Land and Natural Development (LAND) Code

DIANA BALMORI, PhD, is the founder of New York City–based Balmori Associates, a firm that is internationally recognized for its success in realizing complex urban projects that integrate innovative sustainability systems and patterns of use within an overarching sense of place. Her firm has created master plans ranging from a blueprint for Bilbao, Spain, to the design for the Farmington Canal Rail Trail to a waterfront park on the Mississippi River. Balmori Associates is implementing a 46,000-square-foot network of green roofs in Long Island City, New York. She has been appointed to the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts through 2007. Balmori teaches at the Yale School of Architecture as well as at the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies. GABOURY BENOIT, PhD, is associate dean for research and professor of Environmental Chemistry and Environmental Engineering at the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies. At Yale, he is also director of the Center for Coastal and Watershed Systems and codirector of the Hixon Center for Urban Ecology. Dr. Benoit's research focuses on the behavior, transport, and fate of chemicals in natural waters, soils, sediments, and biota. Special areas of interest are non-point source pollutants, toxic contaminants, and human–environment interactions in urban areas.

• Acknowledgments viiChapter 1. Introduction 1What This Book is About 1Why This Book 1How to Use This Book 3How Land Code Points Were Determined 3How We Use the Term Sustainability 5How This Book Came About 6Chapter 2. Water 7Site Drainage 7Impervious Surfaces 16Stormwater Quality 29Water Conservation and Reuse 42Chapter 3. Soils 45Erosion Prevention and Control 45Soil Health and Integrity 52Chapter 4. Air Quality and Microclimate 55Chapter 5. Living Resources 65Living Resources Conservation Plan 65Preserving and Restoring Habitat 67Buffering Critical Habitat 73Landscape Connectivity 79Road Placement and Design 82Native Species and Landscape Heterogeneity 84Selected Resources for Identifying Native and Invasive Species 88Chapter 6. Energy 89Chapter 7. Industrial Ecology and Materials 99Chapter 8. Environmental Engineering 107Erosion Prevention and Control 107Stormwater Management: Runoff Quality and Quantity 119Renewable Energy 132Computer Models 134Chapter 9. Different Paths to Sustainability 147Case Studies 148Points Checklist 199Glossary 205References 211Index 227