Urban Health and Society

The Editors Nicholas Freudenberg is Distinguished Professor of Urban Public Health at Hunter College and of Social Psychology at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York where he directs the CUNY Doctor of Public Health Program. Susan Klitzman is professor of Environmental Health and director of the Urban Public Health Program, Hunter College. She currently serves on the New York City Board of Health. Susan Saegert is professor of Human and Organizational Development and director of the Center of Community Studies at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. She is the former director of the Center for Human Environments and professor of Environmental Psychology at the CUNY Graduate Center.

... Takes a practical focus to introducing researchers and graduate students to the connections between population health and social justice, the variety of approaches to studying those connections from an interdisciplinary vantage point, the creation of interventions to address disparities, and potential applications of these approaches for research. The editors and contributing authors succeed with a book that provides examples of and formulas for interdisciplinary research in a variety of fields related to urban health. The authors do a superb job of tying the chapters together, beginning with why these approaches to research and practice are warranted and ending with potential limitations and benefits. This book brings practical knowledge together from a variety of disciplines to enhance population health and social justice research.—Doody's Book Review Service, April 2010

• Preface xiThe Contributors xiiiPart One Introduction 11 Frameworks for Interdisciplinary Urban Health Research and Practice 3Nicholas Freudenberg, Susan Klitzman, Susan SaegertIntroduction 4The Implications of Urban Life for Health 6Levels and Types of Interdisciplinarity 8Conundrums in Interdisciplinarity 10Interdisciplinarity and Theories of Knowledge 11Methodological Challenges and Approaches to Interdisciplinarity 12Interdisciplinarity: Which Disciplines When? 12Role Definitions in Interdisciplinary Research and Practice 13Multiple Levels of Intervention 14Summary 152 Environmental Justice Praxis: Implications for Interdisciplinary Urban Public Health 19Tom Angotti, Julie SzeEnvironmental Justice and Public Health 22The Built Environment, Urban Planning, and Urban Public Health 23Environmental and Social Justice, Interdisciplinarity, and the Politics of Knowledge 26Asthma and the Environmental Justice Campaign for a Solid Waste Plan in New York City 29Asian Immigrant and Refugee Organizing for Environmental Health and Housing in the Bay Area 34Conclusion 37Summary 38Part Two Interdisciplinary Approaches to Studying Causes of Urban Health Problems 433 Interdisciplinary, Participatory Research on Urban Food Environments and Dietary Behaviors 45Shannon N. Zenk, Amy J. Schulz, Angela M. Odoms-Young, Murlisa LockettIntroduction 46Determinants of Retail Food Environments in Cities 47Using CBPR to Understand the Health Implications of Detroit’s Food Environment 48Directions for Future Research 54Summary 564 An Ecological Model of Urban Child Health 63Kim T. Ferguson, Pilyoung Kim, James R. Dunn, Gary W. EvansIntroduction 64An Ecological Model 64Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Model 65Influences on Children’s Health in the Urban Context 68Research Across Multiple Levels 76Agenda for Future Research and Practice 78Summary 805 Geographic Information Systems, Environmental Justice, and Health Disparities 93Juliana Maantay, Andrew R. Maroko, Carlos Alicea, A. H. StrelnickIntroduction 94Community-Based Participatory Research 95Multilevel Models of Causation 96Role of Geographic Information Systems 96Environmental Justice and Health in the Bronx 97Methods 101Findings 110Implications of Findings 111Lessons on Interdisciplinary Approaches to Urban Health Research 117Conclusion 119Summary 1196 Racial Inequality in Health and the Policy-induced Breakdown of African American Communities 127Arline T. Geronimus, J. Phillip ThompsonIntroduction 128Racialized Ideologies: Developmentalism, Economism, and the American Creed 131Implications for Public Policy 138Building a Movement for Policy Reform 144Summary 1487 An Interdisciplinary and Social-ecological Analysis of the U.s. Foreclosure Crisis as It Relates to Health 161Susan Saegert, Kimberly Libman, Desiree FieldsHousing and Health: What’s the Connection? 162The Social Ecology of Foreclosure 164The Research and Its Context 166Focus Group Analysis and the Emergence of Health as an Issue 170Foreclosure and Public Health 173Neoliberalism, the Foreclosure Crisis, and Health Consequences 174Conclusion 176Summary 178Part Three Interdisciplinary Approaches to Interventions to Promote Urban Health 1838 Transdisciplinary Action Research On Teen Smoking Prevention 185Juliana Fuqua, Daniel Stokols, Richard Harvey, Atusa Baghery, Larry JamnerIntroduction 186Review of Transdisciplinary Action Research 186Transdisciplinary Action Research Cycle 187Translating Transdisciplinary Research into Community Intervention and Policy 189Factors Facilitating or Impeding Collaboration Among TPC Members 196Implications and Additional Lessons Learned from the TPC Study 205Future Directions 207Summary 2119 How Vulnerabilities and Capacities Shape Population Health After Disasters 217Craig Hadley, Sasha Rudenstine, Sandro GaleaSocial and Economic Determinants of Health After Disasters 218Humanitarian Crises in Angola and the Balkans 223Hurricane Katrina 224September 11, 2001, Terrorist Attacks on New York City 226Implications for Prevention and Intervention 229Summary 23110 Immigrants and Urban Aging: Toward A Policy Framework 239Marianne Fahs, Anahí Viladrich, Nina S. ParikhThe New Urban Demography: Baby Boomers and Immigrants 240Economic and Social Influences on Aging and Health Policy 242Social and Environmental Considerations 246Toward a Conceptual Framework 254A Public Health Research and Policy Agenda 255Summary 25811 Reversing the Tide of Type 2 Diabetes Among African Americans Through Interdisciplinary Research 271Hollie Jones, Leandris C. LiburdA Dialogue Between Two Disciplines: Psychology and Medical Anthropology 273Ethnic Identity and the Experience of Being African American with Type 2 Diabetes 278Interdisciplinary Research Methods 281Integrating Social Psychology and Medical Anthropology to Reduce the Burden of Diabetes 284Summary 285Part Four Putting Interdisciplinary Approaches into Practice 29312 Using Interdisciplinary Approaches to Strengthen Urban Health Research and Practice 295Nicholas Freudenberg, Susan Klitzman, Susan SaegertDoing Interdisciplinary Research and Practice 296Defining the Problem 299Creating a Process for Interdisciplinary Work 302Choosing Institutional and Community Partners 305Influencing Policy and Practice 309Evaluating Impact 311Wanted: Interdisciplinary Researchers and Practitioners 312Summary 314Glossary 319Index 325