XIN-SHE YANG, PhD, is Senior Research Fellow in the Department of Engineering at Cambridge University (United Kingdom). The Editor-in-Chief of International Journal of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Optimization (IJMMNO), Dr. Yang has published more than sixty journal articles in his areas of research interest, which include computational mathematics, metaheuristic algorithms, numerical analysis, and engineering optimization.

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• List of Figures. Preface. Acknowledgments. Introduction. PART I Foundations of Optimization and Algorithms. 1.1 Before 1900. 1.2 Twentieth Century. 1.3 Heuristics and Metaheuristics. Exercises. 2 Engineering Optimization. 2.1 Optimization. 2.2 Type of Optimization. 2.3 Optimization Algorithms. 2.4 Metaheuristics. 2.5 Order Notation. 2.6 Algorithm Complexity. 2.7 No Free Lunch Theorems. Exercises. 3 Mathematical Foundations. 3.1 Upper and Lower Bounds. 3.2 Basic Calculus. 3.3 Optimality. 3.4 Vector and Matrix Norms. 3.5 Eigenvalues and Definiteness. 3.6 Linear and Affine Functions. 3.7 Gradient and Hessian Matrices. 3.8 Convexity. Exercises. 4 Classic Optimization Methods I. 4.1 Unconstrained Optimization. 4.2 Gradient-Based Methods. 4.3 Constrained Optimization. 4.4 Linear Programming. 4.5 Simplex Method. 4.6 Nonlinear Optimization. 4.7 Penalty Method. 4.8 Lagrange Multipliers. 4.9 Karush-Kuhn-Tucker Conditions. Exercises. 5 Classic Optimization Methods II. 5.1 BFGS Method. 5.2 Nelder-Mead Method. 5.3 Trust-Region Method. 5.4 Sequential Quadratic Programming. Exercises. 6 Convex Optimization. 6.1 KKT Conditions. 6.2 Convex Optimization Examples. 6.3 Equality Constrained Optimization. 6.4 Barrier Functions. 6.5 Interior-Point Methods. 6.6 Stochastic and Robust Optimization. Exercises. 7 Calculus of Variations. 7.1 Euler-Lagrange Equation. 7.2 Variations with Constraints. 7.3 Variations for Multiple Variables. 7.4 Optimal Control. Exercises. 8 Random Number Generators. 8.1 Linear Congruential Algorithms. 8.2 Uniform Distribution. 8.3 Other Distributions. 8.4 Metropolis Algorithms. Exercises. 9 Monte Carlo Methods. 9.1 Estimating p. 9.2 Monte Carlo Integration. 9.3 Importance of Sampling. Exercises. 10 Random Walk and Markov Chain. 10.1 Random Process. 10.2 Random Walk. 10.3 Lévy Flights. 10.4 Markov Chain. 10.5 Markov Chain Monte Carlo. 10.6 Markov Chain and Optimisation. Exercises. PART II Metaheuristic Algorithms. 11 Genetic Algorithms. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Genetic Algorithms. 11.3 Implementation. Exercises. 12 Simulated Annealing. 12.1 Annealing and Probability. 12.2 Choice of Parameters. 12.3 SA Algorithm. 12.4 Implementation. Exercises. 13 Ant Algorithms. 13.1 Behaviour of Ants. 13.2 Ant Colony Optimization. 13.3 Double Bridge Problem. 13.4 Virtual Ant Algorithm. Exercises. 14 Bee Algorithms. 14.1 Behavior of Honey Bees. 14.2 Bee Algorithms. 14.3 Applications. Exercises. 15 Particle Swarm Optimization. 15.1 Swarm Intelligence. 15.2 PSO algorithms. 15.3 Accelerated PSO. 15.4 Implementation. 15.5 Constraints. Exercises. 16 Harmony Search. 16.1 Music-Based Algorithms. 16.2 Harmony Search. 16.3 Implementation. Exercises. 17 Firefly Algorithm. 17.1 Behaviour of Fireflies. 17.2 Firefly-Inspired Algorithm. 17.3 Implementation. Exercises. PART III Applications. 18 Multiobjective Optimization. 18.1 Pareto Optimality. 18.2 Weighted Sum Method. 18.3 Utility Method. 18.4 Metaheuristic Search. 18.5 Other Algorithms. Exercises. 19 Engineering Applications. 19.1 Spring Design. 19.2 Pressure Vessel. 19.3 Shape Optimization. 19.4 Optimization of Eigenvalues and Frequencies. 19.5 Inverse Finite Element Analysis. Exercises. Appendices. Appendix A: Test Problems in Optimization. Appendix B: Matlab® Programs. B.1 Genetic Algorithms. B.2 Simulated Annealing. B.3 Particle Swarm Optimization. B.4 Harmony Search. B.5 Firefly Algorithm. B.6 Large Sparse Linear Systems. B.7 Nonlinear Optimization. B.7.1 Spring Design. B.7.2 Pressure Vessel. Appendix C: Glossary. Appendix D: Problem Solutions. References. Index.

