Nanochromatography and Nanocapillary Electrophoresis

Imran Ali, PhD, is Associate Professor at the Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, India. Dr. Ali has published more than 150 scholarly works, including complete books, book and encyclopedia chapters, review articles, research papers, technical reports, and conference presentations.Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein, PhD, is a Professor at Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt. He has published more than 600 articles, including several books and encyclopedia chapters.Vinod K. Gupta is a Professor in the Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India. He has published more than 200 articles including book and encyclopedia chapters, review articles, research papers, technical reports, and conference presentations.

"This book will be useful for researchers, academicians and students in analytical chemistry, environmental monitoring and drugs analyses, and professionals of pharmaceutical, agrochemical and other chemical industries." (Chemistry Journals, 11 April 2011)

• PREFACE xiiiACKNOWLEDGMENTS xv1 Introduction 11.1. Nanoanalyses 11.2. Definition of Nanochromatography and Nanocapillary Electrophoresis 21.3. Nanochromatography and Nanocapillary Electrophoresis 31.4. Fabrication of Microdevices 41.5. Developments in Nanoanalyses 61.6. Data Integration 71.7. Protocol of Nanoanalyses 101.8. Scope of the Book 121.9. Conclusion 122 Fabrication of Microchips 172.1. Introduction 172.2. Substrates 182.3. Techniques of Fabrication 202.4. Surface Modification 392.5. Designs of Chips 452.6. Bindings in Chips 492.7. Conclusion 503 Instrumentation of Nanochromatography and Nanocapillary Electrophoresis 593.1. Introduction 593.2. Nanoliquid Chromatography (NLC) 603.3. Nanocapillary Electrophoresis 743.4. Conclusion 854 Detection in Nanochromatography and Nanocapillary Electrophoresis 914.1. Introduction 914.2. Mass Spectrometer Detectors 924.3. Fluorescence Detectors 974.4. Electrochemical Detectors 994.5. Element Specific Detectors 1014.6. Miscellaneous Detectors 1034.7. Conclusion 1055 Sample Preparation in Nanochromatography and Nanocapillary Electrophoresis 1095.1. Introduction 1095.2. Sample Preparation 1115.3. Sampling 1115.4. Preservation 1155.5. Filtration 1165.6. Digestion/Homogenization 1185.7. Extractions 1195.8. Clean Up 1195.9. Preconcentration 1215.10. Off-Line Nanosample Preparation Methods 1215.11. Online Nanosample Preparation Methods 1255.12. Conclusion 1386 Nano-High Performance Liquid Chromatography 1456.1. Introduction 1456.2. Nano-HPLC 1466.3. Applications 1466.4. Optimization of Separations in Nano-HPLC 1616.5. Troubleshooting in Nano-HPLC 1616.6. Conclusion 1617 Nanocapillary Electrochromatography and Nanomicellar Electrokinetic Chromatography 1677.1. Introduction 1677.2. Nanocapillary Electrochromatography 1677.3. Nanomicellar Electrokinetic Chromatography 1817.4. Conclusion 1888 Nanocapillary Electrophoresis 1918.1. Introduction 1918.2. Optimization 1928.3. Applications 2008.4. Mechanism of Separation 2348.5. Conclusion 2349 Chiral Separations by Nanoliquid Chromatography and Nanocapillary Electrophoresis 2459.1. Introduction 2459.2. Nanoliquid Chromatography 2469.3. Nanocapillary Electrophoresis 2499.4. Mechanisms of Chiral Separation 2609.5. Conclusion 26110 Perspectives on Nanoanalyses 26310.1. Introduction 26310.2. Future of Microfluidic Devices 26410.3. Future Challenges 26510.4. Conclusion 266References 267Subject Index 269