Designing Matrix Organizations that Actually Work

The AuthorJAY R. GALBRAITH is professor emeritus at the International Institute for Management Development (IMD) in Lausanne, Switzerland. He is also senior research scientist at the Center for Effective Organizations at the University of Southern California. He is the author or coauthor of several books, including  Designing the Global Corporation and Designing Your Organization, both from Jossey-Bass.

• Preface viiiIntroduction: Matrix Organizations: What Are They?Where Did They Come From? 1What Is a Matrix? 3What Are the Origins of the Matrix? 7What Happened? 10The Star Model 12Implications of the Star Model 17Part One: Simple Matrix Organizations 211. Simple Matrix Structures 25Two-Dimensional Structures 25Pharmaceutical R&D Lab Example 35Summary 402. The Two-Hat Model 41What Is the Two-Hat Model? 41Examples of Two-Hat Structures 44Summary 503. The Baton Pass Model 51The Consumer Goods Model 51The Pharmaceutical Model 54Summary 634. The Matrix Within a Matrix 65Design Challenges of the Matrix Within a Matrix 65Matrix Within a Matrix at the Corporate Level 69Mars Pet Food Example 70Summary 735. Balancing Power and Defining Roles 75Designing Power Bases 75Roles and Responsibilities 82Summary 85Part Two: Complex Matrix Structures 876. The Three-Dimensional Matrix 91International Strategy 91The Geography-Dominant Matrix 98The Balanced Matrix 102The Business-Dominant Matrix 106Differentiated Structures 107Other Three-Dimensional Models 109Summary 1127. More Complex Matrix Structures 115Global Account Teams 115The Front-Back Hybrid Model 116Summary 1268. The IBM Structure 129The IBM Front-Back Hybrid 129More Complexity? 136Summary 137Part Three: Completing the Star Model 1399. Communication in the Matrix 143Informal Communication 144Formal Communication 145Summary 15010. Planning and Coordination Processes 153Goal Alignment, Dispute Resolution, and Coordination Mechanisms 153Summary 16011. Planning Processes in the Complex Matrix 161What About Complex Matrix Designs? 161Get the System in a Room 172Online Processes 175Summary 17812. Human Resources Policies 179Human Capital 180Social Capital 196Summary 19913. Leadership in a Matrix Organization 201Seeing That Conflicts Are Resolved 202Managing the Top Team 208Balancing Power 210Summary 21314. Implementing a Matrix 215Using the Star Model 215Building Capabilities 218Summary 22915. A Synopsis of Matrix Capabilities 231Epilogue: Personal Stories: The Uses and Abuses of the Matrix 235Early Phase: “What Is a Matrix, Anyway?” 235Matrix Takes Off and Becomes Trendy 239The Phase of Decline 243The Stealth Matrix Phase 245Today: Matrix Out of the Closet 247References 249About the Author 251Index 253