of Casablanca and Director of the Quality and Medical Biotechnologies Team at Laboratory of Virology Microbiology, Hassan II University Mohammedia of Casablanca, Morocco He is currently a Professor in Virology and Oncology at the University of Casablanca, and since 2010, he has been the Director of the Quality and Medical Biotechnologies Team at the Laboratory of Virology Microbiology, Quality, Biotechnologies. He received a MSc in 1986 and a PhD in virology in 1993 from Armand Frappier Institute, University of Quebec (Canada). He has published dozens of journals articles and is an editorial board member of the journal, Infectious Agents and Cancer. Throughout his career, Dr. Ennaji has been rewarded several awards. At present, he is the vice president of the three Moroccan societies of Biosafety, Cancer, and Microbiology.

• Part 1 Cancers: genetic insights, molecular mechanisms, and emerging therapiesChapter 1: Breast cancer and new methods for treatmentChapter 2: The role of genetic markers P53, BRCA1, and BRCA2 in breast cancer risk assessment in womenChapter 3: MicroRNAs as key regulators of hormone dependent pathways in breast cancerPart 2 Lung and prostate cancer: genetic abnormalities and biomarkersChapter 4: Genetic abnormalities of the EGFR pathway in the Middle East and North African patients with non-small cell lung cancerChapter 5: MicroRNAs: advances in biomarkers, diagnostics, and therapeutic strategies in prostate cancerPart 3 HPV and cervical cancer: screening, prevention, and molecular mechanismsChapter 6: Human papillomavirus infections in cervical cells for cervical cancer screeningChapter 7: MicroRNA and human herpesvirus 8 oncovirus in prostate cancerPart 4 Vitamin D and immune modulation in cancerChapter 8: Prostate cancer antigen 3 as a diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarker in prostate cancerChapter 9: Interaction of the vitamin D in cancer development and progressionPart 5 Emerging therapies and biomarkers in cancerChapter 10: Study of the role of microRNAs in epstein barr virus induced prostate carcinogenesisChapter 11: Addressing the burden of human papillomavirus-related cancers in North Africa: epidemiology, sociocultural barriers and prevention strategiesPart 6 Management of the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons learned, surveillance, and respiratory biomarkers in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesisChapter 12: Management of the COVID-19 pandemic in Skhirate-Temara, Morocco: lessons in preparedness, surveillance, and rapid responseChapter 13: Respiratory biomarkers in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2Part 7 Viral miRNAs and oncoviruses: diagnostic, prognostic biomarkers, and therapeutic implications in cancerChapter 14: Oncoviruses and cancer biomarkers: current and future perspectivesChapter 15: MicroRNAs in cancer development: biomarkers, functions and therapyChapter 16: Viral miRNA’s: unlocking new frontiers in virus-induced cancersPart 8 Genetic and molecular basis of cancerChapter 17: Molecular alterations involved in lung cancerChapter 18: Oncogenic BRAF in prostate cancer: exosomes and miRNA status and implications for targeted therapyChapter 19: Targeted therapy in prostate and bladder cancer—role of BRAF and RAS mutationsChapter 20: In-depth analysis of tumor markers in leukemiaPart 9 Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications in cancerChapter 21: Nasopharyngeal cancer associated with epstein barr virusChapter 22: Molecular mechanisms of cervical cancerPart 10 Economic and market analysis in cancer researchChapter 23: Critical analysis of the cost savings generated by biomarkers and oncoviruses in healthcareChapter 24: Market analysis of exosome technologies for the diagnosis of genitourinary cancersPart 11 Phage therapy and immune modulationChapter 25: Phagotherapy: The discreet power of our immune cellsPart 12 Emerging therapies and biomarkers in cancerChapter 26: Mechanism of resistance to platinum salt-based chemotherapyChapter 27: Marine algae as a source of bioactive compounds: unlocking anticancer potentialChapter 28: Cervical cancer: new treatment approaches using microRNAChapter 29: Therapeutic potential of the intratumoral microbiota in tumorsChapter 30: Molecular biomarkers in bladder cancer: identification and clinical relevanceChapter 31: Emerging biomarker applications for precision targeting in bladder cancer therapyChapter 32: Fusion gene and cancerChapter 33: Immunotherapy biomarkers in melanoma: fromprogrammed death-ligand 1 expression to tumor mutational burdenChapter 34: The role of vitamin D supplementation in cancer treatmentChapter 35: The role of vitamin D in modulating immune responses against oncoviruses human papillomavirus, Epstein–Barr virus, and human herpesvirus-8Part 13 Epigenetics and DNA methylation in cancerChapter 36: Post-transcriptional epigenetic marks: DNA and microRNA methylationChapter 37: Epigenetic mechanism induced by human herpesvirus 8 in prostate cancerChapter 38: Role of methylation DNA in cell regulationChapter 39: DNA methylation biomarkers in colorectal cancerPart 14 Oncoviruses and viral-associated cancersChapter 40: Deciphering the molecular tapestry: extracellular vesicles as pioneering biomarker reservoirs for precision therapy in urogenital cancersChapter 41: Retroviruses as biomarkers in prostate carcinomaChapter 42: The role of breast cancer gene 1 and breast cancer gene 2 in determining breast cancer therapyChapter 43: The biomarkers landscape in lung cancer: implication for diagnosis, prediction, and prognosisChapter 44: Human papillomavirus as the main cause of cervical cancer: diagnosis, treatment, and preventionChapter 45: Oncogenic role of proline-rich protein 11 in breast and gynecologic cancers: mechanisms, signaling pathways, and therapeutic implicationsChapter 46: MicroRNAs as biomarkers in gynecological-mammary cancersChapter 47: Proline-rich protein 11 as a diagnosis and prognosis biomarker in breast and cervical cancersChapter 48: Recent advances in therapy and biomarkers: triple negative breast cancerChapter 49: Recent advances in exosome-based therapies for prostate cancer: targeting oncoviral and epigenetic pathwaysChapter 50: Exosomes as carriers of viral and host biomarkers in virus-associated gynecological cancers