Operations and Production Systems with Multiple Objectives

BEHNAM MALAKOOTI, PHD, PE, is Professor of Systems Engineering in the Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department of Case Western Reserve University. His current research is in the areas of complex decision making, optimization, and production/manufacturing. He designed intelligent protocols for NASA's space-based networks. He has published over 100 technical journal articles and has consulted with numerous industries and corporations, including General Electric, Parker Hannifin, and BFGoodrich. He is a Fellow of the IEEE, IIE, and SME, and in 1997, he was named Engineer of the Year and also Technical Educator of the Year.

“Operations and Production Systems with Multiple Objectivesis very easy to read, and each chapter starts with an introduction and ends with a summary and a well-selected list of references.”  (IEEE Systems, Man, & Cybernetics Magazine, 1 April 2015)

• Preface xxviiAcknowledgment xxxiii1 Introduction 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Production and Operations History and Perspective 51.3 Production and Operations Models 81.4 Systems Approach and Tools 161.5 Multicriteria Production/Operation Systems 211.6 Product and Process Life Cycle 261.7 Learning Curves 291.8 Capacity Planning 331.9 Machining/Operation Optimization 36References 40Exercises 422 Multicriteria Decision Making 492.1 Introduction 492.2 Efficiency and Its Extensions 542.3 Utility Functions 622.4 Additive Utility Function: Ordinal/Cardinal Approach 752.5 Multiplicative ZUT 932.6 Goal-Seeking ZUT 1002.7 Multiple Objective Optimization 1112.8 Goal-Seeking Multiple Objective Optimization 1192.9 Paired Comparison and Interactive Methods 125References 131Exercises 1343 Forecasting 1453.1 Introduction 1453.2 Forecasting Approaches 1483.3 Time Series: Moving Averages 1583.4 Time Series: Exponential Smoothing 1613.5 Time Series: Trend-Based Methods 1663.6 Time Series: Cyclic/Seasonal 1703.7 Linear Regression 1743.8 Multiple-Variable Linear Regression 1833.9 Quadratic Regression 1883.10 Z Theory Nonlinear Regression and Times Series 196References 201Exercises 2034 Aggregate Planning 2134.1 Introduction 2134.2 Graphical Approach 2154.3 Tabular Method 2204.4 Linear Programming Method 2274.5 Integrated LP Aggregate Planning 2374.6 Multiobjective LP Aggregate Planning 2444.7 Dissaggregation and Master Schedule 252References 255Exercises 2565 Push-and-Pull (MRP/JIT) Systems 2655.1 Introduction 2655.2 Materials Requirement Planning: Push System 2675.3 Lot-Sizing Approaches 2725.4 Lot Sizing with Capacity Constraints 2805.5 Lot-Sizing Optimization 2835.6 Extensions of MRP 2945.7 Just-In-Time: Pull System 2975.8 Multicriteria Hybrid Push-and-Pull Systems 301Systems 303References 304Exercises 3066 Inventory Planning and Control 3136.1 Introduction 3136.2 Economic Order Quantity 3176.3 Economic Production Quantity 3246.4 EOQ: Allowing Shortages 3276.5 Multicriteria Inventory 3326.6 Quantity Discount Inventory 3426.7 Multi-Item Inventory 349Optimization 3516.8 Multi-Item Inventory Classification 3556.9 Probabilistic Inventory and Safety Stock 3616.10 Single-Period Model: Perishable 364References 370Exercises 3727 Scheduling and Sequencing 3817.1 Introduction 3817.2 Sequencing n Jobs by One Processor 3837.3 Sequencing n Jobs by Two Processors 3957.4 Sequencing n Jobs by m Processors 4027.5 Job Shop of Two Jobs by m Processors 4087.6 Sequencing of n × m: Head–Tail Approach 4117.7 Stochastic Sequencing 421References 427Exercises 4298 Project Management 4398.1 Introduction 4398.2 Critical-Path Method 4418.3 CPM Time–Cost