Transforming Public Health Practice

Bernard J. Healey, PhD, is the director of the Graduate Program in Health Care Administration and professor of Health Care Administration, King's College, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. He is a consultant epidemiologist with the Wilkes-Barre City Health Department and was an epidemiologist for the Pennsylvania Department of Health.Cheryll D. Lesneski, DrPH, is a clinical assistant professor in the Public Health Leadership Program, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health. She is a consultant to the Public Health System, Finance, and Quality Program in the Office of Healthcare Quality, Office of theAssistant Secretary for Health, US Department of Health and Human Services. She was a public health officer in the Florida Department of Health for 10 years prior to joining the UNC faculty.

• Introduction xiii Acknowledgments xviiThe Authors xixThe Contributors xxiPart One Issues and Methods of Public Health Practice1 The Need for Change in the Practice of Public Health 3Mission and Services of Public Health 3Public Health’s History and Its Impact on Current Services 10Gap Between Mission and Current Public Health Practice 132 The Success of Public Health Programs: Critical Factors 27Definition of Public Health 30Public Health Systems 31Community Health Workers 34Population-Based Medicine 36Problems in Our Health Care System 36The Need for Improved Accountability of Public Health Professionals 39Local Health Departments 39Epidemic of Chronic Diseases 42Information Management 44Expansion of Health Education Programs 45Public Health and the Legacy Concept 46The Need for Leadership Development in Public Health 483 Critical Issues for the Future of Health Care in the United States 53Why We Are Failing in Our Health Care Reform Efforts 57Root Causes of the Failures of the Health Care System 60Other Problem Areas 68Solution to the Problems in Our Health Care System 70New Model of Health Care Delivery 72Public Health as a Potential Solution to the Health Care Crisis in America 754 Application of Epidemiological Concepts to Health Care Delivery 81Descriptive Epidemiology 83Epidemiology of Communicable Diseases 89Epidemiology of Emerging Infections 91Analytical Epidemiology 92Epidemiology and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 95Data Management 95Surveillance Systems 97Managerial Epidemiology 99Application of Epidemiological Concepts to Health Care 1015 Shifting the Focus from Communicable to Chronic Diseases 105Communicable Disease Threat 108The Challenge of Chronic Diseases 111The Need for Investment in Preventing Chronic Diseases 114Health Education 116The Need for Partnerships to Combat Chronic Diseases 118Opportunity to Improve the Way Health Care Is Delivered 121Part Two Issues and Methods of Public Health Leadershipand Management6 Leadership and Politics in Public Health 129Development of Power in Health Care Delivery 130Leadership and Politics in Health Care Delivery 134Public Health Leadership Styles 137Transformational Leadership and Public Health 140Public Health as a Change Agent 142Public Health Leaders and Power 143Public Health Leaders and Conflict Management 145Can Political Appointees Lead Public Health Departments? 146Communication Skills of the Leader 147Leadership Development in Public Health 148Culture of Public Health Workers 150Public Health Leaders and Innovation 1537 Empowering Public Health Workers 159Leadership and Quality Improvement 161The Public Health Employee 164Transformational Leadership, Worker Empowerment, and Self-Managed Work Teams in Public Health 165The Role of Culture 166Culture and Change 169Empowerment of Workers in Public Health 173Disappearance of the Public Health Worker 1768 Partnerships to Improve the Public’s Health 179Public Health Partners 179Value of Partnerships for Public Health Organizations 181Building Community-Wide Partnerships Using an Ecological Model of Health 183Successful Partnerships 189Assessing the Role of Partnerships in Improving Community Health 1909 Leading and Managing Change in Public Health Organizations 193Public Health and the Urgent Need for Change 193Challenges Facing Local Public Health Leaders 194Millennium Development Goals 195Urgent Need for System Change 196Visioning the New Public Health 200Leadership for the New Public Health 201Changing the Public Health System for the Future 206Managing Change 20710 Developing an Outcomes Orientation in Public Health Organizations 213Quality Nexus of Public Health and Health Care 214Focusing on Core Functions and Essential Public Health Services 216Current Quality Improvement Efforts in Public Health Organizations 223Gaps in the Quality of Public Health Services 226Federal Leadership of Quality Improvement in Public Health 227Road Map to Improve Public Health Outcomes 23311 Opportunities for Improvement in Public Health Practice 239Disruption and Change in Public Health 242Public Health Education and Health Promotion Programs 244The Need for a Chronic Care Model 247Minimal Political Appreciation of Public Health Activities 248Use of Technology in Risk Communication 250Public Health Leadership Required 252Value of Prevention Programs 254The Process of Innovation 25912 Local Solutions to Reduce Inequities in Health and Safety 263Larry Cohen, Anthony Iton, Rachel Davis, Sharon Murriguez13 Challenges in the New World of Public Health Practice 299Determinants of Health 300Obesity Epidemic 302Climate Change 305War and Armed Conflicts 309Case StudiesCase Study 1 Innovation in Health Education Programs 315Case Study 2 Disabilities 321Jill D. Morrow-GortonCase Study 3 Formation of Community Partnerships to Prepare for H1N1 327Marc C. MarcheseCase Study 4 Municipal Health Department Leadership Inside Out 331Ted KrossCase Study 5 The Power of Data: Osceola County Secures a Federally Qualified Health Center 337Julia Joh ElligersCase Study 6 Using MAPP to Get Up & Go! in St. Clair County 341Lisa JacobsCase Study 7 Partnering for Improved Infant Health in Stanislaus County 345Lisa JacobsCase Study 8 Innovation in Colorectal Cancer Education Programs 349References 355Index 375