Introduction to Engineering

Paul H. Wright is the author of Introduction to Engineering, 3rd Edition, published by Wiley.

• CHAPTER 1/HISTORY OF ENGINEERING1.1 Introduction 11.2 Engineering in the Early Civilizations: The Mesopotamians 21.3 Engineering in the Early Civilizations: The Egyptians 31.4 Contributions of the Greeks 61.5 Contributions of the Romans 71.6 Engineering in the Middle Ages 101.7 The Advancement of Science: Circa A.D. 1300–1750 101.8 Advancements in Engineering: A.D. 1750–1900 111.9 Engineering in the Twentieth Century 14CHAPTER 2/DEFINITION OF ENGINEERING2.1 Engineering 212.2 Engineering Support Personnel 23ENGINEERING FIELDS OF SPECIALIZATION 252.3 Electrical Engineering 252.4 Computer Engineering 262.5 Mechanical Engineering 272.6 Civil Engineering 282.7 Chemical Engineering 302.8 Industrial Engineering 312.9 Aerospace Engineering 322.10 Materials Engineering 322.11 Other Branches of Engineering 332.12 Functions of Engineering 34CAREER PATHS FOR ENGINEERS 352.13 The Corporate Ladder 362.14 The Independent Entrepreneur 372.15 Employment Opportunities in Government 382.16 Engineering and Social Services Abroad 392.17 The Engineering Professor 392.18 Graduate Work Outside of Engineering 402.19 The Multiple-Track, Variable Career 41INITIAL CAREER PROFILES 412.20 Chemical Engineering Graduates 422.21 Civil Engineering Graduates 432.22 Electrical Engineering Graduates 442.23 Mechanical Engineering Graduates 452.24 Biomedical Engineering Graduates 472.25 Computer Engineering Graduates 472.26 Environmental Engineering Graduates 482.27 Industrial Engineering Graduates 48CHAPTER 3/THE ENGINEER AS A PROFESSIONAL3.1 Engineering as a Profession 513.2 Characteristics and Responsibilities of Professional Engineers 533.3 Ideals and Obligations of Professional Engineers 533.4 Professional Registration 553.5 Professional Organizations 573.6 Engineering Ethics 603.7 Moral Foundations of Engineering Ethics 613.8 The Framework of Engineering Ethics 633.9 Codes of Engineering Ethics 643.10 Case Studies in Engineering Ethics 69CHAPTER 4/LEARNING AND CREATIVE THOUGHT4.1 Introduction 874.2 The Successful Engineering Student 874.3 The Engineering Curriculum 894.4 Curriculum Planning and Management 934.5 Adapting to the College Classroom 94THE LEARNING PROCESS 954.6 The Nature of Learning 954.7 Information Processing and Memory 954.8 Determinants of Efficient Learning 974.9 Practical Suggestions for Learning 98DIFFERENCES IN THE WAY PEOPLE THINK 994.10 The Four-Quadrant Model of Thinking 994.11 Hindrances to Problem Solving 101ON CREATIVITY 1044.12 What Is Creativity? 1044.13 The Nature of Creativity 1044.14 Characteristics of Creative People 1054.15 The Creative Process 1064.16 Overcoming Obstacles to Creative Thinking 106CHAPTER 5/THE ENGINEERING APPROACH TO PROBLEM SOLVINGTHE NATURE OF ENGINEERING DESIGN 111Engineering Teams 112THE ENGINEERING METHOD 1125.1 Identification of the Problem 1135.2 Gathering Needed Information 1145.3 Searching for Creative Solutions 114Brainstorming 115Checklists 115Attribute Listing 115Forced Relationship Technique 116Morphological Analysis 1175.4 Stepping from Ideation to Preliminary Designs 118Mathematical Models 119Simulation Models 119Physical Models 1205.5 Evaluation and Selection of Preferred Solution 125Economic Analysis 126Other Evaluation Techniques 1285.6 Preparation of Reports, Plans, and Specifications 1305.7 Implementation of the Design 130Patenting 130Computer-Aided Design 131Learning from Failures 132The Hyatt Regency Hotel Walkways Collapse 134CHAPTER 6/ENGINEERING COMMUNICATIONS6.1 Introduction 1416.2 Communications and Information Resources 142How Engineers Find Information and the Information Seeking Process 142Turning Information into Knowledge: Evaluating and Processing Information 142Where to Locate Information and Good Starting Points 145THE ENGINEER AS A WRITER 1476.3 Guidelines for Effective Writing 1486.4 Types of Engineering Writing 149GRAPHICAL COMMUNICATIONS 1536.5 ANSI Line Conventions and Lettering 1556.6 Types of Graphical Communications 1586.7 Sketching 1586.8 Pictorial Representations 1596.9 Orthographic Representations 1606.10 Section Views 1616.11 Auxiliary Views 1636.12 Computer Tools for Creating Representations 1646.13 Simulation and Virtual Reality 165THE ENGINEER AS A SPEAKER 1656.14 Guidelines for Effective Speaking 1656.15 Use of Visual Aids 166Use of Computer Technology in Oral Presentations 1676.16 Technical Presentations at Professional Meetings 1676.17 The Engineer as a Presiding Officer 168CHAPTER 7/ENGINEERING CALCULATIONS7.1 The Presentation of Engineering Calculations 1757.2 Number Systems 1777.3 Dimensions 1787.4 Units 179The International System of Units 180Units Used with SI 1847.5 Significant Figures 1877.6 Scientific Notation 188BRANCHES OF MATHEMATICS 1887.7 Algebra 1897.8 Geometry 1897.9 Trigonometry 1907.10 Calculus 1917.11 Engineering Statistics 194The Normal Distribution 1967.12 Graphical Analysis 199Developing an Equation for a Straight-line Relationship 202CHAPTER 8/A CASE STUDY—ATLANTA’S FREEDOM PARKWAY PROJECT8.1 Background 2138.2 Social and Environmental Legislation 2148.3 Significant State Legislation 2178.4 The Abandonment of Interstate Route I-485 2188.5 Local Plan Development 2198.6 The Presidential Parkway 221Solicitation of Support 222Design Features and Location 222Social and Environmental Assessment 226Public Opposition to the Presidential Parkway 227Administrative Actions 2288.7 Litigation 229Civil Disobedience 2308.8 Mediation 2328.9 The Freedom Parkway 235Design Features of the Freedom Parkway 238Congressional Approval 2388.10 Conclusion 238CHAPTER 9/A CASE STUDY—THE SPACE SHUTTLE CHALLENGER ACCIDENT9.1 Background 2439.2 The Space Shuttle 2449.3 From Earth to Orbit 2469.4 Events Leading up to the Challenger Mission 2489.5 Launch Delays 2499.6 The Presidential Commission and Its Activities 2519.7 The Accident 2539.8 The Cause of the Accident 2579.9 The Contributing Cause of the Accident 264INDEX 273