XIN-SHE YANG, PhD, is Senior Research Fellow in the Department of Engineering at Cambridge University (United Kingdom). The Editor-in-Chief of International Journal of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Optimization (IJMMNO), Dr. Yang has published more than sixty journal articles in his areas of research interest, which include computational mathematics, metaheuristic algorithms, numerical analysis, and engineering optimization.

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• List of Figures. Preface. Acknowledgments. Introduction. PART I Foundations of Optimization and Algorithms. 1.1 Before 1900. 1.2 Twentieth Century. 1.3 Heuristics and Metaheuristics. Exercises. 2 Engineering Optimization. 2.1 Optimization. 2.2 Type of Optimization. 2.3 Optimization Algorithms. 2.4 Metaheuristics. 2.5 Order Notation. 2.6 Algorithm Complexity. 2.7 No Free Lunch Theorems. Exercises. 3 Mathematical Foundations. 3.1 Upper and Lower Bounds. 3.2 Basic Calculus. 3.3 Optimality. 3.4 Vector and Matrix Norms. 3.5 Eigenvalues and Definiteness. 3.6 Linear and Affine Functions. 3.7 Gradient and Hessian Matrices. 3.8 Convexity. Exercises. 4 Classic Optimization Methods I. 4.1 Unconstrained Optimization. 4.2 Gradient-Based Methods. 4.3 Constrained Optimization. 4.4 Linear Programming. 4.5 Simplex Method. 4.6 Nonlinear Optimization. 4.7 Penalty Method. 4.8 Lagrange Multipliers. 4.9 Karush-Kuhn-Tucker Conditions. Exercises. 5 Classic Optimization Methods II. 5.1 BFGS Method. 5.2 Nelder-Mead Method. 5.3 Trust-Region Method. 5.4 Sequential Quadratic Programming. Exercises. 6 Convex Optimization. 6.1 KKT Conditions. 6.2 Convex Optimization Examples. 6.3 Equality Constrained Optimization. 6.4 Barrier Functions. 6.5 Interior-Point Methods. 6.6 Stochastic and Robust Optimization. Exercises. 7 Calculus of Variations. 7.1 Euler-Lagrange Equation. 7.2 Variations with Constraints. 7.3 Variations for Multiple Variables. 7.4 Optimal Control. Exercises. 8 Random Number Generators. 8.1 Linear Congruential Algorithms. 8.2 Uniform Distribution. 8.3 Other Distributions. 8.4 Metropolis Algorithms. Exercises. 9 Monte Carlo Methods. 9.1 Estimating p. 9.2 Monte Carlo Integration. 9.3 Importance of Sampling. Exercises. 10 Random Walk and Markov Chain. 10.1 Random Process. 10.2 Random Walk. 10.3 Lévy Flights. 10.4 Markov Chain. 10.5 Markov Chain Monte Carlo. 10.6 Markov Chain and Optimisation. Exercises. PART II Metaheuristic Algorithms. 11 Genetic Algorithms. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Genetic Algorithms. 11.3 Implementation. Exercises. 12 Simulated Annealing. 12.1 Annealing and Probability. 12.2 Choice of Parameters. 12.3 SA Algorithm. 12.4 Implementation. Exercises. 13 Ant Algorithms. 13.1 Behaviour of Ants. 13.2 Ant Colony Optimization. 13.3 Double Bridge Problem. 13.4 Virtual Ant Algorithm. Exercises. 14 Bee Algorithms. 14.1 Behavior of Honey Bees. 14.2 Bee Algorithms. 14.3 Applications. Exercises. 15 Particle Swarm Optimization. 15.1 Swarm Intelligence. 15.2 PSO algorithms. 15.3 Accelerated PSO. 15.4 Implementation. 15.5 Constraints. Exercises. 16 Harmony Search. 16.1 Music-Based Algorithms. 16.2 Harmony Search. 16.3 Implementation. Exercises. 17 Firefly Algorithm. 17.1 Behaviour of Fireflies. 17.2 Firefly-Inspired Algorithm. 17.3 Implementation. Exercises. PART III Applications. 18 Multiobjective Optimization. 18.1 Pareto Optimality. 18.2 Weighted Sum Method. 18.3 Utility Method. 18.4 Metaheuristic Search. 18.5 Other Algorithms. Exercises. 19 Engineering Applications. 19.1 Spring Design. 19.2 Pressure Vessel. 19.3 Shape Optimization. 19.4 Optimization of Eigenvalues and Frequencies. 19.5 Inverse Finite Element Analysis. Exercises. Appendices. Appendix A: Test Problems in Optimization. Appendix B: Matlab® Programs. B.1 Genetic Algorithms. B.2 Simulated Annealing. B.3 Particle Swarm Optimization. B.4 Harmony Search. B.5 Firefly Algorithm. B.6 Large Sparse Linear Systems. B.7 Nonlinear Optimization. B.7.1 Spring Design. B.7.2 Pressure Vessel. Appendix C: Glossary. Appendix D: Problem Solutions. References. Index.

