Modeling and Control of Fuel Cells

M. HASHEM NEHRIR, PhD, is a Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Montana State University-Bozeman. His primary areas of interest include modeling and control of power systems, alternative energy power generation systems, and applications of intelligent controls to power systems. In addition to this book, he is the author of two textbooks and the author or coauthor of numerous technical papers. He is a member of the IEEE PES Energy Development and Power Generation Committee and currently is Vice Chair of the IEEE PES Energy Development Subcommittee. CAISHENG WANG, PhD, is Assistant Professor at Wayne State University in Detroit, Michigan. He has worked in the areas of both large power systems and distributed generation systems, including alternative energy sources. As a part of his doctoral research, during 2002–2006, Dr. Wang was involved in fuel cell modeling and control and design of hybrid alternative energy power generation sources, including fuel cells.

?Nehrir and Wang have written this guide for students, engineers and professionals on fuel cell modeling and their emergence as large-scale power generators.? ( Book News, September 2009)

• Preface. Acknowledgments.1 Introduction.1.1 Background: A Brief History of U.S. Electric Utility Formation and Restructuring.1.2 Power Deregulation and Distributed Generation.1.3 DG Types.1.4 Fuel Cell DG.1.5 The Hydrogen Economy.2 Principles of Operation of Fuel Cells.2.1 Introduction.2.2 Chemical and Thermal Energy of an Element.2.3 Fundamentals of Thermodynamics.2.4 Fundamentals of Electrochemical Processes.2.5 Energy Balance in Chemical Reactions.2.6 The Nernst Equation.2.7 Fuel Cell Basics.2.8 Types of Fuel Cells.2.9 Fuel Cell Equivalent Circuit.2.10 Capacitance of Double-Layer Charge Effect.2.11 Summary.3 Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of PEM Fuel Cells.3.1 Introduction: Need for Fuel Cell Dynamic Models.3.2 Nomenclature (PEMFC).3.3 PEMFC Dynamic Model Development.3.4 PEMFC Model Structure.3.5 Equivalent Electrical Circuit Model of PEMFC.3.6 PEMFC Model Validation.4 Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells.4.1 Introduction.4.2 Nomenclature (SOFC).4.3 SOFC Dynamic Model Development.4.4 SOFC Dynamic Model Structure.4.5 SOFC Model Response—Constant Fuel Flow Operation.4.6 SOFC Model Response—Constant Fuel Utilization Operation.5 Principles of Operation and Modeling of Electrolyzers.5.1 Principle of Operation of Electrolyzers.5.2 Dynamic Modeling of Electrolyzers.5.3 Electrolyzer Model Implementation.6 Power Electronic Interfacing Circuits for Fuel Cell Applications.6.1 Introduction.6.2 Overview of Basic Power Electronic Switches.6.3 ac/dc Rectifiers.6.4 dc to dc Converters.6.5 Three-Phase dc/ac Inverters.7 Control of Grid-Connected Fuel Cell Power Generation Systems.7.1 Introduction.7.2 Grid-Connected System Configuration.7.3 Controller Designs for dc/dc Converters and the Inverter.7.4 Simulation Results.7.5 Summary.8 Control of Stand-Alone Fuel Cell Power Generation Systems.8.1 Introduction.8.2 System Description and Control Strategy.8.3 Load Transient Mitigation Control.8.4 Simulation Results.8.5 Summary.9 Hybrid Fuel Cell Based Energy System Case Studies.9.1 Introduction.9.2 Hybrid Electronically Interfaced Systems.9.3 Fuel Cells in Hybrid Combined Heat and Power Operation Mode.9.4 Case Study I: A Hybrid Stand-Alone Wind–PV–FC System.9.5 Case Study II: SOFC Efficiency Evaluation in Hybrid Operation Mode.9.6 Summary.10 Present Challenges and Future of Fuel Cells.10.1 Introduction.10.2 Fuel Cell System Operations.10.3 Present Challenges and Opportunities.10.4 U.S. Fuel Cell R&D Programs.10.5 Future of Fuel Cells: A Summary and Authors Opinions.References.Appendix A Instruction for Running the PEMFC and SOFC Models and Their Distributed Generation Application Models.Index.