Trade-Off Method 4528.4 Linear Programming for Project Management 4618.5 PERT: Probabilistic CPM 4708.6 Project Management with Resource Constraints 479References 487Exercises 4899 Supply Chain and Transportation 4999.1 Supply Chain Management 4999.2 Assignment Problem 5049.3 Optimization for Assignment 5149.4 Transportation Problem 5209.5 Optimization for Transportation 528References 535Exercises 53710 Productivity and Efficiency 54710.1 Introduction 54710.2 Basic Productivity Indexes 54810.3 Multifactor Productivity Growth 55110.4 Single-Factor Efficiency 55310.5 Multifactor Efficiency and DEA 55510.6 Multicriteria Efficiency and DEA 56010.7 Productivity of a Network of Processors 564References 570Exercises 57111 Energy System Design and Operation 57911.1 Introduction 57911.2 Energy Perspective 58311.3 Multicriteria Energy Decisions 58711.4 Routing and Procurement in Energy Systems 59111.5 Optimization of Energy Systems 60211.6 Efficiency of Energy Systems 61911.7 Case Study: Wind Energy System 622References 630Exercises 63212 Clustering and Group Technology 64312.1 Introduction 64312.2 Clustering Data and Measurements 64712.3 Group Technology Clustering 65112.4 Rank Order Clustering 65512.5 Similarity Coefficient–Hierarchical Clustering 66412.6 P-Median Optimization Clustering 67912.7 K-Means Clustering 68912.8 Multiperspective Multicriteria Clustering 697References 704Exercises 70613 Cellular Layouts and Networks 71713.1 Introduction 71713.2 Unidirectional Network Problem 72113.3 Unidirectional Head–Tail Methods 72413.4 Bidirectional Head–Tail Methods 73513.5 Unidirectional Optimization 74313.6 Bidirectional Optimization 74913.7 Combinatorial Optimization by Head–Tail 754References 768Exercises 77014 Assembly Systems 77714.1 Introduction 77714.2 Assembly Line Problem 77814.3 Assembly Line Balancing Methods 77914.4 Qualitative ALB: Head–Tail Approach 78314.5 Multicriteria ALB 78614.6 Mixed-Product ALB 79114.7 Stochastic ALB 793References 795Exercises 79715 Facility Layout 80315.1 Introduction 80315.2 Systematic Layout Planning 81015.3 Rule-Based Layout 81415.4 Pairwise Exchange Method 83015.5 Multicriteria Layout Planning 83615.6 Facility Relayout 83915.7 Quadratic Assignment Optimization 84515.8 Layout Software Packages 848References 849Exercises 85116 Location Decisions 86116.1 Introduction 86116.2 Break-Even Analysis 86316.3 Rectilinear Method 86516.4 Euclidean Method 87216.5 Multicriteria Location Selection 87616.6 Location Allocation–Supplier Selection 881References 891Exercises 89317 Quality Control and Assurance 90317.1 Introduction 90317.2 Multiple-Criteria Quality Function Deployment 90617.3 Process Control Background 91217.4 Process Control Variable Charts 92017.5 Process Control Capability 93217.6 Process Control Attribute Charts 93517.7 Acceptance Sampling Characteristics 94417.8 Acceptance Sampling Outgoing Quality 954References 961Exercises 96318 Work Measurement 97318.1 Introduction 97318.2 Work Analysis 97518.3 Standard Time 97718.4 Sample Size for Standard Time 98118.5 Multicriteria Sampling for Standard Time 98818.6 Work Sampling 99118.7 Predetermined time standards 999References 1001Exercises 100219 Reliability and Maintenance 100919.1 Introduction 100919.2 Reliability of Single Units 101019.3 Mean Time between Failure 101619.4 Reliability of Multiple Units 102119.5 Multicriteria Reliability of Multiple Units 102419.6 Maintenance Policies 102919.7 Replacement Policies 1033References 1042Exercises 1044Appendix A The Standard Normal Distribution 1053Appendix B Cumulative Binomial Probabilities 1055Appendix C Cumulative Poisson Probabilities 1057Index 1063