XIN-SHE YANG, PhD, is Senior Research Fellow in the Department of Engineering at Cambridge University (United Kingdom). The Editor-in-Chief of International Journal of Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Optimization (IJMMNO), Dr. Yang has published more than sixty journal articles in his areas of research interest, which include computational mathematics, metaheuristic algorithms, numerical analysis, and engineering optimization.

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• List of Figures. Preface. Acknowledgments. Introduction. PART I Foundations of Optimization and Algorithms. 1.1 Before 1900. 1.2 Twentieth Century. 1.3 Heuristics and Metaheuristics. Exercises. 2 Engineering Optimization. 2.1 Optimization. 2.2 Type of Optimization. 2.3 Optimization Algorithms. 2.4 Metaheuristics. 2.5 Order Notation. 2.6 Algorithm Complexity. 2.7 No Free Lunch Theorems. Exercises. 3 Mathematical Foundations. 3.1 Upper and Lower Bounds. 3.2 Basic Calculus. 3.3 Optimality. 3.4 Vector and Matrix Norms. 3.5 Eigenvalues and Definiteness. 3.6 Linear and Affine Functions. 3.7 Gradient and Hessian Matrices. 3.8 Convexity. Exercises. 4 Classic Optimization Methods I. 4.1 Unconstrained Optimization. 4.2 Gradient-Based Methods. 4.3 Constrained Optimization. 4.4 Linear Programming. 4.5 Simplex Method. 4.6 Nonlinear Optimization. 4.7 Penalty Method. 4.8 Lagrange Multipliers. 4.9 Karush-Kuhn-Tucker Conditions. Exercises. 5 Classic Optimization Methods II. 5.1 BFGS Method. 5.2 Nelder-Mead Method. 5.3 Trust-Region Method. 5.4 Sequential Quadratic Programming. Exercises. 6 Convex Optimization. 6.1 KKT Conditions. 6.2 Convex Optimization Examples. 6.3 Equality Constrained Optimization. 6.4 Barrier Functions. 6.5 Interior-Point Methods. 6.6 Stochastic and Robust Optimization. Exercises. 7 Calculus of Variations. 7.1 Euler-Lagrange Equation. 7.2 Variations with Constraints. 7.3 Variations for Multiple Variables. 7.4 Optimal Control. Exercises. 8 Random Number Generators. 8.1 Linear Congruential Algorithms. 8.2 Uniform Distribution. 8.3 Other Distributions. 8.4 Metropolis Algorithms. Exercises. 9 Monte Carlo Methods. 9.1 Estimating p. 9.2 Monte Carlo Integration. 9.3 Importance of Sampling. Exercises. 10 Random Walk and Markov Chain. 10.1 Random Process. 10.2 Random Walk. 10.3 Lévy Flights. 10.4 Markov Chain. 10.5 Markov Chain Monte Carlo. 10.6 Markov Chain and Optimisation. Exercises. PART II Metaheuristic Algorithms. 11 Genetic Algorithms. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Genetic Algorithms. 11.3 Implementation. Exercises. 12 Simulated Annealing. 12.1 Annealing and Probability. 12.2 Choice of Parameters. 12.3 SA Algorithm. 12.4 Implementation. Exercises. 13 Ant Algorithms. 13.1 Behaviour of Ants. 13.2 Ant Colony Optimization. 13.3 Double Bridge Problem. 13.4 Virtual Ant Algorithm. Exercises. 14 Bee Algorithms. 14.1 Behavior of Honey Bees. 14.2 Bee Algorithms. 14.3 Applications. Exercises. 15 Particle Swarm Optimization. 15.1 Swarm Intelligence. 15.2 PSO algorithms. 15.3 Accelerated PSO. 15.4 Implementation. 15.5 Constraints. Exercises. 16 Harmony Search. 16.1 Music-Based Algorithms. 16.2 Harmony Search. 16.3 Implementation. Exercises. 17 Firefly Algorithm. 17.1 Behaviour of Fireflies. 17.2 Firefly-Inspired Algorithm. 17.3 Implementation. Exercises. PART III Applications. 18 Multiobjective Optimization. 18.1 Pareto Optimality. 18.2 Weighted Sum Method. 18.3 Utility Method. 18.4 Metaheuristic Search. 18.5 Other Algorithms. Exercises. 19 Engineering Applications. 19.1 Spring Design. 19.2 Pressure Vessel. 19.3 Shape Optimization. 19.4 Optimization of Eigenvalues and Frequencies. 19.5 Inverse Finite Element Analysis. Exercises. Appendices. Appendix A: Test Problems in Optimization. Appendix B: Matlab® Programs. B.1 Genetic Algorithms. B.2 Simulated Annealing. B.3 Particle Swarm Optimization. B.4 Harmony Search. B.5 Firefly Algorithm. B.6 Large Sparse Linear Systems. B.7 Nonlinear Optimization. B.7.1 Spring Design. B.7.2 Pressure Vessel. Appendix C: Glossary. Appendix D: Problem Solutions. References. Index.