ROBERT W. BALLUFEI, SCD, is Professor of Physical Metallurgy, Emeritus, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.SAMUEL M, ALLEN. PHD, is Professor of Physical Metallurgy, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W. CRAIG CARTER. PHD. is Professor of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

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• Preface xvii Acknowldegments xix Notation xx Symbol Table-Roman xxi Symbol Table-Greek xxv 1. Introduction 1 Part I: Motion of Atoms and Molecules By Diffusion 2. Irreversible Thermodynamics: Coupled Forces and Fluxes 23 3. Driving Forces and Fluxes for Diffusion 41 4. The Diffusion Equation 77 5. Solutions to the Diffusion Equation 99 6. Diffusion In MultiComponent Systems 131 7. Atomic Models for Diffusion 145 8. Diffusion in Crystals 163 9. Diffusion Along Crystal Imperfections 209 10. Diffusion in Noncrystalline Materials 229 Part II: Motion of Dislocations and Interfaces 11. Motion of Dislocations 253 12. Motion of Crystalline Surfaces 285 13. Motion of Crystalline Interfaces 303 Part III Morphological Evolution Due To Capillary and Applied Mechanical Forces 14. Surface Evolution due to Capillary Forces 337 15. Coarsening due to Capillary Forces 363 16. Morphological Evolution, Diffusional Creep, and Sintering 387 Part IV: Phase Transformations 17. General Features of Phase Transformations 419 18. Spinodal and Order-Disorder Transformations 433 19. Nucleation 459 20. Growth of Phases in Concentration and Thermal Fields 50121. Concurrent Nucleation and Growth 533 22. Solidification 543 23. Precipitation 555 24. Martensitic Transformations 563 Appendix A: Densities, Fractions, and Atomic Volumes of Components 587Appendix B: Structure of Crystalline Interfaces 591 Appendix C: Capillarity and Mathematics of Space Curves and Interfaces 601 Illustration Credits 617 Cited Author Index 620 Figure Index 623 Topic Index 639

ROBERT W. BALLUFEI, SCD, is Professor of Physical Metallurgy, Emeritus, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.SAMUEL M, ALLEN. PHD, is Professor of Physical Metallurgy, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W. CRAIG CARTER. PHD. is Professor of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

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• Preface xvii Acknowldegments xix Notation xx Symbol Table-Roman xxi Symbol Table-Greek xxv 1. Introduction 1 Part I: Motion of Atoms and Molecules By Diffusion 2. Irreversible Thermodynamics: Coupled Forces and Fluxes 23 3. Driving Forces and Fluxes for Diffusion 41 4. The Diffusion Equation 77 5. Solutions to the Diffusion Equation 99 6. Diffusion In MultiComponent Systems 131 7. Atomic Models for Diffusion 145 8. Diffusion in Crystals 163 9. Diffusion Along Crystal Imperfections 209 10. Diffusion in Noncrystalline Materials 229 Part II: Motion of Dislocations and Interfaces 11. Motion of Dislocations 253 12. Motion of Crystalline Surfaces 285 13. Motion of Crystalline Interfaces 303 Part III Morphological Evolution Due To Capillary and Applied Mechanical Forces 14. Surface Evolution due to Capillary Forces 337 15. Coarsening due to Capillary Forces 363 16. Morphological Evolution, Diffusional Creep, and Sintering 387 Part IV: Phase Transformations 17. General Features of Phase Transformations 419 18. Spinodal and Order-Disorder Transformations 433 19. Nucleation 459 20. Growth of Phases in Concentration and Thermal Fields 50121. Concurrent Nucleation and Growth 533 22. Solidification 543 23. Precipitation 555 24. Martensitic Transformations 563 Appendix A: Densities, Fractions, and Atomic Volumes of Components 587Appendix B: Structure of Crystalline Interfaces 591 Appendix C: Capillarity and Mathematics of Space Curves and Interfaces 601 Illustration Credits 617 Cited Author Index 620 Figure Index 623 Topic Index 639

ROBERT W. BALLUFEI, SCD, is Professor of Physical Metallurgy, Emeritus, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.SAMUEL M, ALLEN. PHD, is Professor of Physical Metallurgy, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. W. CRAIG CARTER. PHD. is Professor of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

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• Preface xvii Acknowldegments xix Notation xx Symbol Table-Roman xxi Symbol Table-Greek xxv 1. Introduction 1 Part I: Motion of Atoms and Molecules By Diffusion 2. Irreversible Thermodynamics: Coupled Forces and Fluxes 23 3. Driving Forces and Fluxes for Diffusion 41 4. The Diffusion Equation 77 5. Solutions to the Diffusion Equation 99 6. Diffusion In MultiComponent Systems 131 7. Atomic Models for Diffusion 145 8. Diffusion in Crystals 163 9. Diffusion Along Crystal Imperfections 209 10. Diffusion in Noncrystalline Materials 229 Part II: Motion of Dislocations and Interfaces 11. Motion of Dislocations 253 12. Motion of Crystalline Surfaces 285 13. Motion of Crystalline Interfaces 303 Part III Morphological Evolution Due To Capillary and Applied Mechanical Forces 14. Surface Evolution due to Capillary Forces 337 15. Coarsening due to Capillary Forces 363 16. Morphological Evolution, Diffusional Creep, and Sintering 387 Part IV: Phase Transformations 17. General Features of Phase Transformations 419 18. Spinodal and Order-Disorder Transformations 433 19. Nucleation 459 20. Growth of Phases in Concentration and Thermal Fields 50121. Concurrent Nucleation and Growth 533 22. Solidification 543 23. Precipitation 555 24. Martensitic Transformations 563 Appendix A: Densities, Fractions, and Atomic Volumes of Components 587Appendix B: Structure of Crystalline Interfaces 591 Appendix C: Capillarity and Mathematics of Space Curves and Interfaces 601 Illustration Credits 617 Cited Author Index 620 Figure Index 623 Topic Index 639